Encoding third-person epistemic states contributes to episodic reconstruction of memories

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x1700139x ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

Author(s):

Dora Kampis ◽

András Keszei ◽

Ildikó Király

Keyword(s):

Episodic Memory ◽

Memory Formation ◽

Epistemic States ◽

Social Partners ◽

Third Person ◽

Contextual Detail

AbstractWe propose an extension to Mahr & Csibra's (M&C's) theory. For successful episodic memory formation, potentially relevant aspects of a situation need to be identified and encoded online and retained for prospective interactions. To be maximally convincing, the communicator not only has to encode not just any contextual detail, but also has to track information in relation to social partners.

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Knowledge is power: prior knowledge aids memory formation for both congruent and incongruent events, but in different ways.

10.31234/osf.io/um4ga ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Andrea Greve ◽

Elisa Cooper ◽

Roni Tibon ◽

Richard Henson

Keyword(s):

Episodic Memory ◽

Prior Knowledge ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Memory Formation ◽

Memory Test ◽

World Knowledge ◽

Apparent Paradox ◽

Power Prior

Events that conform to our expectations, i.e, are congruent with our world knowledge or schemas, are better remembered than unrelated events. Yet events that conflict with schemas can also be remembered better. We examined this apparent paradox in four experiments, in which schemas were established by training ordinal relationships between randomly-paired objects, while episodic memory was tested for the number of objects on each trial. Better memory was found for both congruent and incongruent trials, relative to unrelated trials, producing memory performance that was a “U-shaped” function of congruency. Furthermore, the incongruency advantage, but not congruency advantage, emerged even if the information probed by the memory test was irrelevant to the schema, while the congruency advantage, but not incongruency advantage, also emerged after initial encoding. Schemas therefore augment episodic memory in multiple ways, depending on the match between novel and existing information.

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Alpha/beta power decreases during episodic memory formation predict the magnitude of alpha/beta power decreases during subsequent retrieval

Neuropsychologia ◽

10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107755 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 153 ◽

pp. 107755

Author(s):

Benjamin J. Griffiths ◽

María Carmen Martín-Buro ◽

Bernhard P. Staresina ◽

Simon Hanslmayr ◽

Tobias Staudigl

Keyword(s):

Episodic Memory ◽

Memory Formation ◽

Beta Power ◽

Alpha Beta

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Cognitive processes supporting episodic memory formation in childhood: The role of source memory, binding, and executive functioning

Developmental Review ◽

10.1016/j.dr.2011.02.001 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 384-402 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Vinaya Raj ◽

Martha Ann Bell

Keyword(s):

Executive Functioning ◽

Episodic Memory ◽

Cognitive Processes ◽

Source Memory ◽

Memory Formation ◽

Memory Binding

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On the Effectiveness of Event-related Beta tACS on Episodic Memory Formation and Motor Cortex Excitability

10.1101/078964 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Verena Braun ◽

Rodika Sokoliuk ◽

Simon Hanslmayr

Keyword(s):

Motor Cortex ◽

Episodic Memory ◽

Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽

Memory Formation ◽

Frequency Range ◽

Beta Oscillations ◽

Healthy Human ◽

Sham Stimulation ◽

Motor Cortex Excitability ◽

Beta Frequency

AbstractBackgroundTranscranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is widely used to entrain or modulate brain oscillations in order to investigate causal relationships between oscillations and cognition.ObjectiveIn a series of experiments we here addressed the question of whether event-related, transient tACS in the beta frequency range can be used to entrain beta oscillations in two different domains: episodic memory formation and motor cortex excitability.MethodsIn experiments 1 and 2, 72 healthy human participants engaged in an incidental encoding task of verbal and non-verbal material while receiving tACS to the left and right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) at 6.8Hz, 10.7Hz, 18.5Hz, 30Hz, 48Hz and sham stimulation for 2s during stimulus presentation.In experiment 3, tACS was administered to M1 at the individual motor beta frequency of eight subjects. We investigated the relationship between the size of TMS induced MEPs and tACS phase.ResultsBeta tACS did not affect memory performance compared to sham stimulation in experiments 1 and 2. Likewise, in experiment 3, MEP size was not modulated by the tACS phase.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that event-related, transient tACS in the beta frequency range cannot be used to modulate the formation of episodic memories or motor cortex excitability. These null-results question the effectiveness of event-related tACS to entrain beta oscillations and modulate cognition.

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