Decay or Resilience?

This article examines the long-term impact of conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) on prosocial behavior in Sierra Leone. Two theoretical arguments are developed and tested. The first draws on the feminist literature and suggests the presence of a decay mechanism: victims and their families are stigmatized by their community and excluded from social networks. The second integrates new insights from social psychology, psychological trauma research, and anthropology, and argues for a resilience mechanism. It argues that CRSV-affected households have a strong incentive to remain part of their community and will invest more effort and resources into the community to avert social exclusion than unaffected households. Using data on 5,475 Sierra Leonean households, the author finds that exposure to CRSV increases prosocial behavior—cooperation, helping, and altruism—which supports the resilience hypothesis. The results are robust to an instrumental variable estimation. The ramifications of this finding go beyond the case of Sierra Leone and generate a more general question: What makes communities resilient to shocks and trauma?

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Psychological Trauma in the Context of Familial Relationships: A Concept Analysis

Trauma Violence & Abuse ◽

10.1177/1524838017726424 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 549-559 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sophie Isobel ◽

Melinda Goodyear ◽

Kim Foster

Keyword(s):

Psychological Trauma ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Concept Analysis ◽

Philosophical Inquiry ◽

Attachment Trauma ◽

Trauma Research ◽

Familial Relationships ◽

Conceptual Clarity ◽

Relational Trauma

Many forms of psychological trauma are known to develop interpersonally within important relationships, particularly familial. Within the varying theoretical constructs of psychological traumas, and distinct from the processes of diagnosis, there is a need to refine the scope and definitions of psychological traumas that occur within important familial relationships to ensure a cohesive evidence base and fidelity of the concept in application to practice. This review used a philosophical inquiry methodology of concept analysis to identify the definitions, antecedents, characteristics, and consequences of the varying conceptualizations of psychological trauma occurring within important relationships. Interactions between concepts of interpersonal trauma, relational trauma, betrayal trauma, attachment trauma, developmental trauma, complex trauma, cumulative trauma, and intergenerational trauma are presented. Understanding of the discrete forms and pathways of transmission of psychological trauma between individuals, including transgenerationally within families, creates opportunities for prevention and early intervention within trauma-focused practice. This review found that concepts of psychological trauma occurring within familial relationships are not exclusive of each other but overlap in their encompassment of events and circumstances as well as the effect on individuals of events in the short term and long term. These traumas develop and are transmitted in the space between people, both purposefully and incidentally, and have particularly profound effects when they involve a dependent infant or child. Linguistic and conceptual clarity is paramount for trauma research and practice.

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A Systematic Review of Recommendations of Long-Term Strategies for Researchers Using Data Science Techniques

Computers ◽

10.3390/computers10030035 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Gilberto Ayala-Bastidas ◽

Hector G. Ceballos ◽

Francisco J. Cantu-Ortiz

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Data Science ◽

Process Mining ◽

Research Strategies ◽

Scientific Content ◽

Open Research ◽

Using Data ◽

Long Term Impact ◽

The Impact

The impact of the strategies that researchers follow to publish or produce scientific content can have a long-term impact. Identifying which strategies are most influential in the future has been attracting increasing attention in the literature. In this study, we present a systematic review of recommendations of long-term strategies in research analytics and their implementation methodologies. The objective is to present an overview from 2002 to 2018 on the development of this topic, including trends, and addressed contexts. The central objective is to identify data-oriented approaches to learn long-term research strategies, especially in process mining. We followed a protocol for systematic reviews for the engineering area in a structured and respectful manner. The results show the need for studies that generate more specific recommendations based on data mining. This outcome leaves open research opportunities from two particular perspectives—applying methodologies involving process mining for the context of research analytics and the feasibility study on long-term strategies using data science techniques.

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“There Were Rapes!”: Sexual Assaults of African American Women and Children in Jim Crow

Violence Against Women ◽

10.1177/1077801216654016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (8) ◽

pp. 934-950 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ruth Thompson-Miller ◽

Leslie H. Picca

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

African American Women ◽

Jim Crow ◽

White Men ◽

Sexual Assaults ◽

American Women ◽

Using Data ◽

The 1960S ◽

Long Term Impact

Using data from 92 interviews, this article examines the narratives of African Americans’ experiences as children and young adults during Jim Crow in the Southeast and Southwest. It gives voice to the realities of sexual assaults committed by ordinary White men who systematically terrorized African American families with impunity after the post-Reconstruction south until the 1960s. The interviewees discuss the short- and long-term impact of physical, mental, emotional, and sexual assaults in their communities. We discuss the top four prevalent themes that emerged related to sexual assault, specifically (a) the normalization of sexual assaults, (b) protective measures to avoid White violence, (c) the morality of African American women, and (d) the long-term consequences of assaults on children.

