Pad-and-Buzzer Training, Dry-Bed Training, and Stop-Start Training in the Treatment of Primary Nocturnal Enuresis

1985 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald A. Bennett ◽  
Victoria J. Walkden ◽  
Roy H. Curtis ◽  
Laurence E. Burns ◽  
Janice Rees ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nocturnal Enuresis ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Waiting List ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Primary Nocturnal Enuresis ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Dry Bed Training

Forty primary nocturnally enuretic children were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions over a ten week period. These were (a) standard Pad-and-Buzzer Training (PBT), (b) Stop—Start Training (SST), involving practice in interrupting the flow of urine during micturition, (c) Dry Bed Training (DBT) and (d) Waiting List Control (WLC). Numbers of dry nights were assessed during a 14 days pre-treatment baseline period, and again during 14 days at the end of treatment and at 12 weeks follow-up. At the end of treatment the proportions of subjects in each condition achieving 14 consecutive dry nights were: PBT 44.4%, SST 16.6%, DBT 50% and WLC 0%. Each of the three treatments produced more dry nights than the WLC, but did not significantly differ from one another. The results were discussed in terms of their generalizability and in the context of superior results previously reported for DBT.

scholarly journals Expectancies as predictors of symptom improvement after antimicrobial therapy for persistent symptoms attributed to Lyme disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henriët van Middendorp ◽  
Anneleen Berende ◽  
Fidel J. Vos ◽  
Hadewych H. M. ter Hofstede ◽  
Bart Jan Kullberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Symptomatic Improvement ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Persistent Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Expectancies ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Introduction/Objective Expectancies about symptom improvement or deterioration are reliable predictors of symptom progression and treatment outcomes (symptom resolution or symptomatic improvement) in many (non-)pharmacological studies and treatments. This study examined predictors of symptom improvement after antimicrobial therapy for persistent symptoms attributed to Lyme disease, hypothesizing particularly pre-treatment expectancies regarding symptom improvement to be predictive. Methods A predictive study was performed on pre-treatment and post-treatment individual characteristics, including expectancies, and physical and mental health–related quality of life (HRQoL) from the PLEASE-trial comparing randomized 12-weeks of doxycycline, clarithromycin-hydroxychloroquine, or placebo following 2 weeks of intravenous ceftriaxone. At end-of-treatment (14 weeks after trial start) and follow-up (52 weeks), complete data of 231 and 170 (of initial 280) patients with persistent symptoms temporally related to a history of erythema migrans or otherwise confirmed symptomatic Lyme disease, or accompanied by B. burgdorferi IgG or IgM antibodies, were examined through hierarchical regression analyses. Results In addition to pre-treatment HRQoL, pre-treatment expectancies regarding symptom improvement were consistently associated with stronger physical and mental HRQoL improvements at both end-of-treatment and follow-up (95% CI range: .09;.54, p < .01 to .27;.92, p < .001). Post-treatment expectancies regarding having received antibiotics vs. placebo was associated with more HRQoL improvement at end-of-treatment, but not at follow-up (95% CI-range 1.00;4.75, p = .003 to −7.34; −2.22, p < .001). Conclusions The present study shows that, next to pre-treatment functioning, patients’ pre-treatment and post-treatment expectancies regarding improvement of persistent symptoms attributed to Lyme disease relate to a more beneficial symptom course. Expectancies of patients may be relevant to explain and potentially improve patient outcomes (e.g., by optimized communication about treatment success). Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01207739 (Registration date: 23–09-2010) Key Points• As there is currently no sufficient symptom resolution or symptomatic improvement for many patients with persistent symptoms attributed to Lyme disease, it is relevant to know which factors determine symptom progression and predict heterogeneity in treatment response.• Next to pre-treatment functioning, expectancies regarding symptom improvement and having received antimicrobial study medication are associated with a more beneficial symptom course after both shorter-term and longer-term antimicrobial treatment.• Expectancies are relevant to consider in treatment studies and may be useful in clinical settings to improve symptom course and treatment outcome (e.g., by optimized communication about treatment success).

scholarly journals Micro-level de-coupling of negative affect and binge eating in relationship to macro-level outcomes in binge eating disorder treatment

