Weed suppression byMedicago sativain subsequent cereal crops: a comparative survey

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Ominski ◽  
M. H. Entz ◽  
N. Kenkel
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Field Type ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Cereal Fields

The ability ofMedicago sativato suppress weed growth may provide a viable alternative to chemical weed control and allow crop producers to reduce herbicide inputs. Quantitative information regarding the suppressive effect ofM. sativaon weed populations in current cropping systems is lacking. A survey was conducted in Manitoba, Canada, in 1993 and 1994 to investigate weed populations in commercial cereal fields that had been preceded by eitherM. sativahay or cereal grain crops. A total of 117 fields were surveyed; approximately half from each field type. Principle component analysis indicated that the inclusion ofM. sativain crop rotations resulted in weed communities different from those of continuous cereal fields. Naturally occurring populations ofAvena fatua, Cirsium arvense, Brassica kaber, andGalium aparinewere lower in cereal fields that had previously containedM. sativathan in cereal fields that had been preceded by a cereal crop. Lower field uniformity values forC. arvenseandAvena fatuaindicated that these weeds were also more patchy in theM. sativarotations. Population differences between field types were nonsignificant forAmaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, andPolygonum convolvulus, and although populations ofTaraxacum officinaleandThlaspi arvensewere greater inM. sativa/cereal fields than in continuous cereal crops. No consistent effect of field type onSetaria viridispopulations was observed. These results show thatM. sativaeffectively suppressed some, but not all, of the weeds found in the study area. IncludingM. sativahay crops in crop rotations can be part of an integrated weed management strategy for weeds such asA. fatua, B. kaber, andC. arvense.

Functionally diverse flax-based rotations improve wild oat (Avena fatua) and cleavers (Galium spurium) management

Weed Science ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Dilshan Benaragama ◽  
William E. May ◽  
Robert H. Gulden ◽  
Christian J. Willenborg
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Galium Spurium

Abstract Wild oat (Avena fatua L.) and false cleavers (Galium spurium) are currently a challenge to manage in less competitive crops such as flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). Increasing the functional diversity in crop rotations can be an option to improve weed management. Nonetheless, this strategy is not tested in flax in Western Canada. A 5-yr (2015-2019) crop rotation study was carried at three locations in western Canada to determine the effect of diverse flax-based crop rotations with differences in crop species, crop life cycles, harvesting time and reduced herbicides on managing A. fatua and G. spurium. The perennial rotation (flax-alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-alfalfa-alfalfa-flax) under reduced herbicide use was found to be the most consistent cropping system, providing similar A. fatua and G. spurium control to the conventional annual flax crop rotation[flax-barley (Hordium vulgare L.)-flax-oat (Avena sativa L.)-flax] with standard herbicides. At Carman, this alfalfa rotation provided even better weed control (80% A. fatua, 75% G. spurium) than the conventional rotation. Furthermore, a greater A. fatua control was identified compared to conventional rotation where two consecutive winter cereal crops were grown successfully in rotation (flax-barley-winter triticale (x Triticosecale ex A. Camus)-winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-flax), greater A. fatua control was observed compared to the conventional crop rotation under standard herbicides. Incorporation of silage oat crops did not show consistent management benefits compared to the perennial alfalfa rotation but were generally similar to the conventional rotation with standard herbicides. The results showed that perennial alfalfa in the rotation minimized G. spurium and A. fatua in flax cropping systems, followed by rotations with two consecutive winter cereal crops.

scholarly journals Cover Crop Effectiveness Varies in Cover Crop-Based Rotational Tillage Organic Soybean Systems Depending on Species and Environment

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Vincent-Caboud ◽  
Léa Vereecke ◽  
Erin Silva ◽  
Joséphine Peigné
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Crop Biomass

Organic farming relies heavily on tillage for weed management, however, intensive soil disturbance can have detrimental impacts on soil quality. Cover crop-based rotational tillage (CCBRT), a practice that reduces the need for tillage and cultivation through the creation of cover crop mulches, has emerged as an alternative weed management practice in organic cropping systems. In this study, CCBRT systems using cereal rye and triticale grain species are evaluated with organic soybean directly seeded into a rolled cover crop. Cover crop biomass, weed biomass, and soybean yields were evaluated to assess the effects of cereal rye and winter triticale cover crops on weed suppression and yields. From 2016 to 2018, trials were conducted at six locations in Wisconsin, USA, and Southern France. While cover crop biomass did not differ among the cereal grain species tested, the use of cereal rye as the cover crop resulted in higher soybean yields (2.7 t ha−1 vs. 2.2 t ha−1) and greater weed suppression, both at soybean emergence (231 vs. 577 kg ha−1 of weed biomass) and just prior to soybean harvest (1178 vs. 1545 kg ha−1). On four out of six sites, cover crop biomass was lower than the reported optimal (<8000 kg ha−1) needed to suppress weeds throughout soybean season. Environmental conditions, in tandem with agronomic decisions (e.g., seeding dates, cultivar, planters, etc.), influenced the ability of the cover crop to suppress weeds regardless of the species used. In a changing climate, future research should focus on establishing flexible decision support tools based on multi-tactic cover crop management to ensure more consistent results with respect to cover crop growth, weed suppression, and crop yields.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Four Bait Traps for Sampling Wireworm (Coleoptera: Elateridae) Infesting Cereal Crops in Montana

