The Geological Age of the Cromer Forest Bed

1951 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto Azzaroli
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
British Museum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Present Writer ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Faunal Assemblage ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
Modern Species ◽  
Geological Age ◽  
Primitive Species

The present writer has had recently the opportunity to carry out a revision of the deer of the Cromer Forest Bed series of East Anglia. The entire work is to be published in the Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). The stratigraphical conclusions will be summarized here.The occurrence of relatively archaic species together with more modern species in the Forest Bed fauna has puzzled many palaeontologists. Whereas the older authors concluded that it was wholly Pliocene (Reid, 1890, with bibliography) or partially or totally derived (Dubois, 1905), more recently a tendency has become prevalent to attribute the whole fauna to the early Pleistocene, and to explain the more archaic species as relics (Osborn, 1922; Zeuner, 1945). It may be shown that all these interpretations are untenable.A Pliocene age is ruled out by the presence of species which immigrated into Europe after the close of the Villafranchian. On the other hand, the older representatives, once attributed to the Pliocene but actually of Upper Villafranchian age, do not constitute isolated relics: an entire faunal assemblage characteristic of that epoch is present. Moreover, primitive species occur in the Forest Bed fauna together with their more advanced descendants, and the fauna is richer in species than in any other locality.

III.—A Synopsis of the Remains of Ganoid Fishes from the Cambridge Greensand

1895 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Smith Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Present Writer ◽  
The Past ◽  
Private Collection ◽  
Definition Of

The remains of fishes discovered in the Cambridge Greensand are all very fragmentary, and have not hitherto been subjected to the detailed comparison with other Cretaceous Ichthyolites which their interesting stratigraphical position renders desirable. Many specimens, however, are capable of at least generic determination, while many others are sufficiently characteristic fragments for the definition of the species. The present writer has thus been much interested during the past few years in studying collections of these fossils, and the following notes embody some of the results in reference to the ganoid fishes. The British Museum (Natural History) having recently acquired the collection made from the Cambridge Greensand by Mr. Thomas Jesson, F.G.S., nearly all the known species are now represented here; but the writer has also availed himself of the privilege of making use of the fine series in the Woodwardian Museum, Cambridge, and the Philosophical Society's Museum, York, thanks to the kindness of Professor McKenny Hughes, Mr. Henry Woods, and Mr. H. M. Platnauer. Mr. James Carter, M.R.C.S., has also kindly lent some Pycnodont jaws from his private collection

Four Moths of the Family Limacodidae injurious to Coconut Palms

1930 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. T. Tams
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Gold Coast ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Family ◽  
Imperial Institute

Of the four moths dealt with in this paper, three are known to damage coconut palms in Celebes, and the fourth behaves similarly in the Gold Coast. Three of the species are here described as new. The opportunity has been taken to figure the larvae as well as the imagines of the Celebes species, and to include figures of Orthocraspeda catenatus, Snellen, of which two larvae and a pair of imagines were received with the other Celebes material. The short descriptions of the larvae are taken, with slight modifications, from Mr. A. Reyne's letter which accompanied the specimens. All the material concerned has been generously presented to the British Museum (Natural History) by the Director of the Imperial Institute of Entomology.

Hand-Axes later than the Main Coombe-Rock of the Lower Thames Valley

1936 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. T. Burchell
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Present Note ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Cold Period ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
Boulder Clay ◽  
South East England ◽  
Culture Sequence ◽  
Factory Site

Archaeologists in France have for many years recognized hand-axes of St. Acheul facies in association with flake-implements of Levallois type, which are contemporary with the mid-Pleistocene deposits of the Somme valley. Their place in the culture-sequence is after the cold period that produced the main Coombe-rock of South-East England, and the Little Eastern or Upper Chalky Boulder-clay of East Anglia. The Coombe-rock referred to overwhelmed the Levallois II factory-site at Baker's Hole, Northfleet, Kent.In England, however, it has taken much longer to trace these mid-Pleistocene hand-axes in contemporary beds. The first was found by the late F. G. Spurrell on the classic ‘floor’ at the base of the Crayford Brickearth, though it was not until quite recently that the correct age of the Crayford series was determined. This specimen is now in the British Museum (Natural History), but is not figured in the present note.