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kathryn E. Smith ◽  
Tyler B. Mason ◽  
Lauren M. Schaefer ◽  
Lisa M. Anderson ◽  
Vivienne M. Hazzard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Binge Eating Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Background While negative affect reliably predicts binge eating, it is unknown how this association may decrease or ‘de-couple’ during treatment for binge eating disorder (BED), whether such change is greater in treatments targeting emotion regulation, or how such change predicts outcome. This study utilized multi-wave ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to assess changes in the momentary association between negative affect and subsequent binge-eating symptoms during Integrative Cognitive Affective Therapy (ICAT-BED) and Cognitive Behavior Therapy Guided Self-Help (CBTgsh). It was predicted that there would be stronger de-coupling effects in ICAT-BED compared to CBTgsh given the focus on emotion regulation skills in ICAT-BED and that greater de-coupling would predict outcomes. Methods Adults with BED were randomized to ICAT-BED or CBTgsh and completed 1-week EMA protocols and the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) at pre-treatment, end-of-treatment, and 6-month follow-up (final N = 78). De-coupling was operationalized as a change in momentary associations between negative affect and binge-eating symptoms from pre-treatment to end-of-treatment. Results There was a significant de-coupling effect at follow-up but not end-of-treatment, and de-coupling did not differ between ICAT-BED and CBTgsh. Less de-coupling was associated with higher end-of-treatment EDE global scores at end-of-treatment and higher binge frequency at follow-up. Conclusions Both ICAT-BED and CBTgsh were associated with de-coupling of momentary negative affect and binge-eating symptoms, which in turn relate to cognitive and behavioral treatment outcomes. Future research is warranted to identify differential mechanisms of change across ICAT-BED and CBTgsh. Results also highlight the importance of developing momentary interventions to more effectively de-couple negative affect and binge eating.

An Evaluation of Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy for Depression in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

1984 ◽  
Vol 145 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora A. Larcombe ◽  
Peter H. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Condition Assessment ◽  
Waiting List ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Pre Treatment

SummaryTwenty depressed multiple sclerotic patients were randomly allocated either to cognitive-behaviour therapy or to a waiting list control condition. Assessment of depressive symptoms was conducted at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and a four-week follow-up. In comparison to the waiting list control condition, cognitive-behaviour therapy was found to result in clinically and statistically significant improvement on most measures. Although the mechanism by which such treatment achieves its effects is unclear, these results clearly support the use of cognitive-behavioural treatments for depression in this population.

Type of hospital setting and treatment outcome with heroin addicts

1997 ◽  
Vol 171 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Strang ◽  
Isaac Marks ◽  
Sharon Dawe ◽  
Jane Powell ◽  
Michael Gossop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Heroin Addicts ◽  
Randomised Study ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Process And Outcome ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Opiate Addicts ◽  
Post Randomisation

BackgroundGeneral psychiatrists have recently been encouraged to provide treatment to heroin addicts, including in-patient detoxification. No comparison has previously been made of specialist versus general psychiatric in-patient care.MethodDuring a randomised study of cue exposure, 186 opiate addicts were also randomised to either specialist in-patient (DDU; n=115) or general psychiatric (GEN; n=71) wards in the same hospital.ResultsFrom pre-treatment (post-randomisation) onwards, patient outcomes differed across the two in-patient settings. Of the original randomised sample, significantly more DDU than GEN subjects accepted their randomisation (100 v. 77%), were subsequently admitted (60 v. 42%), and completed in-patient detoxification (45 v. 18%). Of patients admitted, more DDU than GEN patients completed detoxification (75 v. 43%). During seven-month follow-up, of those 43 patients who reached the end of treatment, significantly more ex-DDU than ex-GEN subjects were opiate-free.ConclusionsFrom pre-treatment onwards, significant differences in process and outcome were found after allocation to treatment on either DDU or GEN. Further randomised studies are required to replicate and explain these findings.

scholarly journals Five-Year follow up of Patients Treated with Inpatient Psychotherapy at the Cassel Hospital for Nervous Diseases

1987 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
pp. 549-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M Rosser ◽  
S Birch ◽  
H Bond ◽  
J Denford ◽  
J Schachter
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Waiting List ◽  
Inpatient Psychotherapy ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Helpful Relationships

Twenty-eight patients who were admitted consecutively to a single-adult unit of the Cassel Hospital in 1977/8 were followed up 5 years after discharge. Those who were found to have improved at the end of treatment remained well 5 years later. These could be distinguished by their combination of neurotic psychopathology, considerable depression, superior intelligence, and lack of a chronic outpatient history. Patients who had improved 5 years after discharge did not show these characteristics, but had all spent at least 9 weeks on the waiting list and had the capacity to form close and helpful relationships. Patients who were judged to have improved were less dependent on the Health Service and their economic productivity was improved, often as a consequence of returning to education or training. Those who did not improve clinically continued to be admitted to hospital and tended to become less economically productive.

