Effect of Chlorsulfuron on Diclofop Phytotoxicity to Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)

The effect of chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5 -triazin-2-yl)amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} on the phytotoxicity of postemergence applications of the methyl ester of diclofop ((±)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid} to Italian ryegrass [Lolium multiflorum(Lam.) # LOLMU] was investigated in field and greenhouse experiments. The addition of chlorsulfuron (14.8 g ai/ha field, 12.4 g/ha greenhouse) to 0.90 kg/ha diclofop reduced Italian ryegrass control 27% in the field and increased Italian ryegrass fresh weights in the greenhouse more than twofold over diclofop alone. The antagonism was more evident when combinations were used to treat Italian ryegrass in the three-leaf stage than the two- or four-leaf stage. Sequential applications yielded results similar to tank mix combinations. Chlorsulfuron and diclofop were approximately 400 and 50%, respectively, more active on Italian ryegrass when applied preemergence than when applied postemergence. Combinations of chlorsulfuron and diclofop applied preemergence to Italian ryegrass resulted in additive responses.

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Effect of Chlorsulfuron on the Movement and Fate of Diclofop in Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500060689 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 623-628 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Rex Liebl ◽

A. Douglas Worsham

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Methyl Ester ◽

Chemical Stability ◽

Free Acid ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Propanoic Acid ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Treated Leaf ◽

Wheat Leaves

The basis for chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino] caronyl] benzenesulfonamide} antagonism of diclofop {(±)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid} was investigated in Italian ryegrass [Lolium multiflorum(Lam.) # LOLMU] and wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘McNair 1813′). Chlorsulfuron did not affect the chemical stability or volatility of diclofop in spray mixtures over the time and concentration ranges evaluated. Addition of chlorsulfuron (0.11 μg/μl) to a diclofop (2.0 μg/μl) foliar-applied spotting solution did not affect the absorption, translocation, or metabolism of diclofop in 17-day-old Italian ryegrass or wheat. Italian ryegrass and wheat responded differentially to diclofop alone. At 72 h after treatment, 69 and 40% of labeled diclofop penetrated into Italian ryegrass and wheat leaves, respectively. Although little movement of labeled diclofop occurred in either species, more translocated from the treated zone of Italian ryegrass. At 72 h after treatment, the percentages of14C recovered as parent methyl ester, diclofop (free acid), and conjugates in treated leaf extracts were 9, 62, and 25%, respectively, for Italian ryegrass, and 50, 20, and 29%, respectively, for wheat. Differential penetration and metabolism of diclofop are the probable bases for selectivity between wheat and Italian ryegrass. The antagonism of diclofop caused by chlorsulfuron does not appear to be due to an alteration of the molecular fate of diclofop in Italian ryegrass.

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Diclofop – a Selective Herbicide for Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) Control in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500069344 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 436-438 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Khosro Khodayari ◽

Robert E. Frans ◽

Fred C. Collins

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Propanoic Acid ◽

Leaf Stage ◽

Excellent Control ◽

Significant Yield ◽

Effect On Yield ◽

Ryegrass Growth

Diclofop [2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid] was evaluated to determine Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorumLam.) control and effect on yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.). Diclofop applied at 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.5 kg/ha postemergence provided excellent control of ryegrass and resulted in significant yield increases of winter wheat. Diclofop was most effective when applied at the two- to three-leaf stage of Italian ryegrass growth. Postemergence applications of diclofop plus bentazon [3-isopropyi-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide] gave excellent control of ryegrass and significant increases in wheat yields.

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Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) Accessions Tolerant to Diclofop

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500072040 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 350-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Charles E. Stanger ◽

Arnold P. Appleby

Keyword(s):

Methyl Ester ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Growth Chamber ◽

Alternative Treatments ◽

Leaf Stage ◽

Shoot Weight ◽

Chamber Studies ◽

Growth Chamber Studies ◽

Ryegrass Growth

In 1987, two applications of the methyl ester of diclofop failed to effectively control Italian ryegrass in some growers' fields. As a result of these observations, studies were initiated to determine if the surviving ryegrass is more tolerant to diclofop than previously untreated ryegrass. Growth chamber studies on five accessions of ryegrass demonstrated that collections from two growers' fields were highly tolerant of diclofop. Diclofop GR50(rate required to reduce shoot weight by 50%) values of accessions A and B and commercial ryegrass, when diclofop was applied to seedlings at the two-leaf stage, were 2.9, 3.4, and 0.0056 kg ai/ha, respectively. Diclofop-tolerant biotypes were not more tolerant to postemergence barban or preemergence-incorporated triallate plus postemergence diuron or metribuzin. These herbicides are possible alternative treatments in fields where diclofop is no longer effective.

