Paleozoic dipnoan phylogeny: functional complexes and evolution without parsimony

Paleobiology ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. W. Campbell ◽  
R. E. Barwick
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Upper Devonian ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Dermal Bones

Attempts at understanding evolutionary relationships among Paleozoic Dipnoi (lungfish) using cladistic methodology have proved totally unsatisfactory (Miles 1977; Marshall 1987). We attempt to reconstruct the relationships between the better known genera using a method that involves the recognition of lineages based on evolving functional complexes, particularly those involved with food reduction and respiration. Within these broadly defined lineages, we have defined sub-lineages based on evolutionary patterns shown by structures that have been stratigraphically dated; such patterns are found inter alia in the roofing bones and the external dermal bones of the mandible. A number of new suborders and families are recognised; genera for which further morphological data are required before they can be assigned to a higher taxon are indicated; two generic synonyms are recognised.In appendices, short descriptions are given of two new genera—Pillararhynchus from the Gogo Formation (Upper Devonian) of Western Australia, and Sorbitorhynchus from the Emsian of Guangxi, China.

A molecular phylogeny of Callianassidae and related families (Crustacea : Decapoda : Axiidea) with morphological support

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Robles ◽  
Peter C. Dworschak ◽  
Darryl L. Felder ◽  
Gary C. B. Poore ◽  
Fernando L. Mantelatto
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Key Species ◽  
The Family

The axiidean families Callianassidae and Ctenochelidae, sometimes treated together as Callianassoidea, are shown to represent a monophyletic taxon. It comprises 265 accepted species in 74 genera, twice this number of species if fossil taxa are included. The higher taxonomy of the group has proved difficult and fluid. In a molecular phylogenetic approach, we inferred evolutionary relationships from a maximum-likelihood (ML) and Bayesian analysis of four genes, mitochondrial 16S rRNA and 12S rRNA along with nuclear histone H3 and 18S rRNA. Our sample consisted of 298 specimens representing 123 species plus two species each of Axiidae and Callianideidae serving as outgroups. This number represented about half of all known species, but included 26 species undescribed or not confidently identified, 9% of all known. In a parallel morphological approach, the published descriptions of all species were examined and detailed observations made on about two-thirds of the known fauna in museum collections. A DELTA (Description Language for Taxonomy), database of 135 characters was made for 195 putative species, 18 of which were undescribed. A PAUP analysis found small clades coincident with the terminal clades found in the molecular treatment. Bayesian analysis of a total-evidence dataset combined elements of both molecular and morphological analyses. Clades were interpreted as seven families and 53 genera. Seventeen new genera are required to reflect the molecular and morphological phylograms. Relationships between the families and genera inferred from the two analyses differed between the two strategies in spite of retrospective searches for morphological features supporting intermediate clades. The family Ctenochelidae was recovered in both analyses but the monophyly of Paragourretia was not supported by molecular data. The hitherto well recognised family Eucalliacidae was found to be polyphyletic in the molecular analysis, but the family and its genera were well defined by morphological synapomorphies. The phylogram for Callianassidae suggested the isolation of several species from the genera to which they had traditionally been assigned and necessitated 12 new generic names. The same was true for Callichiridae, with stronger ML than Bayesian support, and five new genera are proposed. Morphological data did not reliably reflect generic relationships inferred from the molecular analysis though they did diagnose terminal taxa treated as genera. We conclude that discrepancies between molecular and morphological analyses are due at least in part to missing sequences for key species, but no less to our inability to recognise unambiguously informative morphological synapomorphies. The ML analysis revealed the presence of at least 10 complexes wherein 2–4 cryptic species masquerade under single species names.

Clarification of the type series of Amphibolurus barbatus microlepidotus Glauert, 1952 (= Pogona microlepidota) (Reptilia: Squamata: Agamidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4457 (1) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
RYAN J. ELLIS
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
Type Series ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Glycol Solution ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Western Australian

