A Carrier for Some Water-Soluble Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Shellhorn ◽  
Herbert M. Hull
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Velvet Mesquite

A mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), glycerol, phytobland oil, and water (50:25:15:10, v/v) proved to be outstandingly effective as a carrier for water-soluble formulations of 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4,5-T), and mixtures thereof. The carrier was selected after numerous experiments in which these and other adjuvants, used individually, gave at least some degree of herbicidal enhancement on velvet mesquite seedlings [Prosopis juliflora var. velutina (Woot.) Sarg.]. Maximum synergism between the carrier complex and herbicide occurred with the triethylamine salt of 2,4,5-T; relatively little influence on the butoxyethanol ester was observed. Picloram and 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba) were intermediate in activity between the two phenoxy formulations.

Control of Honey Mesquite (Prosopis julifloravar.glandulosa) with 3,6-Dichloropicolinic Acid

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Jacoby ◽  
C. H. Meadors ◽  
M. A. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Absolute Increase ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Honey Mesquite

The herbicide 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid was more effective than 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] or equal-ratio combinations of 2,4,5-T with picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) or dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) when aerially applied as broadcast sprays for control of honey mesquite [Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) DC. var.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockerell]. Applied at 0.56 kg/ha, 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid controlled 60 and 68% of the honey mesquite at two locations; whereas, the mixture of 2,4,5-T and picloram controlled only 21 and 30% of the honey mesquite at the same rate of application. The herbicide 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid was equally effective when applied alone or in 1:1 mixtures with 2,4,5-T, picloram, or triclopyr {[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy] acetic acid} at equivalent rates. Applying 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid at 1.12 kg/ha resulted in an absolute increase in mortality of 26% over the 0.56-kg/ha rate.

Morphological Response of Two Mesquite Varieties to 2,4,5-T and Picloram

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 712-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert M. Hull ◽  
Howard L. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Morphological Response ◽  
Varietal Differences ◽  
Enhanced Activity ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Velvet Mesquite ◽  
Aerial Sprays ◽  
Honey Mesquite

Honey mesquite [Prosopis julifioravar.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockerell] and velvet mesquite [P. julifioravar.velutina(Woot.) Sarg.] seedlings were treated on individual leaves with 20 or 40 μg of (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4,5-T), 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), or a 1:1 mixture thereof. Formulation of herbicides in a DMSO-complex carrier (dimethyl sulfoxide, ethylene glycol, phytobland oil, water: 50:25:15:10, v/v) enhanced activity considerably over that obtained with an aqueous carrier, the degree of enhancement being greater with 2,4,5-T than with picloram. Lack of major varietal differences in morphological or anatomical response suggests that observed varietal differences in sensitivity of field mesquite to aerial sprays are not a function of the variety itself, but are related to climatic or edaphic differences among sites which the varieties occupy.

Control of Woody Plants with Herbicide Mixtures

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 423-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Meyer ◽  
R. W. Bovey
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Acacia Farnesiana ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Herbicide Mixtures ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Honey Mesquite

Honey mesquite [Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) DC. var.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockerell], huisache [Acacia farnesiana(L.) Willd.], Macartney rose (Rosa bracteataWendl.), live oak (Quercus virginianaMill.), and whitebrush (Aloysia lycioidesCham.) were sprayed with herbicides alone and in mixtures. Mixtures of picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) + dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) at 0.56 + 0.56 and 1.12 + 1.12 kg/ha were most effective for killing honey mesquite in July. Picloram or picloram + dicamba were more effective for defoliating huisache than 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], dicamba, or other mixtures of herbicides. On Macartney rose picloram as the salt or ester was most effective, but some mixtures of picloram plus either 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] or 2,4,5-T were as effective as picloram alone. On live oak, the most effective treatments generally contained at least 1.12 kg/ha of picloram either alone or in mixtures with dicamba or 2,4,5-T. Picloram alone killed as many or more whitebrush plants than MCPA [[(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy]acetic acid], dicamba, 2,4,5-T, 2,4-D, or mixtures.

Influence of Foam Adjuvants on Activity of Selected Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Mccall ◽  
C. J. Scifres ◽  
M. G. Merkle
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Residual Life ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Foam Generation ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Oil Water

Three blended foam adjuvants increased 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] uptake from aqueous solutions by detached live oak (Quercus virginianaMill.) leaves as compared to uptake from water alone. There were no differences in honey mesquite [Prosopis juliflora(Swartz.) D.C. var.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockerell] control with 2,4,5-T or 1:1 combinations of 2,4,5-T with picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) or with dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) at 0.56 kg/ha whether applied in water + 0.5% (v/v) foam adjuvant or in a diesel oil: water (1:4, v/v) emulsion. Residual life of picloram in native forages was not extended by foam carrier as compared to water, water and surfactant, and diesel oil:water emulsion as carrier. Foam generation from adjuvants with expansion ratios (ER) of two to four was less susceptible to alteration from addition of commercially-formulated herbicides than was an adjuvant with an ER of seven. Foam adjuvant ER's increased in a curvilinear fashion as water temperature was increased from 5 to 50 C.

