Influence of Antidotes on Forage Grass Seedling Response to Metolachlor and Butylate

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy S. Griffin ◽  
Lowell E. Moser ◽  
Alex R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Andropogon Gerardii ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Big Bluestem ◽  
Sorghastrum Nutans ◽  
Bouteloua Curtipendula ◽  
Naphthalic Anhydride ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Sideoats Grama

Field studies were conducted for 3 yr near Mead, NE, to evaluate the effectiveness of seed safeners CGA-92194 [N-(1,3-dioxalon-2-yl-methoxy)iminobenzeneacetonitrile], NA (1,8-naphthalic anhydride), and R-29148 (2,2-dimethyl-5-methyldichloroacetyloxazolidine) to reduce herbicide injury to big bluestem (Andropogon gerardiiVitman), indiangrass[Sorghastrum nutans(L.) Nash], intermediate wheatgrass[Agropyron intermedium(Host.) Beauv.], sideoats grama[Bouteloua curtipendula(Michx.) Torr.], and switchgrass (Panicum virgatumL.) from preplant-incorporated butylate [5-ethyl bis-(2-methylpropyl)carbamothioate] and metolachlor [2-chloro-N- (2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl) -N- (2-methoxy-l-methylethyl)acetamide], applied at 4.5 and 2.2 kg ai/ha, respectively. Big bluestem stands were satisfactory, regardless of herbicide or safener treatment, although stands were reduced by NA treatment with either herbicide. Indiangrass stands varied by year, with protection from both herbicides by R-29148 in 1984 and by NA in 1985. All safeners reduced injury to intermediate wheatgrass from metolachlor and to a lesser extent from butylate; acceptable stands were obtained with metolachlor treatment when unsafened. Sideoats grama was nearly eliminated with either herbicide, regardless of safener. Switchgrass treated with NA produced stands two- to threefold higher than other safened or unsafened seed in metolachlor plots and equal to unsafened seed in the weeded control plots.

Identifying Native Prairie Grass Seedlings

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 450e-451
Author(s):  
Virginia A. Gaynor ◽  
Mary Hockenberry Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Schizachyrium Scoparium ◽  
Sorghastrum Nutans ◽  
Native Prairie ◽  
Switch Grass ◽  
Little Bluestem ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Prairie Restorations ◽  
Sideoats Grama

There is great interest in prairie gardens and prairie restorations in the central United States. Small prairie gardens are often established with plugs, but most restorationists and landscape contractors use seed for large plantings. If initial establishment is poor, restorations are often interseeded the second or third season. However, to evaluate early establishment and determine if interseeding is necessary, contractors must be able to identify native grasses in the seedling and juvenile stages. In this study we investigated vegetative characteristics of native prairie grass seedlings. Seven species of native prairie grass were grown in the greenhouse: Andropogon gerardii (big bluestem), Sorghastrum nutans (Indian grass), Panicum virgatum (switch grass), Schizachyrium scoparium (little bluestem), Bouteloua curtipendula (sideoats grama), Elymus canadensis (Canada wildrye), and Bromus kalmii (Kalmís brome). Every 2 to 3 weeks after germination, seedlings were photographed, pressed, and mounted. Additional photographs were taken through the dissecting scope at key stages of development. Ligules and auricles were found to be useful in distinguishing species, and our close-up photographs highlight these structures. Hairiness and color were variable within a species and could not be used reliably in identification. A seedling identification key will be presented for the species studied.

Development of Range Grass Seedlings Germinated in Picloram

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Scifres ◽  
J. C. Halifax
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Buchloe Dactyloides ◽  
Bouteloua Curtipendula ◽  
Radicle Elongation ◽  
Relative Tolerance ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Digitaria Californica ◽  
Sideoats Grama

Picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) did not influence germination but differentially regulated postgermination growth of range grass seedlings. Radicle elongation of buffalograss(Buchloe dactyloides[Nutt] Elgelm.), sideoats grama(Bouteloua curtipendula[Michx.] Torr.)3, and switchgrass(Panicum virgatumL.) in petri dishes was reduced by 125 ppb picloram, whereas shoot elongation was not retarded by 1,000 ppb. Buffalograss, sideoats grama, and switchgrass seedlings, germinated in soil containing 500 ppb picloram, were usually not reduced in topgrowth production. However, topgrowth production of Arizona cottontop(Digitaria californica[Benth.] Henr.) and vine mesquite(Panicum obtusumH. B. K.) was reduced by 125 to 250 ppb of picloram in soil. Relative tolerance to picloram was ranked buffalograss, sideoats grama>switchgrass>vine mesquite, Arizona cottontop.

