La cronologia della prima eta del ferro laziale attraverso i dati delle sepolture

1994 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 1-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Bettelli
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Short Account ◽  
Italian Peninsula ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Relative Chronology ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Chronological Sequence ◽  
Points Of View

THE CHRONOLOGY OF THE EARLY IRON AGE IN LATIUM AS REVEALED BY BURIAL DATAIn this paper the problem of the chronology of early Iron Age (ninth-eighth century BC) burials in Latium is considered. Since the beginning of the sixties many scholars have considered this problem from different points of view. Müller-Karpe suggested a relative chronology which, in general terms, is still in use. In recent years a considerable increase in the amount of archaeological evidence has made it necessary to revise the chronological sequence. It has been possible to design a table which associates graves with metal and pottery types. In this table Müller-Karpe's phases are divided into two subphases which are related to different stages in the development of the early Iron Age in the Italian peninsula. On the basis of this chronology it seems that use of the necropolis of the Forum ceased at the end of phase IIA1, with an early moving of burials of the Esquiline area.A short account is also given of the questions which relate to absolute chronology, and an attempt is made to relate the phases of the early Iron Age in Latium, and in the Italian peninsula in general, to recent dates proposed for the late Urnfield culture in central Europe.

Formation of the Phrygian state: the Early Iron Age at Gordion

2000 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 37-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary M. Voigt ◽  
Robert C. Henrickson
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
European Language ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

A brief history of archaeological research at Gordion Piecing together documentary sources from areas to the east and west of Anatolia, historians agree that in the eighth century BC, central Anatolia was dominated by people who spoke an Indo-European language, Phrygian (Mellink 1991: 621; Muscarella 1995: 92 with refs). From historical sources we also know the location of the Phrygians' capital, Gordion: Quintus Curtius (Hist Alex III.1–2) states that the city lay on the Sangarios River ‘equally distant from the Pontic and Cilician Seas’. Using this description, Gustav and Augustus Körte travelled across Turkey more than a century ago looking for the physical remains of Gordion and Phrygia. They eventually focused on a mound lying adjacent to the Sangarios or modern Sakarya. The mound, now called Yassıhöyük, is large relative to others in the region, and lies in the proper geographical setting for ancient Gordion; a series of artificial mounds or tumuli scattered across nearby slopes provides additional evidence of the settlement's importance.

Bronze Age Settlements in Norfolk

1932 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Apling
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
General Level ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Short Account ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
To Come ◽  
Soil Excavation ◽  
The Bronze Age

In 1922 Miss N. F. Layard gave as her presidential address an account of some prehistoric cooking-places, which she had discovered near a stream at Buckenham Tofts, Norfolk (Proc., P.S.E.A., Vol. III., Part IV.). One of the hearths excavated consisted of a triangular mass of calcined flints, up to two feet in depth, and covering an area of over 100 square yards. This was on one end of a mound rising about ten feet above the general level of the swamp bordering the stream. Amongst this material were found several flint implements, including knives typical of the Bronze Age. There were also found two sherds of pottery corresponding closely to a known Bronze Age type, though this also continued into the Early Iron Age.Knowing nothing of Miss Layard's discoveries, in 1927 I came across similar deposits of pot-boilers, etc., at Hoe, near East Dereham. These are on either side of a small stream, which eventually runs into the River Wensum. Mr. Sainty and Mr. Newnham were good enough to come over and examine them, and Mr. Newnham subsequently gave a short account of them at the December meeting that year (Proc., P.S.E.A., Vol. V., Part III. page 311).I was able to revisit the site in June this year (1931), and at one place where, however, there was hardly a mound at all, a layer of pot-boilers, 6 ins. deep, was found under about 6 ins. of turf and soil. Excavation of an area 12 feet by 8 feet produced nearly a pailful of pottery fragments, three dozen scrapers, and an implement of the bone-breaker type, besides numbers of flakes and cores.

Funerary practices and sacerdotal rank in pre-Roman northern and central Italy: new data for interpreting the ‘ritual shovel’

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 312-326
Author(s):  
Federica Sacchetti
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Metal Object ◽  
Funerary Practices ◽  
Object A ◽  
Po Valley ◽  
Chronological Sequence ◽  
Ritual Practices

In Early Iron Age cultures (the Golasecca, Este and Villanovan/Etruscan of the Po valley in the 7th-4th c. B.C.), a characteristic metal object has often been linked to unspecified ritual practices of protohistoric Italic peoples, raising various archaeological, anthropological and religious questions. This object, a ‘ritual shovel’ (Italian: paletta rituale; German: Bronzepalette) was first described by G. Ghirardini, who published two examples, one from Padua and one in Rome's Pigorini Museum. In 1902, he drew up a catalogue of 13 pieces and attempted to establish the first chronological sequence. During the first half of the 19th c., various pieces were published, but no studies addressed the typological, chronological and functional questions relating to the ritual shovel until M. Zuffa focused on it, providing what is still the most recent catalogue and the only discussion (fig. 1).