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Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) Control in Imidazolinone-Resistant Wheat

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-03-017r ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 481-489 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Kevin C. Clemmer ◽

Alan C. York ◽

Cavell Brownie

Keyword(s):

Ammonium Salt ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Greenhouse Experiments ◽

Percentage Points

Imazamox ammonium salt at 53 g ae/ha applied postemergence in the fall to imidazolinone-resistant wheat controlled Italian ryegrass 98 to 100% 10 wk after treatment (WAT). Control 22 WAT was 88 to 98% at two locations and 55% at a third location. Imazamox was more effective applied in fall to three- to four-leaf Italian ryegrass than when applied in spring to one- to three-tiller Italian ryegrass. Split applications, with 27 g/ha applied in fall and spring, were no more effective than 53 g/ha applied in fall. Pendimethalin preemergence in combination with fall-applied imazamox increased control 22 WAT 10 to 33 percentage points at two of three locations. Imazethapyr ammonium salt plus imazapyr isopropylamine salt applied at 47 plus 16 g ae/ha and imazamox at 44 or 53 g/ha were similarly effective, whereas imazethapyr at 70 g/ha was ineffective. Control by imazapic ammonium salt at 70 g ae/ha was equal to or greater than control by imazamox at 44 or 53 g/ha. Imazamox, imazethapyr plus imazapyr, and imazapic controlled diclofop-resistant and -susceptible Italian ryegrass. Thifensulfuron plus tribenuron mixed with imazamox increased Italian ryegrass control in field and greenhouse experiments, whereas dicamba reduced control compared with imazamox applied alone. Control by imazamox plus 2,4-D was similar to or greater than control by imazamox alone.

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Mesosulfuron-Resistant Italian Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum) Biotype from Texas

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-08-032.1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 431-434 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Andrew T. Ellis ◽

Gaylon D. Morgan ◽

Thomas C. Mueller

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Acetolactate Synthase ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽

Acetyl Coa ◽

Resistance Level ◽

Greenhouse Experiments

Acetolactate synthase (ALS)–inhibiting herbicides are often used to control Italian ryegrass in winter wheat in Texas. An Italian ryegrass biotype near Waco, TX was evaluated for resistance to mesosulfuron in field and greenhouse experiments. Control of the biotype in the field was less than 10% with the label rate of mesosulfuron (15 g ai/ha). Greenhouse studies confirmed that the biotype was resistant to mesosulfuron; control of the biotype was less than 35% at 120 g ai/ha mesosulfuron. The herbicide dose required to reduce plant biomass of a susceptible and the Waco biotype by 50% (GR50) was 1.3 and 31 g ai/ha, respectively, indicating a resistance level of 24-fold in the Waco biotype. However, the Waco biotype was controlled with the acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors diclofop and pinoxaden.

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The Effect of Foliar and Soil Application of Flufenacet and Prosulfocarb on Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) Control

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10110552 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 552

Author(s):

Christian Andreasen ◽

Kasper Lund Høgh ◽

Signe Marie Jensen

Keyword(s):

Foliar Application ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Acetolactate Synthase ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

High Yield ◽

Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Soil Application ◽

Greenhouse Experiments ◽

Foliar Biomass

Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) can be a troublesome weed that may causes high yield losses to several crops. Ryegrass resistance to the typically used acetolactate synthase (ALS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibiting herbicides complicates the control. As an alternative, we evaluated and compared the effects of two soil-acting herbicides, flufenacet and prosulfocarb, on susceptible L. multiflorum. The herbicides were applied in two doses in three different methods of applications: (1) soil and foliar application (2) foliar application, and (3) soil application only. Two greenhouse experiments separated in time showed that both herbicides reduced root and foliar biomass significantly as compared to the nontreated plants. In experiment 1, both herbicides resulted in lower efficacy when they only were applied to the leaves compared to the nontreated plants. Especially the foliar effect of flufenacet was small. The highest dose of prosulfocarb (4200 g ai ha−1) reduced the fresh foliar weight by 61% in experiment 1 and by 95% in experiment 2. The lowest dose of prosulfocarb (2100 g ai ha−1) reduced the weights by 73% (experiment 1) and 98% (experiment 2), respectively. For both herbicides the soil and foliar application applied postemergence were effective in reducing growth of L. multiflorum significantly in both experiments. Foliar application showed inconsistent results, showing that soil absorption plays an important role on herbicide efficacy even when the herbicides are applied postemergence. Postemergence application of prosulfocarb and flufenacet were effective to reduce L. multiflorum growth having apparently good root and leaf absorption.

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