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Gentrification in the wake of a hurricane: New Orleans after Katrina

Urban Studies ◽

10.1177/0042098018800445 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 56 (13) ◽

pp. 2763-2778 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Eric Joseph van Holm ◽

Christopher K Wyczalkowski

Keyword(s):

Hurricane Katrina ◽

New Orleans ◽

Storm Damage ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Census Tract Level ◽

Neighbourhood Change ◽

Using Data ◽

Long Term Impact ◽

The City

Hurricane Katrina struck the city of New Orleans in August of 2005, devastating the built environment and displacing nearly one-third of the city’s residents. Despite the considerable literature that exists concerning Hurricane Katrina, the storm’s long-term impact on neighbourhood change in New Orleans has not been fully addressed. In this article we analyse the potential for Hurricane Katrina to have contributed to patterns of gentrification during the city’s recovery one decade after the storm. We study the association between Hurricane Katrina and neighbourhood change using data on the damage from the storm at the census tract level and Freeman’s (2005) gentrification framework. We find that damage is positively associated with the likelihood of a neighbourhood gentrifying in New Orleans after one decade, which drives our recommendations for policy makers to take greater concern for their communities during the process of rebuilding from storm damage.

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The West Side Boys: military navigation in the Sierra Leone civil war

The Journal of Modern African Studies ◽

10.1017/s0022278x08003388 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 487-511 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Mats Utas ◽

Magnus Jörgel

Keyword(s):

Civil War ◽

Sierra Leone ◽

Military Training ◽

Political Strategies ◽

The West ◽

West Side ◽

Sierra Leonean ◽

Military Commanders ◽

Western Media

ABSTRACTThe West Side Boys were one of several military actors in the Sierra Leonean civil war (1991–2002). A splinter group of the army, the WSB emerged as a key player in 1999–2000. In most Western media accounts, the WSB appeared as nothing more than renegade, anarchistic bandits, devoid of any trace of long-term goals. By contrast, this article aims to explain how the WSB used well-devised military techniques in the field; how their history and military training within the Sierra Leone army shaped their notion of themselves and their view of what they were trying to accomplish; and, finally, how military commanders and politicians employed the WSB as a tactical instrument in a larger map of military and political strategies. It is in the politics of a military economy that this article is grounded.

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Stratospheric lifetimes of CFC-12, CCl4, CH4, CH3Cl and N2O from measurements made by the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment-Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS)

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ◽

10.5194/acpd-13-4221-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 4221-4287 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. T. Brown ◽

C. M. Volk ◽

M. R. Schoeberl ◽

C. D. Boone ◽

P. F. Bernath

Keyword(s):

Fourier Transform ◽

Atmospheric Chemistry ◽

Linear Trend ◽

Fourier Transform Spectrometer ◽

Chlorine Radicals ◽

Using Data ◽

Long Term Impact ◽

Atmospheric Concentrations ◽

Chemistry Experiment

Abstract. Long lived halogen-containing compounds are important atmospheric constituents since they can act both as a source of chlorine radicals, which go on to catalyse ozone loss, and as powerful greenhouse gases. The long term impact of these species on the ozone layer is dependent on their stratospheric lifetimes. Using observations from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) we present calculations of the stratospheric lifetimes of CFC-12, CCl4, CH4, CH3Cl and N2O. The lifetimes were calculated using the slope of the tracer-tracer correlation of these species with CFC-11 at the tropopause. The correlation slopes were corrected for the changing atmospheric concentrations of each species based on age of air and CFC-11 measurements from samples taken aboard the Geophysica aircraft – along with the effective linear trend of the VMR from tropical ground-based AGAGE sites. Stratospheric lifetimes were calculated using a CFC-11 lifetime of 45 yr. These calculations produced values of 113 + (−) 26 (18) yr (CFC-12), 35 + (−) 11 (7) yr (CCl4), 195 + (−) 75 (42) yr (CH4), 69 + (−) 65 (23) yr (CH3Cl) and 123 + (−) 53 (28) yr (N2O). The errors on these values are the weighted 1-σ non-systematic errors. The stratospheric lifetime of CH3Cl represents the first calculations of the stratospheric lifetime of CH3Cl using data from a space based instrument.

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Crisis Phones - Suicide Prevention Versus Suggestion/Contagion Effects

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000313 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 220-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Steven Stack

Keyword(s):

Suicide Prevention ◽

Contagion Effects ◽

Long Term Impact

Abstract. Background: There has been no systematic work on the short- or long-term impact of the installation of crisis phones on suicides from bridges. The present study addresses this issue. Method: Data refer to 219 suicides from 1954 through 2013 on the Skyway Bridge in St. Petersburg, Florida. Six crisis phones with signs were installed in July 1999. Results: In the first decade after installation, the phones were used by 27 suicidal persons and credited with preventing 26 or 2.6 suicides a year. However, the net suicide count increased from 48 in the 13 years before installation of phones to 106 the following 13 years or by 4.5 additional suicides/year (t =3.512, p < .001). Conclusion: Although the phones prevented some suicides, there was a net increase after installation. The findings are interpreted with reference to suggestion/contagion effects including the emergence of a controversial bridge suicide blog.

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