Case Report: Unilateral Sixth Cranial Nerve Palsy Associated With COVID-19 in a 2-year-old Child

Children have been described to show neurological symptoms in acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). We present a 2-year-old boy's clinical course of unilateral acute sixth nerve palsy in the context of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Onset of the palsy in the otherwise healthy boy occurred seven days after symptoms attributed to acute infection had subsided respectively 3 weeks after onset of respiratory symptoms. SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG was detected in serum as well as in cerebrospinal fluid. The patient showed a prolonged but self-limiting course with a full recovery after three and a half months. This case illustrates in a detailed chronological sequence that sixth cranial nerve involvement may occur as post-infectious, self-limiting complication of pediatric SARS-CoV-2-infection thus expanding the neurological spectrum of symptoms for children with COVID-19. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of post-infectious sixth nerve palsy related to SARS-CoV-2-infection particularly in view of recent respiratory tract infection or confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2-infection amongst the patient's close contacts.

HISTORYOGRAPHY OF THE OF DEVELOPMENT THE CONTINUOUS PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHER TRAINING TO WORK IN THE INCLUSIVE EDUCATION CONDITIONS IN THE UKRAINE (END OF THE XX – START OF THE XXI CENT.)

The article analyzes the views of scientists on the specified problem of study. It is specified that the problem of continuous primary school teacher training to work in the conditions of inclusive education that we studied is a certain chronological sequence of transformations of different visions and it is relevant to the sphere of scientific and pedagogical search. We made a scientific analysis of the studies and clarified the definition of some concepts. It is specified, that we understand the historiography of development the continuous primary school teacher training to work in a conditions of inclusive education as a totality of research scientific and pedagogical works directed on the study of the specified problem from the time of its actualization due to today and the main its task we see in the objective coverage of the history of the issue of continuous primary school teacher preparation to work in conditions of inclusive education with taking into account the transformation of the ideas and views on the problem, studied by us. We generalized the sources processed by us on the basis of the analysis in the historiographical dimension into the two groups: continuous primary school teacher training from the end of XX cent. due to today; The history of inclusive education in the Ukraine from the end of XX cent. due to today.

Neurodevelopmental Preparedness for Language in the Neonatal Brain

Neonates show broad-based, universal speech perception abilities, allowing them to acquire any language. Moreover, an increasing body of research shows that prenatal experience with speech, which is a low-pass signal mainly preserving prosody, already shapes those abilities. In this review, we first provide a summary of the empirical evidence available today on newborns’ universal and experience-modulated speech perception abilities. We then interpret these findings in a new framework, focusing on the role of the prenatal prosodic experience in speech perception development. We argue that the chronological sequence of infants’ experience with speech, starting before birth with a low-pass filtered signal and continuing with the full-band signal after birth, sets up the prosodic hierarchy and a cascade of embedded neural oscillations as its brain correlate, laying the foundations for language acquisition. Prosody, constituting infants’ very first experience with language, may thus play a fundamental role in speech perception and language development.

Updating the Abstract-Concrete Distinction in Ancient Near Eastern Numbers

The characterization of early token-based accounting using a concrete concept of number, later numerical notations an abstract one, has become well entrenched in the literature. After reviewing its history and assumptions, this article challenges the abstract-concrete distinction, presenting an alternative view of change in Ancient Near Eastern number concepts, wherein numbers are abstract from their inception and materially bound when most elaborated. The alternative draws on the chronological sequence of material counting technologies used in the Ancient Near East—fingers, tallies, tokens, and numerical notations—as reconstructed through archaeological and textual evidence and as interpreted through Material Engagement Theory, an extended-mind framework in which materiality plays an active role (Malafouris 2013).

Character and Non-character in Art Song

<p><b>Whom is a singer portraying when performing? While this is a straightforward question in opera where there is usually a concrete character to play, it is not always obvious in art song. The persona that the singer portrays in art song is not always clearly delineated: they may be a familiar figure, a nameless wanderer, a detached narrator, or even a disembodied consciousness. The outburst of singing may be an act of soliloquy or an internal thought process. It could occur as part of a chronological sequence of events or perhaps fall outside of time entirely. These portrayals require different embodied instincts from those in operatic singing.</b></p> <p>My exegesis explores some of the different kinds of vocal personae one can portray in art song performance. I posit a framework within which I categorise my personal methods of performance, relating to how an audience member might perceive these personae in relation to themselves. With reference to four selected solo vocal works, I detail how my application of this framework informs my performance, resulting in a unique embodiment of these abstract personae.</p>