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 117954331770927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuar Morales-Rodriguez ◽  
Aracely Ospina ◽  
Kevin W Wanner
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Sampling Protocol ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Bait Traps ◽  
Cereal Fields

The basic principles of a reliable integrated pest management program include pest identification, monitoring, and distribution. Selecting the appropriate sampling protocol to monitor wireworm for research or applied entomology depends on the objective, including simply detecting the presence or absence of wireworm, surveying the composition of wireworm assemblages, or estimating spatial and temporal population densities. In this study, the efficacy of pitfall, stocking, pot, and canister traps baited with wheat and barley mixtures was evaluated for monitoring wireworm populations in four commercial cereal fields in Montana. Pitfall and stocking traps collected greater numbers of wireworm (1625 and 1575, respectively) followed by pot-type and canister-type traps (1173 and 725, respectively). The 5098 wireworm collected from four sites included seven species: Aeolus mellillus, Agriotes sp, Dalopius sp, Hypnoidus bicolor, Limonius californicus, Limonius infuscatus, and S. aeripennis.

Potent herbicidal activity of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. against Avena fatua L. and Amaranthus retroflexus L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujie Ma ◽  
Leilei Fu ◽  
Siqi He ◽  
Xiaopeng Lu ◽  
Yuanyong Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Herbicidal Activity

RoboWeedSupport - Detection of weed locations in leaf occluded cereal crops using a fully convolutional neural network

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 842-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dyrmann ◽  
R. N. Jørgensen ◽  
H. S. Midtiby
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Weed Detection ◽  
Cereal Fields

This paper presents a method for automating weed detection in colour images despite heavy leaf occlusion. A fully convolutional neural network is used to detect the weeds. The network is trained and validated on a total of more than 17,000 annotations of weeds in images from winter wheat fields, which have been collected using a camera mounted on an all-terrain vehicle. Hereby, the network is able to automatically detect single weed instances in cereal fields despite heavy leaf occlusion.

HEAVY METALS IN CULTIVATED SOILS AND IN CEREAL CROPS IN ALBERTA

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. DUDAS ◽  
S. PAWLUK
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Cereal Grain

The content of cadmium, cobalt, copper, mercury, manganese, nickel, strontium, lead and zinc in several agricultural soils in Alberta was investigated. The abundances of these heavy metals were found to be low and represent levels naturally present in uncontaminated soils. Both pedogenesis and nature of parent material influenced the levels of heavy metals in surface soil horizons. On a local scale, drainage and groundwater effects contributed significantly to heavy metal redistribution in soil. Levels of heavy metals were also determined in seeds and straw of cereal grain crops grown on the soils of this study. Vegetative samples generally contained low amounts of heavy metals and for some of the physiologically essential elements (Cu, Mn, Zn), amounts in the plant material were at or near deficiency levels. Amounts of cadmium, mercury and lead were generally significantly higher in straw than in respective seed samples.

scholarly journals Interaction of Insects and Weeds in a Snap Bean Agroecosystem

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph N. Aguyoh ◽  
John B. Masiunas ◽  
Catherine Eastman
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Trifoliate Leaf ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Bean Leaf Beetle ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Integrated weed management strategies maintain sub-threshold levels of weeds. The remaining weeds may impact the feeding and habitation patterns of both potato leafhoppers and bean leaf beetles in a snap bean agroecosystem. The objective of our study was to determine the effect of interference between snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and either redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) or large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L.) on populations of potato leafhopper [Empoasca fabae (Harris)] and bean leaf beetle [Cerotoma trifurcata (Forster)]. Plots were seeded with redroot pigweed or large crabgrass at either the same time as snap bean planting (early) or when snap bean had one trifoliate leaf open (late). The weed density averaged two plants per meter of row. Bean leaf beetle populations, snap bean pod damage, and leaf defoliation were lower in weed-free plots compared to those with either early emerging pigweed or crabgrass. Leafhopper nymphs and adults were 31% to 34% less in plots with crabgrass emerging with snap beans compared to those in weed-free snap bean plots. Thus, the effect of sub-threshold densities of pigweed and crabgrass on insect pests in snap bean varied depending on the species and should be considered when deciding to integrate weed management approaches.

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