scholarly journals I. Contributions to the history of the pleiocene and pleistocene deer. Part I. Cervus verticornis, Cervus savini

1885 ◽  
Vol 38 (235-238) ◽  
pp. 345-345 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Large Series ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Geological Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

The numerous cervine remains which occur in the various collections in Britain and on the Continent have been studied by the author for the last twenty-five years, and in this communication two species, the one hitherto ill-defined, and the other new to science, have been described. The first, or Cervus verticornis , Dawkins, remarkable for the singular forward and downward curvature of the first tine, is represented by a large series of skulls and antlers, which enable the author to define the changes in antler-form from youth to old age, as well as to relegate it to the division of deer with palmated antlers, and to establish its geological age to be Pleiocene, and early Pleistocene, in Norfolk and Suffolk.

VII.—Note on Zieten's Type-Specimens of Ammonites polygonius and Ammonites discoides

1900 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 561-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Crick
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type Specimens

The presence of Zieten's type-specimen of Ammonites calcar in the British Museum (Natural History) among some fossils which were bought of Dr. Bruckmann naturally suggested an examination of the other fossil Cephalopoda obtained from the same source, in the hope of finding other type-specimens. Thus far, the result of this examination has been the discovery of two more of Zieten's types; these are the type-specimens of (i) Ammonites polygonius and (ii) Ammonites discoides.

VII. On the Scelidothere (Scelidotherium leptocephalum, Owen)

1857 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
British Museum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Extinct Species ◽  
Northern Patagonia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Peculiar Character ◽  
Osseous System

The extinct species of large terrestrial Sloth, indicated by the above name, was first made known by portions of its fossil skeleton discovered by Charles Darwin, Esq., F. R. S., at Punta Alta, Northern Patagonia, which were described by me in the chapters of the Appendix to the ‘Natural History of the Voyage of H. M. S. Beagle,’ treating of the “Fossil Mammalia” collected during that voyage. The subsequent acquisition by the British Museum of the collection of Fossil Mammalia brought from the pleistocene beds, Buenos Ayres, by M. Bravard, has given further evidence of the generic distinction of the Scelidothere from the other Gravigrades of the Bruta phylophaga , and has supplied important characters of the osseous system, and especially of the skull, which the fragments from the hard consolidated gravel of Punta Alta did not afford. The best portion of the cranium from the latter locality wanted the facial part anterior to the orbit, and the greater part of the upper walls; sufficient, however, remained to indicate the peculiar character of its slender proportions, and hence the name leptocephalum proposed for the species.

On Certain Palaeozoic Bryozoa in the British Museum (Natural History)

1930 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Nekhoroshev
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Natural History ◽  
British Museum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Altai Mountains ◽  
Intensive Study ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Apparent Absence ◽  
European Species ◽  
American Authors

While working for several years on Palaeozoic Bryozoa with the aim of establishing the Palaeozoic stratigraphy of the Altai Mountains on the basis of the Bryozoan faunas, I have always been aware of a great contradiction. The works of American authors showed clearly that the stratigraphic importance of the Bryozoa is not inferior to that of any other group of fossils, whilst in the works of newer European authors the Palaeozoic Bryozoa were not only deprived of any significant rôle, but often even quite ignored. Owing to this, there arose a question whether the Palaeozoic Bryozoa have a universal distribution like, for instance, the Brachiopoda; or whether there is in North America a special Bryozoan fauna of stratigraphic importance locally, but absent from other parts of the globe. The study of the Siberian Palaeozoic Bryozoa showed a number of forms so far known only from North America, and this suggested that the apparent absence of “American” forms in the other parts of the globe is owing to the lack of intensive study given to the Palaeozoic Bryozoan faunas outside North America. Through the kindness of Dr. Nalivkin, who handed over to me several Bryozoa collected by him in the Middle Devonian of Germany, I was able to confirm this suggestion and I decided to examine, if possible, the existing collections of Palaeozoic Bryozoa of Europe. This appeared the more necessary because, although Palaeozoic Bryozoa were originally described by European authors, yet the species described by them were quite ignored by later American writers. Clearly then, if a comparison of the European with the American Palaeozoic Bryozoa were made, it would be likely that the trivial names of some American species would be replaced by the prior trivial names of European species. To make this comparison, I visited during the winter of 1928–1929 some of the most important museums of Europe, in which I could find either the type specimens of the European Bryozoa, or merely rich collections of topotypes. A revision of the material contained in the museums of Berlin, Munich, Bonn, Prague, Paris and London wholly confirmed my view, namely, that the “American” forms of Palaeozoic Bryozoa were universally distributed, but hitherto had been described and figured, often quite incorrectly, as distinct genera.

