Investigations at “Julianos' Church” at Umm-el-Jemal

1957 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 39-66
Author(s):  
G. U. S. Corbett ◽  
J. M. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Century ◽  
Church Architecture ◽  
Important Respect ◽  
Princeton University ◽  
British School ◽  
Church Building ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church ◽  
Church Buildings

The main object of the expedition to Umm-el-Jemal, which was financed by the Walker Trust and sponsored by the British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem, in the summer of 1956, was to re-examine the evidence for the history of a church building which had been discovered and summarily surveyed by Professor H. C. Butler and the Princeton University Archaeological Expedition to Syria in the years 1904–1905. This was the church which the Princeton expedition named after a certain Julianos and dated to the year A.D. 344 on the basis of an inscription which they found lying in the ruins and which they associated (mistakenly, as it now seems) with the foundation of the church.Of the hundreds of church buildings which must have been constructed during the first half of the fourth century, very few are known to us, and a church with a recognisable plan and so early a date is a matter of considerable consequence in the study of the development of church architecture. It therefore seemed well worth while to make a special visit to the site of Julianos' church to verify the facts published by the Princeton Expedition; especially as their survey was a rather summary one and seemed, when the writer visited the site in 1953, to be mistaken in more than one important respect.

scholarly journals Finding one's way: contemporary churches of Ryazan in the works of priest Konstantin Kamyshanov

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 330-352
Author(s):  
Marina V. Knyazeva ◽  
Anastasia V. Korobova
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Church Architecture ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Photographic Recording ◽  
Track Record ◽  
Church Building ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fact Finding ◽  
Material Information ◽  
Church Buildings

Introduction. The research goal is to identify and analyze the architectural features of the orthodox church buildings, designed and built in Ryazan since the early 2000ies. A number of objectives are to be accomplished to achieve this pre-set goal: one must identify and study the church buildings constructed in Ryazan, analyze the space-planning solutions and break them down into typological groups; besides, one should study the biography of their architect, as his professional track record influences the city’s historical and architectural appearance. This research is focused on contemporary church architecture exemplified by orthodox church buildings. Materials and methods. Field studies serve as the backbone of this research which encompasses fact finding and photographic recording of the source material, information analysis and generalization, tabulation, making conclusions and formulating the opinion. Results. The co-authors have analyzed the problems of contemporary church architecture and made a brief analysis of the history of orthodox church building in Ryazan. The overview encompasses 12 orthodox church buildings constructed in 2000–2014, as well as the key facts and dates associated with their construction. The co-authors have also identified compositional and other unique features of the new church buildings. They have outlined the milestones in the creative biography of the architect who designed these items of contemporary church architecture. Conclusions. The research findings comprise a scholarly insight into contemporary church architecture. The analysis of new church buildings has helped to identify the features, peculiarities and architectural techniques, applied by the architect. The features, identified by the co-authors, define the appearance/typology of contemporary church buildings and their constructions.

What the church betokeneth: Placing the people at the heart of sacred space

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Varnam
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Middle English ◽  
Sacred Space ◽  
Church Architecture ◽  
The People ◽  
Church Building ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church ◽  
Church Buildings

This chapter examines the debate over the relationship between the church building and its community in orthodox and Lollard texts. The chapter begins with the allegorical reading of church architecture in William of Durandus’s Rationale divinorum officiorum and the Middle English What the Church Betokeneth, in which every member of the community has a designated place in the church. The chapter then discusses Lollard attempts to divorce the building from the people by critiquing costly material churches and their decorations in The Lanterne of Liȝt, Lollard sermons, and Pierce the Ploughman’s Crede. The chapter concludes by examining Dives and Pauper in the context of fifteenth-century investment in the church, both financial and spiritual, and argues that in practice church buildings were at the devotional heart of their communities.

scholarly journals Kirkeasyl og kirkebygg som hellig rom og tilfluktsted

2020 ◽  
pp. 129-148
Author(s):  
Ralph Meier
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Police Force ◽  
Sacred Places ◽  
Police Practice ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Church Building ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church ◽  
Church Buildings

The article has its starting point in church asylum as a phenomenon in Norway in the 1990s. It focuses on police practice related to church asylum and the rationale for this practice by state authorities in Norway. It also looks at the theological argumentation for church asylum in official church statements at that time in Norway. Both state authorities and the Church of Norway agree that church buildings do not have a special legal status and that church asylum is not a legal right. But the state authorities respect church asylum because of the understanding of churches as sacred places and protected areas. To better understand this view, the article also looks at the history of church buildings as sacred places. From a theological point of view, church asylum has its foundation historically both in the church building as a sacred room (loci reverentia) and in the Christian duty of helping people in need (intercessio). But the article also points out that the theological argumentation of church asylum based on the understanding of churches as sacred and protected places is no longer used, neither in Catholic nor in Protestant theology. The article concludes that the understanding of churches as sacred and protected places has its foundation in a long tradition that still exists in the population. This is also regarded as the reason why state authorities in Norway do not enter church buildings with police force.