The effectiveness of dry bed training for nocturnal enuresis in adults: a 3, 5, 6 years follow-up

1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 557-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten Van Son ◽  
Nicolette Van Heesch ◽  
Guido Mulder ◽  
Aad Van Londen
Keyword(s):  
Nocturnal Enuresis ◽  
Dry Bed Training

Treatment of Primary Nocturnal Enuresis in a Boy with Down's Syndrome

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
David I. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Nocturnal Enuresis ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Primary Nocturnal Enuresis ◽  
Enuresis Alarm ◽  
Withdrawal Phase

Primary nocturnal enuresis in a nine-year-old boy with Down's Syndrome was treated successfully with an enuresis alarm. A criterion of four consecutive dry weeks was reached after fourteen weeks and the child remained dry at six-month and twelve-month follow-up. Treatment included a gradual withdrawal phase. The study replicates others showing that a simple ‘bell and pad’ procedure can suffice. Client, family and procedural variables associated with success and failure of alarm treatments are discussed.

Web-based Oral Reading for Language in Aphasia (Web ORLA®): A pilot randomized control trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 026921552098847
Author(s):  
Leora R Cherney ◽  
Jaime B Lee ◽  
Kwang-Youn A Kim ◽  
Sarel van Vuuren
Keyword(s):  
Oral Reading ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Web Based ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Web

Objective: To investigate an intensive asynchronous computer-based treatment delivered remotely with clinician oversight to people with aphasia. Design: Single-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. Setting: Free-standing urban rehabilitation hospital. Participants: Adults with aphasia (at least six months post-onset). Interventions: Experimental treatment was Web ORLA® (Oral Reading for Language in Aphasia) which provides repeated choral and independent reading aloud of sentences with a virtual therapist. Placebo was a commercially available computer game. Participants were instructed to practice 90 minutes/day, six days/week for six weeks. Main measures: Change in Language Quotient of the Western Aphasia Battery-Revised from pre-treatment to post-treatment and pre-treatment to six weeks following the end of treatment. Results: 32 participants (19 Web ORLA®, 13 Control) completed the intervention and post-treatment assessment; 27 participants (16 Web ORLA®, 11 Control) completed the follow-up assessment six weeks after treatment had ended. Web ORLA® treatment resulted in significant improvements in language performance from pre-treatment to immediately post-treatment ( X = 2.96; SD = 4.32; P < 0.01; ES = 0.68) and from pre-treatment to six weeks following the end of treatment ( X = 4.53; SD = 3.16; P < 0.001; ES = 1.43). There was no significant difference in the gain from pre-treatment to post-treatment for the Web ORLA® versus Control groups. However, the Web ORLA® group showed significantly greater gains at the six-week follow-up than the control group ( X = 2.70; SD = 1.01; P = 0.013; ES = 1.92). Conclusion: Results provide evidence for improved language outcomes following intensive, web-based delivery of ORLA® to individuals with chronic aphasia. Findings underscore the value of combining clinician oversight with the flexibility of asynchronous practice.

A Preliminary Investigation of Metacognitive Therapy and Habit Reversal as a Treatment for Trichotillomania

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Shareh
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Waiting List ◽  
Habit Reversal ◽  
Wait List ◽  
Global Functioning ◽  
Habit Reversal Therapy ◽  
Habit Reversal Training ◽  
Pre Treatment

Background: Not all patients suffering from trichotillomania (TTM) recover completely using CBT and of those that do, only a few maintain their recovery over time. Aims: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of metacognitive methods combined with habit reversal (MCT/HRT) in trichotillomania with a relatively long-term follow-up. Method: A case series (n = 8) and a randomized wait-list controlled trial (n = 34) design were conducted in this study. In the case series, three of the eight patients dropped out of the study. Therefore, TTM-related symptoms were evaluated in five patients suffering from TTM before and after brief metacognitive plus habit reversal therapy during 1-month, 6-month, and 12-month follow-ups. The treatment consisted of detached mindfulness (DM) techniques, ritual postponement and habit reversal training (HRT) in eight sessions. Results: All patients were responders at post-treatment in case series. After the 12-month follow-up, the results were associated with higher pre-treatment levels of self-esteem and global functioning and lower pre-treatment levels of depression and anxiety with nearly complete abstinence from hair pulling immediately after treatment. A randomized wait-list controlled trial with experimental (n = 17) and waiting list group (n = 17) was then conducted to confirm the case series results. There were significant differences between the two groups regarding changes in MGH-HPS, Y-BOCS-TM, RSES, GAF, BDI, BAI and self-monitoring. Therefore, the MCT/HRT treatment was found to be more effective than the waiting list group. Conclusions: A combined treatment including metacognitive and habit reversal techniques is remarkably effective in patients with TTM.

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