Influence of Dicamba on Development of Range Grass Seedlings

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 414-416
Author(s):  
J. C. Halifax ◽  
C. J. Scifres
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Bouteloua Curtipendula ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Sideoats Grama

Seedlings of switchgrass(Panicum virgatumL. ‘Blackwell’), sideoats grama(Bouteloua curtipendula[Michx.] Torr. ‘Premier’), and native vine mesquite(Panicum obtusumH. B. K.) tolerated 0.28 kg/ha of 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba) applied preemergence. After emergence, sideoats grama tolerated 0.56 kg/ha dicamba. Preemergence or postemergence applications of 1.12 and 2.24 kg/ha severely retarded shoot production of all three species. Soil residues in the surface 2.5 cm reduced root production of grass seedlings, whereas placement of dicamba 7.6 or 15.2 cm deep was not detrimental. All grass species germinated and grew for 21 days in soil containing up to 63 ppb of dicamba without reduction in shoot production. Overall order of susceptibility to dicamba was ranked as vine mesquite > switchgrass > sideoats grama.

scholarly journals The Effect of Prescribed Burning at Different Fuel Moisture Levels on Vegetation and Soils of Grasslands in Wind Cave National Park

1978 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 167-169
Author(s):  
F. Gartner
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Fuel Moisture ◽  
Big Bluestem ◽  
Bouteloua Curtipendula ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Little Bluestem ◽  
Sideoats Grama

One of the major grassland communities in Wind Cave National Park is the little bluestem - big bluestem - sideoats grama (Schizachyrium scoparius-Andropogon gerardi-Bouteloua curtipendula) Community. The effects of fire on the components of this plant community were deemed important because: 1) this warm season community occupies a significant portion of the grasslands of the Park; 2) the community occurs on soils that are usually shallow, rocky, and weakly developed and are, therefore, highly susceptible to erosion if the plant cover is reduced by fire; and 3) previous pilot studies have indicated a wide variation in response to fire by the major components of this community, possibly due to variations in fuel and soil moisture at the time of ignition.

scholarly journals Effects of Root-trimming and Cutting-heights on Growth Performance of Potted Native Warm-season Grasses

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Vitalis W. Temu ◽  
David Johnson ◽  
Maru K. Kering
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Sorghastrum Nutans ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
Cutting Height ◽  
Design Experiments ◽  
Individual Placement

Mechanized transplanting of native warm-season grass (NWSG) seedlings raised in biodegradable strip-cups may require trimming outgrown and entwined roots to facilitate individual placement and complete root covering. During establishment, mowing is often used to reduce weed competition and promote tillering. In two randomized complete block split-split-plot design experiments, effects of root-trimming and cutting-height on growth and biomass production of potted NWSGs [big bluestem (BB, <em>Andropogon gerardii</em> Vitman), eastern gamagrass (GG, <em>Tripsacum dactyloides</em> L.), indiangrass (IG, <em>Sorghastrum nutans</em> L.), and switchgrass (SG, <em>Panicum virgatum</em> L.)] were assessed. Six-week old seedlings were transplanted, with or without root-trimming, and four of each type and species, assigned to 10-, 15-, or 20-cm cutting-height. All plants were fertilized uniformly and watered sufficiently. After a 7-d adjustment period, plants were clipped to 10 cm which promoted tillering. A three-week regrowth was then allowed before the first of three forage harvests, at assigned cutting-heights. Plant heights were recorded every two weeks after transplanting and on each harvest date. Data  were analyzed for effects of root-trimming, cutting-height, and species. Root-trimming had no effect on the parameters. Cutting-height had no effect on plant heights except for second GG and SG regrowths, and/or the third BB and SG. Cutting-height affected only SG forage biomass significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) during year1 and every species during year2 with 100%+ greater values at the 20- than the 10-cm. All 20-cm average growth rates and belowground biomass in year2 were greater (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) than the 10-cm by &gt; 100%, but with similar root:total biomass ratios. Overall, species yield increased in the order; IG&lt;BB&lt;GG&lt;SG. With adequate soil moisture and fertility, results indicate that root-trimming may not affect growth or forage biomass of NWSGs during establishment. Mowing NWSGs, during establishment, for up to three 20-cm cuts at ≥ 3-week intervals, may not impact recovery growth or belowground biomass, negatively. Results from field studies are required ahead of practical establishment management recommendations.

scholarly journals Short-horned grasshopper subfamilies feed at different rates on big bluestem and switchgrass cultivars

Biologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irfan Ullah ◽  
Fatima Mustafa ◽  
William W. Hoback ◽  
Mathew L. Brust ◽  
Kerri M. Farnsworth-Hoback ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Andropogon Gerardii ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Big Bluestem ◽  
Grasshopper Species ◽  
Panicum Virgatum L ◽  
Melanoplus Differentialis ◽  
Melanoplus Femurrubrum

AbstractGrasshopper species belonging to subfamilies Melanoplinae, Gomphocerinae and Oedipodinae were tested for their feeding rate on three types of grass. All grasshopper species were offered Shawnee and Kanlow cultivars of switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L. and big bluestem, Andropogon gerardii Vitman. The grasshoppers, Melanoplus femurrubrum and Melanoplus differentialis were also tested for their feeding on turgid or wilted leaves of the Shawnee cultivar of switchgrass. We found that M. differentialis consumed more switchgrass compared to big bluestem while M. femurrubrum and Arphia xanthoptera consumed the most Shawnee switchgrass. The M. differentialis consumed more turgid grass compared to wilted switchgrass. The feeding performances show differences among grasshopper species even in the same subfamily and suggest that Melanoplinae grasshoppers may become destructive pests of switchgrass planted for biofuel production.

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