The Ethics of the Empty Church: Anglicanism’s Need for a Theology of Architecture

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Whyte
Keyword(s):  
Spiritual Development ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
Historical Survey ◽  
Church Building ◽  
International Importance ◽  
University Of Manchester ◽  
The Church ◽  
Church Buildings

AbstractIn this polemical paper, produced for the Churches, Communities, and Society conference at the Lincoln Theological Institute, University of Manchester, I argue that the Church of England has failed to develop a coherent or convincing theology of architecture. Such a failure raises practical problems for an institution responsible for the care of 16,000 buildings, a quarter of which are of national or international importance. But it has also, I contend, produced an impoverished understanding of architecture’s role as an instrument of mission and a tool for spiritual development. Following a historical survey of attitudes towards church buildings, this paper explores and criticizes the Church of England’s current engagement with its architecture. It raises questions about what has been done and what has been said about churches. It argues that the Church of England lacks a theology of church building and church closing, and calls for work to develop just such a thing.

Past Belief

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-40
Author(s):  
Anthony Grafton
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Saint Augustine ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Early History ◽  
Ecclesiastical History ◽  
Royal Road ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Church

This chapter examines the centrality of early modern ecclesiastical history, written by Catholics as well as Protestants, in the refinement of research techniques and practices anticipatory of modern scholarship. To Christians of all varieties, getting the Church's early history right mattered. Eusebius's fourth-century history of the Church opened a royal road into the subject, but he made mistakes, and it was important to be able to ferret them out. Saint Augustine was recognized as a sure-footed guide to the truth about the Church's original and bedrock beliefs, but some of the Saint's writings were spurious, and it was important to be able to separate the wheat from the chaff. To distinguish true belief from false, teams of religious scholars gathered documents; the documents in turn were subjected to skeptical scrutiny and philological critique; and sources were compared and cited. The practices of humanistic scholarship, it turns out, came from within the Catholic Church itself as it examined its own past.

Sermons and the Performance of Historiographical Authority in the Construction of the Roman Catholic Built Landscape, 1880–1890

2020 ◽  
pp. 118-136
Author(s):  
Niamh NicGhabhann
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Roman Catholic Church ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
Church Building ◽  
The Many ◽  
New Buildings ◽  
The Church ◽  
Church Buildings

During the nineteenth century, infrastructures of devotion and religious worship in Ireland changed dramatically. By 1900, the landscape was transformed by the presence of highly decorated, prominent church buildings. The many building projects of the Roman Catholic church were highly dependent on donations and fundraising. This essay explores the extent to which historical narratives, images, and ideas were used in order to motivate donations, and to develop a sense of community engagement with these new buildings as both symbols of past persecution overcome, and future spiritual glory. It explores sermons and speeches associated with new church building projects as sites for the performance of historiographical authority, and traces the emergence of key narratives of identity and memory, which were powerfully expressed through the spaces and architectural forms of the church buildings.

Ritual Settings II

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-79
Author(s):  
Robert G. Ousterhout
Keyword(s):  
Sacred Space ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Early Church ◽  
Spiritual Needs ◽  
Popular Piety ◽  
Church Building ◽  
Cult Of Saints ◽  
Private Devotion ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Church

How did the church building become sacred space? This chapter examines the second model: sanctity as represented by the presence of relics or the tombs of martyrs and saints. The popularity of the refrigerium in the fourth century provides ample testimony to the attraction of the tombs of saints and martyrs to the early church. And although the official celebrations ad sanctos were terminated by the end of the century, the cult of saints continued, finding an outlet in the practice of pilgrimage and the veneration of relics. While both were accepted customs, neither was officially sanctioned by the church. They may be best understood as manifestations of popular piety or of private devotion, satisfying the spiritual needs of the individual.

Melania the Elder: A Biographical Note

Traditio ◽  
1947 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 59-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis X. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Century ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Biographical Note ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church

Thanks to several biographical studies based on Cardinal Rampolla's monumental Santa Melania giuniore, senatrice Romana, the history of the early-fifth-century heiress and ascetic, Melania the Younger, is fairly well known. Her grandmother, Melania the Elder was an even more notable figure in the history of the Church during the second half of the fourth century. She is of particular importance in tracing the history of late-fourth-century asceticism and monasticism. Round her career, in a way, revolve many of the historical and chronological problems in connection with Jerome and Rufinus of Aquileia, Paulinus of Nola and Severus Sulpicius. Details of her travels are our surest approach to datings and to the authenticity of much of the material found in Palladius' Lausiac History. At the same time, she was an extremely interesting, well-travelled, and forceful figure coming at the apex of the western patristic period. Hence her career bears pointed scrutiny.

ARCHAEOLOGY AND THE ‘ARIAN CONTROVERSY’ IN THE FOURTH CENTURY

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-263
Author(s):  
David M. Gwynn
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Material Evidence ◽  
The Church ◽  
Archaeological Approach ◽  
Arian Controversy

The so-called ‘Arian Controversy’ that divided the Christian Church in the 4th c. has been the subject of considerable scholarly debate in recent decades. The literary sources from which the majority of our knowledge of the controversy derives are highly polemical and distorted, written almost exclusively from the perspective of those whose positions would come to be accepted as ‘orthodox’, and this in turn has directly influenced scholarly interpretations of the material evidence from this crucial period in the history of the Church. In this paper I wish to reconsider that material evidence and ask how an archaeological approach independent of the biases of our literary sources might broaden our understanding of the controversy and its impact upon the 4th c. Roman empire.

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