Ludwig Glauert (1952, p. 168) established the name Amphibolurus barbatus microlepidotus (= Pogona microlepidota) for a new agamid species (family Agamidae) from the type locality of “Drysdale River Mission, North Kimberley”, Western Australia and listed two specimens of the Western Australian Museum (WAM) collected by “Rev. Father [Raymundus] Salinas” in July 1922 as “types”. The two registrations forming the type series presented by Glauert were WAM R591 and WAM R592, which in accordance with Article 72.1.1. of the International Code for Zoological Nomenclature (the Code; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999) are considered syntypes. The two registrations presented by Glauert in the original publication (WAM R591–592) are in error, both registrations are associated with specimens of other species not matching the description or collection data presented by Glauert in the original description of A. b. microlepidotus. The specimen associated with WAM R591 is a Pseudonaja affinis Günther, 1872 (Serpentes: Elapidae), collected by M. Sweeting from the suburb of Leederville in Perth, Western Australia and WAM R592 a specimen of Neelaps calonotus (Duméril, Bibron, & Duméril, 1854) (Serpentes: Elapidae) collected by C. Thomas from the Perth suburb of West Guildford (now Bassendean), Western Australia (Fig. 1). The P. affinis specimen (WAM R591) is purportedly a whole specimen stored in a 75% ethanol solution; however, extensive searches failed to locate the specimen in the WAM collection and it is presumed lost or disposed of. In the early half of the 20th century, large and easily identifiable specimens were sometimes disposed following identification, registration and collection of morphological data due to their preservation and storage difficulty (see Smith 1981). The N. calonotus specimen (WAM R592) is now an alizarin-stained body in a glycol solution with skin stored separately in 75% ethanol (Fig. 1). The erroneous registration numbers provided by Glauert technically placed the name A. b. microlepidotus into synonymy with either N. calonotus or P. affinis depending on lectotype selection.

Characterisation of an Iberian population of Rhyssocolpus iuventutis Andrássy, 1971 (Dorylaimida: Nordiidae), with a revised taxonomy of the genus

Nematology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reyes Peña-Santiago ◽  
Pablo Guerrero ◽  
Gracia Liébanas ◽  
María del Carmen García ◽  
Teresa Palomeque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Ssu Rdna ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Iberian Population ◽  
Emended Diagnosis

The identity and evolutionary relationships of the genus Rhyssocolpus are analysed and discussed using an integrative approach including morphological data and partial SSU-rDNA sequences. An Iberian population of R. iuventutis is characterised in detail, providing the first SEM observations of the genus. New sequences of the genera Enchodelus and Rhyssocolpus are provided for comparative purposes. Both morphological and molecular evidence support a separate status for the aforementioned two genera and Heterodorus, of which the latter and Rhyssocolpus shared a recent common ancestor, whereas Enchodelus did not, as had been traditionally assumed, occupy a close position. The Nordiidae is confirmed to be an artificial taxon. The taxonomy of Rhyssocolpus is revised and an emended diagnosis, updated list of species, key to their identification and compendium of their morphometrics are provided. Some nomenclatorial changes are also proposed: R. alleni and R. paradoxus are retained under Eudorylaimus, their original genus, whereas R. brasiliensis is transferred to Eudorylaimus as E. brasiliensis (Meyl, 1956) comb. n.

scholarly journals A new species of the blind cave gudgeon Milyeringa (Pisces: Gobioidei, Eleotridae) from Barrow Island, Western Australia, with a redescription of M. veritas Whitley

Zootaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3616 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
HELEN K. LARSON ◽  
RALPH FOSTER ◽  
WILLIAM F. HUMPHREYS ◽  
MARK I. STEVENS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Unique Form ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
The Third ◽  
Blind Cave ◽  
A New Species

A new species of the eyeless eleotrid genus Milyeringa is described from wells sunk on Barrow Island, Western Australia. Milyeringa justitia n. sp. is the third species of the genus to be named. Morphological data and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) DNA sequence data from a wide sample of localities at which the genus occurs was used to evaluate relationships and species limits. Milyeringa veritas is redescribed, and M. brooksi is synonymised with M. veritas. The unique form and ecology of these fishes, plus the threats to their survival, warrants immediate and continuing attention in management.

Chromosome, morphometric and breeding system studies in the Stylidium caricifolium species complex (Stylidiaceae)

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Coates
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Geographic Patterns ◽  
Floral Characters ◽  
Ecological Transition

Evolutionary relationships among the five species in the Stylidium caricifolium species complex were investigated by chromosome, morphometric and breeding system studies. Marked interspecific chromosome differences were found between all five species and chromosomally polymorphic individuals detected in populations of S. affine, S. caricifolium and S, sp. 2. In addition, chromosomal and morphological intermediates between S. affine and S. caricifolium were found in a region corresponding to an ecological transition zone between the wheat belt and Darling Scarp vegetation systems in southern Western Australia. The origin of these transition-zone forms, although conjectural at this stage, is discussed in the light of information available from chromosome studies. Morphometric studies demonstrated that S. affine, S. sp. 1 and S. sp. 2 can readily be distinguished from each other and from S. nungarinense and S. caricifolium. The last two species, although not detectably different in the floral characters measured, can be separated on leaf morphology. Breeding system studies suggested that all species with the exception of S. affine and S. caricifolium are effectively isolated from each other reproductively. The possible significance of chromosome repatterning and eco-geographic patterns in the evolution of the S. caricifolium species complex is discussed.

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