scholarly journals Around 1000 BC. Absolute dates for the Final Bronze Age – Early Iron Age transition in Italy: wiggle-match 14C dating of two tree-trunk coffins from Celano

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Van der Plicht ◽  
A.J. Nijboer
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Tree Trunk ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
Oak Wood ◽  
Italian Peninsula ◽  
Abruzzo Region ◽  
The Bronze Age

At Celano (Abruzzo region, Italy), rare tumulus tombs of the Final Bronze Age were excavated, yielding waterlogged coffins of oak wood. Two tombs were dated by Wiggle-Match Dating (WMD), using the conventional 14C method. This shows that the tumuli were erected around 1030 BC, while the associated artefacts in the sarcophagi are attributable to the final stages of the Bronze Age (FBA) in Italy. Fibulae similar to those found in both tombs at Celano are recovered in modest numbers all over the Italian peninsula and even in Croatia and nearby regions (Glogović 2003; von Merhart 1969, pls. 4, 5, 7). Our date of ca. 1030 BC for the last stages of the Bronze Age in Italy has consequences for the beginning of the Iron Age, which should start around 1000-950 BC, an assessment that is consistent with other radiocarbon sequences obtained for Italy, such as the sequence for Latium Vetus and elsewhere in the western Mediterranean.

Note on Spectacle Fibulae and Horses

1952 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 119-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Benton
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Steel Tool ◽  
Geometric Elements

Marmariani.—In JHS LXX, 18 I attempted to show that there were Late Geometric elements in some of the vases from the tholos tombs, and that therefore the spectacle brooches found with them need not necessarily belong to the Early Iron Age. Since then I have had a demonstration from Mr. Maryon of the use of steel and bronze tools (see AJA LIII, 116), and it is now clear to me that the ‘rocking’ pattern on the bracelets from Marmariani (BSA XXXI, 34, nos. 9 and 10) must have been made with a steel tool, and cannot date from the beginning of theIron Age, as Heurtley supposed. Since bronze is more difficult to work than gold, they are not likely to be earlier than the Elgin brooches, which themselves probably belong to the second half of the eighth century. Tomb 1 at Marmariani contains both a spectacle brooch and one of the bracelets.

Xinjiang Mohuchahan cemetery (Chawuhu culture) in the Tien Shan foothills

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.I. Shulga ◽  
◽  
D.P. Shulga ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Caucasian Population ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Funeral Rite ◽  
The Third ◽  
Relative Chronology ◽  
History Of

Th is study is the third book of the author’s series dedicated to the Scythian-like cultures in China. Th e book investigates China materials from the Mohuchahan cemetery belonging to the Chawuhu culture in the period of 9th–8th centuries BC. Th is cemetery is one of the earliest sites found in the Eastern Scythian world. Th e representative data on funeral rite and goods used by the Chawuhu population that had lived a century earlier than anticipated was fi rst obtained at this site containing 235 burials. Th e relative chronology of four burial groups identifi ed in the cemetery with the goods being gradually modifi ed in the 9th–8th centuries BC is of particular importance. Th e Caucasian population who left the Mohuchahan cemetery was found to maintain ties with the Southern Siberian and Kazakhstan cultures at an early stage, which suggests a much wider distribution of such transitional sites. Th e monograph is intended for archaeologists and scientists engaged in studying the history of the Eastern Scythian world as well as the features of transition from the late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age.

scholarly journals The chronology and periodization of the Bronze and the early Iron Age burial ground in Domasław, Wrocław district, based on radiocarbon dating

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 31-48
Author(s):  
Tomasz Goslar
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Relative Chronology ◽  
Characteristic Features

The article presents the results of the radiocarbon dating and Bayesian analysis of 14C dates of bones from the burial ground in Domasław. The Bayesian analysis used the relative chronology obtained based on the characteristic features of grave goods and the assigning of individual burials to specific periods of the late Bronze Age (III EB – V EB ) or the early Iron Age (HC – LtA). A coherent chronological model of the burial ground was accepted after assuming that graves with transitional features, attributable to two subsequent periods, could have been contemporary of graves from one or the other period. The temporal frames of particular periods calculated by the model allow us to improve previously published chronological diagrams of the late Bronze Age and the early Iron Age in the region.  

Archaeological Investigations at Mavis Grind, Shetland

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Cracknell ◽  
Beverley Smith
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Field System ◽  
M 10 ◽  
Settlement Site

Summary The excavations revealed a stone house and showed that it was oval, 13 m × 10 m, with an interior about 7 m in diameter. In the first occupation phase the entrance was on the SE side. During the second phase this entrance was replaced with one to the NE and the interior was partitioned. The roof was supported on wooden posts. After the building was abandoned it was covered with peat-ash which was subsequently ploughed. There were numerous finds of steatite-tempered pottery and stone implements, which dated the site to late Bronze/early Iron Age. The second settlement, Site B, lay by the shore of the voe and consisted of two possible stone-built houses and a field system. Two trenches were dug across the structures and the results are reported in Appendix I. Although damaged in recent years it was in no further danger.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document