Triclopyr for Control of Honey Mesquite (Prosopis julifloravar.glandulosa)

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 681-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pete W. Jacoby ◽  
Cecil H. Meadors
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Honey Mesquite

Triclopyr {[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy] acetic acid} was aerially applied at four locations in Texas to determine effectiveness of the amine and ester formulations for the control of honey mesquite [Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) DC. var.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockerell # PRCJG]. The ester formulation was superior to the amine in most trials. Honey mesquite control with triclopyr amine was comparable to that with 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] while control with triclopyr ester was similar to that attained with a 1:1 mixture of 2,4, 5-T and picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid). Honey mesquite control obtained with a 1:1 mixture of 2,4,5-T and dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) was intermediate between that with the 2,4,5-T and picloram mixture and that with 2,4,5-T alone. Efficacy of triclopyr increased as rates were increased from 0.3 to 0.6 kg ae/ha and from 0.6 to 1.1 kg/ha. Triclopyr formulations were effective when applied in either water or diesel oil/water emulsions. Honey mesquite control from triclopyr in combination with picloram was generally comparable to that from the mixture of picloram and 2,4,5-T.

Influence of Foam Adjuvants on Activity of Selected Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Mccall ◽  
C. J. Scifres ◽  
M. G. Merkle
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Residual Life ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Foam Generation ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Oil Water

Three blended foam adjuvants increased 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] uptake from aqueous solutions by detached live oak (Quercus virginianaMill.) leaves as compared to uptake from water alone. There were no differences in honey mesquite [Prosopis juliflora(Swartz.) D.C. var.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockerell] control with 2,4,5-T or 1:1 combinations of 2,4,5-T with picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) or with dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) at 0.56 kg/ha whether applied in water + 0.5% (v/v) foam adjuvant or in a diesel oil: water (1:4, v/v) emulsion. Residual life of picloram in native forages was not extended by foam carrier as compared to water, water and surfactant, and diesel oil:water emulsion as carrier. Foam generation from adjuvants with expansion ratios (ER) of two to four was less susceptible to alteration from addition of commercially-formulated herbicides than was an adjuvant with an ER of seven. Foam adjuvant ER's increased in a curvilinear fashion as water temperature was increased from 5 to 50 C.

Absorption of 2,4,5-T Applied in Various Carriers to Honey Mesquite

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Scifres ◽  
J. R. Baur ◽  
R. W. Bovey
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Paraffin Oil ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Honey Mesquite

Absorption of the butyl ether esters of (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)-acetic acid (2,4,5-T) by honey mesquite [Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC. var. glandulosa (Torr.) Cockerell] foliage was more rapid when 0.56 kg/ha was applied in 15 L/ha paraffin oil than when diesel oil, water, or emulsions of the oils in water were used as carriers. However, carrier had little effect on 2,4,5-T translocation to stems or roots. The percentage of greenhouse-grown honey mesquite plants killed was reduced when 2,4,5-T was applied in diesel oil as compared to other carriers studied.

Control of Honey Mesquite (Prosopis julifloravar.glandulosa) with 3,6-Dichloropicolinic Acid

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Jacoby ◽  
C. H. Meadors ◽  
M. A. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Absolute Increase ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Honey Mesquite

The herbicide 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid was more effective than 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] or equal-ratio combinations of 2,4,5-T with picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) or dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) when aerially applied as broadcast sprays for control of honey mesquite [Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) DC. var.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockerell]. Applied at 0.56 kg/ha, 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid controlled 60 and 68% of the honey mesquite at two locations; whereas, the mixture of 2,4,5-T and picloram controlled only 21 and 30% of the honey mesquite at the same rate of application. The herbicide 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid was equally effective when applied alone or in 1:1 mixtures with 2,4,5-T, picloram, or triclopyr {[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy] acetic acid} at equivalent rates. Applying 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid at 1.12 kg/ha resulted in an absolute increase in mortality of 26% over the 0.56-kg/ha rate.

Control of Woody Plants with Herbicide Mixtures

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 423-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Meyer ◽  
R. W. Bovey
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Acacia Farnesiana ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Herbicide Mixtures ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Honey Mesquite

Honey mesquite [Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) DC. var.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockerell], huisache [Acacia farnesiana(L.) Willd.], Macartney rose (Rosa bracteataWendl.), live oak (Quercus virginianaMill.), and whitebrush (Aloysia lycioidesCham.) were sprayed with herbicides alone and in mixtures. Mixtures of picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) + dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) at 0.56 + 0.56 and 1.12 + 1.12 kg/ha were most effective for killing honey mesquite in July. Picloram or picloram + dicamba were more effective for defoliating huisache than 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], dicamba, or other mixtures of herbicides. On Macartney rose picloram as the salt or ester was most effective, but some mixtures of picloram plus either 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] or 2,4,5-T were as effective as picloram alone. On live oak, the most effective treatments generally contained at least 1.12 kg/ha of picloram either alone or in mixtures with dicamba or 2,4,5-T. Picloram alone killed as many or more whitebrush plants than MCPA [[(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy]acetic acid], dicamba, 2,4,5-T, 2,4-D, or mixtures.