Occurrence of a Larval Cestode in the Red Locust Nomadacris septemfasciata Serv

Parasitology ◽  
1935 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-555
Author(s):  
A. M. Gwynn ◽  
A. G. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
British Museum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nomadacris Septemfasciata ◽  
Red Locust ◽  
Imperial Institute ◽  
First Time

A Parasite which proves to be the cysticercoid of a Cestode was discovered by one of us (A. M. G.) in the course of work on the locust problem in British Chad in 1933–4. The material was sent to the Imperial Institute of Entomology, London, where the other author (A. G. H.) undertook the microscopic examination, measurement and description of the specimens and determined their nature. This is the first time a Cestode larva has been recorded in Acrididae and, as far as can be ascertained, in Orthoptera generally. The original slides have been deposited at the British Museum (Natural History).

The Lorisoid GenusArctocebus: Observations Based on the Type Material

1946 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Osman Hill
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Natural History ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Original Description ◽  
The Other ◽  
History Museum ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
Primate Anatomy ◽  
The University ◽  
A New Species

Instudying the literature relating to that little-known prosimian, the Angwántibo—with a view to incorporating the main facts known about it in a comprehensive work on primate anatomy at present in preparation—I had occasion to consult the original description of the species by J. A. Smith (1860). I there discovered that the type was a spirit specimen (an “adult” male) which was received in Edinburgh, along with a second male, from Old Calabar. There is some confusion in the literature as to the fate of these specimens and this should, I think, be cleared up. Both specimens were procured in 1859 by Rev. A. Robb, one being sent, indirectly, to Smith and the other to Andrew Murray. Smith recognized in his specimen something new and accordingly described it as a new species of Potto, placing it in Bennett's genusPerodicticusasP. calabarensis. He gave an assurance of his intention of depositing the type in the Natural History Museum of the University of Edinburgh, but later sent it to his friend Carruthers at the British Museum for comparison with Bennett's type ofPerodicticus potto. Some useful observations were made upon it by Carruthers and incorporated as an addendum to Smith's paper. The specimen was evidently returned to Edinburgh and found its way to the University, but in 1860 it was transferred, with other material, to the Edinburgh Industrial Museum (since 1904 the Royal Scottish Museum).With the kind assistance of Professor J. Ritchie I have succeeded in tracing it, and with the permission of Dr D. A. Allan, Director of the Museum, and the helpful co-operation of Dr A. C. Stephen, Keeper of Natural History, I have had the privilege of studying it.

scholarly journals Notes on African blood-sucking midges (Family Chironomidae, Sub-family Ceratopogoninae), with descriptions of new species

1912 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest E. Austen
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Natural History ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Present Writer ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Blood Sucking

The identity of Culicoides habereri, Becker, with C. grahamii, Austen, is conclusively established as the result of a comparison of the typical series of the former with the type and para-types of the latter, which are preserved in the British Museum (Natural History). For the opportunity of making this comparison and thus proving the synonymy given above, the present writer is indebted to Dr. Kurt Lampert, of the Königl. Naturaliensammlung, Stuttgart, where the original material of C. habereri is preserved; with the most obliging courtesy Dr. Lampert not only forwarded for comparison the typical series described by Becker, but also presented three para-types of C. habereri to our National Collection.

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