Mortality of Honey Mesquite and Huisache Seedlings from Herbicides and Top Removal

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Bovey ◽  
R. E. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Acacia Farnesiana ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Soil Level ◽  
Honey Mesquite

Picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid), 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] and dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) were sprayed at 0.28 kg/ha on honey mesquite [Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) DC. var.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockerell] and huisache [Acacia farnesiana(L.) Willd.] seedlings 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after emergence from seed under greenhouse conditions. Picloram or 2,4,5-T killed 73% or more of the honey mesquite up to 8 weeks after emergence, but the percent killed declined thereafter. Picloram killed more than 90% of the huisache seedlings when applied from 1 to 8 weeks after emergence. Less than 60% of the honey mesquite or huisache seedlings were killed with dicamba at any treatment date. Clipping the plants at the soil level resulted in high mortality (96 to 100%) of both species 1 to 2 weeks after emergence. Treating regrowth of clipped 1-year-old honey mesquite and huisache with 0.28 kg/ha of picloram, dicamba, or 2,4,5-T produced results similar to those obtained from plants grown from seed.

Triclopyr for Control of Honey Mesquite (Prosopis julifloravar.glandulosa)

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 681-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pete W. Jacoby ◽  
Cecil H. Meadors
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Honey Mesquite

Triclopyr {[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy] acetic acid} was aerially applied at four locations in Texas to determine effectiveness of the amine and ester formulations for the control of honey mesquite [Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) DC. var.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockerell # PRCJG]. The ester formulation was superior to the amine in most trials. Honey mesquite control with triclopyr amine was comparable to that with 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] while control with triclopyr ester was similar to that attained with a 1:1 mixture of 2,4, 5-T and picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid). Honey mesquite control obtained with a 1:1 mixture of 2,4,5-T and dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) was intermediate between that with the 2,4,5-T and picloram mixture and that with 2,4,5-T alone. Efficacy of triclopyr increased as rates were increased from 0.3 to 0.6 kg ae/ha and from 0.6 to 1.1 kg/ha. Triclopyr formulations were effective when applied in either water or diesel oil/water emulsions. Honey mesquite control from triclopyr in combination with picloram was generally comparable to that from the mixture of picloram and 2,4,5-T.

scholarly journals The Combined Effects of Magnesium Oxide and Inulin on Intestinal Microbiota and Cecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Kanako Omori ◽  
Hiroki Miyakawa ◽  
Aya Watanabe ◽  
Yuki Nakayama ◽  
Yijin Lyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Acetic Acid Concentration ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Constipation is a common condition that occurs in many people worldwide. While magnesium oxide (MgO) is often used as the first-line drug for chronic constipation in Japan, dietary fiber intake is also recommended. Dietary fiber is fermented by microbiota to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs are involved in regulating systemic physiological functions and circadian rhythm. We examined the effect of combining MgO and the water-soluble dietary fiber, inulin, on cecal SCFA concentration and microbiota in mice. We also examined the MgO administration timing effect on cecal SCFAs. The cecal SCFA concentrations were measured by gas chromatography, and the microbiota was determined using next-generation sequencing. Inulin intake decreased cecal pH and increased cecal SCFA concentrations while combining MgO increased the cecal pH lowered by inulin and decreased the cecal SCFA concentrations elevated by inulin. When inulin and MgO were combined, significant changes in the microbiota composition were observed compared with inulin alone. The MgO effect on the cecal acetic acid concentration was less when administered at ZT12 than at ZT0. In conclusion, this study suggests that MgO affects cecal SCFA and microbiota during inulin feeding, and the effect on acetic acid concentration is time-dependent.

HSCCC Separation of Three Main Compounds from the Crude Extract of Dracocephalum Tanguticum by Using Dimethyl Sulfoxide as Cosolvent

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Yang ◽  
Yongling Liu ◽  
Tao Chen ◽  
Nana Wang ◽  
Hongmei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Preparative Hplc ◽  
Counter Current

Abstract Separation of natural compounds directly from the crude extract is a challenging work for traditional column chromatography. In the present study, an efficient method for separation of three main compounds from the crude extract of Dracocephalum tanguticum has been successfully established by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC). The crude extract was directly introduced into HSCCC by using dimethyl sulfoxide as cosolvent. Ethyl acetate/n-butyl alcohol/0.3% glacial acetic acid (4: 1: 5, v/v) system was used and three target compounds with purity higher than 80% were obtained. Preparative HPLC was used for further purification and three target compounds with purity higher than 98% were obtained. The compounds were identified as chlorogenic acid, pedaliin and pedaliin-6″-acetate.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Water-Soluble 7-O-Carboxymethyl-Genistein

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-185
Author(s):  
Zhiling Cao ◽  
Qiao Wu ◽  
Jing Cheng ◽  
Dandan Zhu ◽  
Wengqi Teng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Aqueous Acetic Acid ◽  
Carboxylate Group ◽  
Target Compound ◽  
Catalysed Reaction

A three-step synthesis from genistein of the water-soluble sodium salt of 7-O-carboxymethyl-genistein is described. Base-catalysed reaction of genistein with t-butyl bromoacetate gave 7-O-(carbo-t-butoxy)methyl-genistein, which was hydrolysed by aqueous acetic acid to 7-O-carboxymethyl-genistein and neutralised (NaHCO3) to give the target compound. The carboxylate group enhanced the water-solubility of genistein more than a thousand-fold and the new derivate will be useful as a candidate compound in pharmacological and clinical chemistry studies of isoflavones.

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