Mortality of Honey Mesquite and Huisache Seedlings from Herbicides and Top Removal

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Bovey ◽  
R. E. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Acacia Farnesiana ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Soil Level ◽  
Honey Mesquite

Picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid), 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] and dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) were sprayed at 0.28 kg/ha on honey mesquite [Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) DC. var.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockerell] and huisache [Acacia farnesiana(L.) Willd.] seedlings 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after emergence from seed under greenhouse conditions. Picloram or 2,4,5-T killed 73% or more of the honey mesquite up to 8 weeks after emergence, but the percent killed declined thereafter. Picloram killed more than 90% of the huisache seedlings when applied from 1 to 8 weeks after emergence. Less than 60% of the honey mesquite or huisache seedlings were killed with dicamba at any treatment date. Clipping the plants at the soil level resulted in high mortality (96 to 100%) of both species 1 to 2 weeks after emergence. Treating regrowth of clipped 1-year-old honey mesquite and huisache with 0.28 kg/ha of picloram, dicamba, or 2,4,5-T produced results similar to those obtained from plants grown from seed.

Herbicide Concentrations in Honey Mesquite Phloem

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Davis ◽  
R. E. Meyer ◽  
J. R. Baur ◽  
R. W. Bovey
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Soil Line ◽  
Herbicide Concentration ◽  
Low Rate ◽  
Honey Mesquite

Herbicide content in honey mesquite(Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) DC. var.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockerell) phloem 48 hr after treatment was higher in stems within 20 cm of the foliage than in those near the soil line. Similar levels of (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4,5-T) occurred from applications of either 0.56 or 1.12 kg/ha, whereas three times as much 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) occurred in plants sprayed with the high rate than in those sprayed with the low rate. Herbicide concentration was highest in June and lowest in August.

Picloram and 2,4,5-T Influence on Honey Mesquite Morphology

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Phloem Parenchyma ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Honey Mesquite

Seeds of honey mesquite(Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) DC. var.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockerell) were germinated and grown in aqueous solutions of the sodium salt of (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4,5-T) or the potassium salt of 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram). Elongation of germinating seedling hypocotyls and roots was progressively inhibited by increasing concn of each herbicide up to about 1 or 2 mg/L the first 2 days. After 5 and 10 days, progressively more inhibition occurred at 5 to 10 mg/L of 2,4,5-T and 1 to 2 mg/L of picloram. Four-month-old honey mesquite seedlings were treated with foliar sprays of the 2-ethylhexyl ester of 2,4,5-T or the potassium salt of picloram. Both herbicides caused curling of the stem tip, death of the growing point, cracking below the leaf, and increased numbers of lateral roots. Both herbicides caused phellem cells to enlarge radially, inner cortext and phloem parenchyma to proliferate, and xylem vessels to lignify without enlarging. Starch granules disappeared from treated plants within 8 days and re-occurred in treated plants only 53 days after spraying. Picloram was slightly more toxic to honey mesquite seedlings than 2,4,5-T.

Absorption and Translocation of Triclopyr in Honey Mesquite (Prosopis julifloravar.glandulosa)

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 807-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney W. Bovey ◽  
Hugo Hein ◽  
Robert E. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Amine Salt ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Honey Mesquite

Leaves of greenhouse-grown honey mesquite [Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) DC var.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockerell # PRCJG] initially absorbed more triclopyr {[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy] acetic acid} from application of the ester than the amine salt. After 24 h, however, honey mesquite had absorbed 66% of the applied ester formulation and 72% of the amine formulation. Triclopyr was rapidly transported from the treated leaf to other plant parts. Triclopyr concentrations recovered 4 h after treatment in the upper canopy, lower canopy, and roots averaged 0.12, 0.19, and 0.09 μg, respectively. Concentrations of triclopyr recovered after 24 h were not significantly different than after 4 h in the canopy. No ester from ester application was recovered in the canopy, other than that in the treated leaf. Triclopyr recovered from stems of honey mesquite in the field ranged from 0.16 to 0.72 μg/g in phloem and from 0.04 to 0.20 μg/g in xylem from a broadcast spray application of the butoxyethanol ester at 1.12 kg/ha. Concentrations of triclopyr were usually not significantly different in either the upper or lower stems whether sampled 3 or 30 days after treatment.

A Carrier for Some Water-Soluble Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Shellhorn ◽  
Herbert M. Hull
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Velvet Mesquite

A mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), glycerol, phytobland oil, and water (50:25:15:10, v/v) proved to be outstandingly effective as a carrier for water-soluble formulations of 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4,5-T), and mixtures thereof. The carrier was selected after numerous experiments in which these and other adjuvants, used individually, gave at least some degree of herbicidal enhancement on velvet mesquite seedlings [Prosopis juliflora var. velutina (Woot.) Sarg.]. Maximum synergism between the carrier complex and herbicide occurred with the triethylamine salt of 2,4,5-T; relatively little influence on the butoxyethanol ester was observed. Picloram and 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba) were intermediate in activity between the two phenoxy formulations.

Effect of pH on Foliar Uptake of 2,4,5-T-1-14C

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 481-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Baur ◽  
R. W. Bovey ◽  
Imogene Riley
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Foliar Uptake ◽  
Effect Of Ph ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Honey Mesquite

Uptake of 2,4,5-T-1-14C [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)-acetic acid] by immersion of honey mesquite [Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) DC var.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockerell] leaflets rapidly diminished as pH was increased from 3.5 to 9.5. Uptake diminished less rapidly as pH increased when 10-μl droplets were applied to leaflets that were kept moist. Uptake was equivalent from solutions of pH 3.5, 5.5, and 7.5; but severely reduced at pH 9.5, when leaflets were droplet treated and let dry. Uptake under dry conditions from pH 7.5 and 9.5 droplets containing 1 M NH4Cl was equivalent to uptake from pH 3.5 and 5.5 droplets lacking NH4Cl. NH4Cl had no enhancing effect on uptake at any pH when leaflets were immersed or droplet-treated and maintained moist. Low concentrations of urea had no enhancing effect on uptake at pH 9.5 by droplet-treated leaflets that were allowed to dry. Urea concentrations above 0.1 M inhibited uptake.

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