Character and Non-character in Art Song

<p><b>Whom is a singer portraying when performing? While this is a straightforward question in opera where there is usually a concrete character to play, it is not always obvious in art song. The persona that the singer portrays in art song is not always clearly delineated: they may be a familiar figure, a nameless wanderer, a detached narrator, or even a disembodied consciousness. The outburst of singing may be an act of soliloquy or an internal thought process. It could occur as part of a chronological sequence of events or perhaps fall outside of time entirely. These portrayals require different embodied instincts from those in operatic singing.</b></p> <p>My exegesis explores some of the different kinds of vocal personae one can portray in art song performance. I posit a framework within which I categorise my personal methods of performance, relating to how an audience member might perceive these personae in relation to themselves. With reference to four selected solo vocal works, I detail how my application of this framework informs my performance, resulting in a unique embodiment of these abstract personae.</p>

Program-Based Construction of Scientific Visualization

Scientific Visualization remains an integral and inevitable part of every meaningful scientific, industrial and academic research. The focus of this study is to demystify the evolution, design and programmatic construction of scientific visualizations. Real life demonstrations have been achieved in this work using Python Programming Language. This work begins by exploring the programming environment based on a Python Integrated Development Environment (IDE) – the Anaconda. The IDE usage was shown in a chronological sequence with accompanying visual outcomes. The use of plot libraries was discussed, and implemented in real life. One of the demonstration projects is the Zig-Zag plot. Studies were also done on sub-plotting, and how it is used in scientific visualizations, especially where there is necessity to generate variations of outputs originating from a singular dataset. The work also explores the use of pie charts for presentations. A real-life case of how this could be used to visualize the halls of a residential university was demonstrated, with each of the data components labelled in distinct colours. It is hoped that this work will serve as a foothold and useful guide to researchers and other practitioners involved in real life scientific visualization.

Time in Neurogenesis: Conservation of the Developmental Formation of the Cerebellar Circuitry

The cerebellum is a conserved structure of vertebrate brains that develops at the most anterior region of the alar rhombencephalon. All vertebrates display a cerebellum, making it one of the most highly conserved structures of the brain. Although it greatly varies at the morphological level, several lines of research point to strong conservation of its internal neural circuitry. To test the conservation of the cerebellar circuit, we compared the developmental history of the neurons comprising this circuit in three amniote species: mouse, chick, and gecko. We specifically researched the developmental time of generation of the main neuronal types of the cerebellar cortex. This developmental trajectory is known for the mammalian cell types but barely understood for sauropsid species. We show that the neurogenesis of the GABAergic lineage proceeds following the same chronological sequence in the three species compared: Purkinje cells are the first ones generated in the cerebellar cortex, followed by Golgi interneurons of the granule cell layer, and lately by the interneurons of the molecular layer. In the cerebellar glutamatergic lineage, we observed the same conservation of neurogenesis throughout amniotes, and the same vastly prolonged neurogenesis of granule cells, extending much further than for any other brain region. Together these data show that the cerebellar circuitry develops following a tightly conserved chronological sequence of neurogenesis, which is responsible for the preservation of the cerebellum and its function. Our data reinforce the developmental perspective of homology, whereby similarities in neurons and circuits are likely due to similarities in developmental sequence.

Cultural and historical preconditions for the formation and development of piano art in Rivne region

Purpose of the article. The article reveals the historical dynamics of piano art of Rivne region and its formation at the present stage of development. Methodology. The concept of the study is based on the application of a set of scientific methods, namely: historical - involved in the chronological sequence of analysis of scientific publications; system approach that summarizes the achievements of piano art of Rivne region at the present stage of its development. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the implementation of a comprehensive musicological analysis of piano performance as a phenomenon of Ukrainian culture. An assessment of the historical preconditions for the development of piano art is given. The ways of formation and development of piano art in Rivne region are determined. Conclusions. Based on the factual material, it is established that the piano art of Rivne region has reached the stage of maturity in its development. Evidence of this is the rapid growth of piano art (performance and pedagogy) of the region and the saturation of this process with positive changes. The main factor in the formation of the piano art of the region is the borrowing and assimilation of national musical heritage.

LEGAL SUPPORT TO THE PROTECTION OF LAND AND SOIL IN LIGHT OF NEW REGULATIONS OF UKRAINE

In this article, regulations on land and soil protection are studied in a chronological sequence and in the historical and legal contexts. The main factors responsible for the deterioration of the quality of land resources and the soil environment are identified. The modern regulatory framework providing legal support to land and soil protection is analyzed. Among the current problems is the improper land-use triggered by inadequate legal regulation concerning pollution, depletion, degradation, and reduced fertility of soil. Appropriate legal protection to the ecological functions of the soil is absent. Further legal framework addressing rational use and protection of land resources (including soil) in Ukraine should be developed integrating environmental interests of society and ecological tenets of sustainable development.