Cognitive behaviour therapy for adolescents with eating disorders: An effective alternative to the disease-based treatments

Several clinical services offer eclectic multidisciplinary treatments with no evidence of efficacy and effectiveness for adolescents with eating disorders. These treatments are usually based on the ‘disease model’ of eating disorders. The model postulates that eating disorders are the result of a specific disease (i.e., anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa or other eating disorders), and patients are considered not to have control of their illness. Therefore, they need the external control of parents and/or health professionals. In this model, the patients adopt a passive role in the treatment. On the contrary, enhanced cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT-E) for adolescents is based on a ‘psychological model’ of eating disorders. Patients are helped to understand the psychological mechanisms that maintain their eating disorder and are ‘actively’ involved in the recovery process. Clinical studies showed that more than 60% of adolescent patients who complete the treatment achieve a full response at 12-month follow-up. The treatment is well accepted by young people and their parents, and its collaborative nature is well suited to ambivalent young patients who may be particularly concerned about control issues and for parents who cannot participate in all treatment sessions.

Pengurusan Keresahan Mahasiswa IPTA di Musim COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic had affected the whole world especially the human life routine. There were several sectors that had been severely affected such as economy, education, and mental wellbeing. Most of the countries had implemented the approach of online classes as alternative to manage the education system. Thus, the students joining all the classes by themselves via online. There are a lot of consequences that need to be adapted by students to undergo the new norm of education system. This study used case study design to identify the appropriate counselling intervention to reduce anxiety among students. The counsellor used the approach of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) with the objective to restructure the client’s thought and behaviour in facing the adversity during the pandemic of COVID-19. In total, there were 8 sessions that had been conducted for counsellor to help the client to rationalize the thought and exploring new possible behaviour that can be applied by the client. At the end of the session, the client manages to control her anxiety issues and become more encourage to focus on online learning basis. The approach of behaviour and cognitive therapy are suitable to be used among the counsellors to help the client with anxiety issues. Abstrak Pandemik COVID-19 telah melanda kebanyakan negara di seluruh dunia dan menjejaskan kehidupan serta aktiviti manusia di dunia. Banyak sektor yang terjejas seperti sektor ekonomi, sektor pendidikan, keselamatan dan kesejahteraan mental di seluruh dunia. Bagi bidang pendidikan, kebanyakan negara memfokuskan pengajaran dan pembelajaran dalam talian sebagai alternatif untuk menguruskan pendidikan pengajar dan pembelajaran. Ini membawa kepada pelajar belajar secara bersendirian dengan pemikiran mereka dikuasai oleh maklumat -maklumat dari media masa. Terdapat banyak kesan-kesan sampingan dihadapi oleh pelajar dalam menghadapi kehidupan norma baharu ini. Artikel ini akan membincangkan bagaimana kaunselor membantu klien dalam menjalani kehidupan norma baharu dan mengurangkan keresahan yang dihadapi klien. Kaunselor menggunakan pendekatan terapi tingkah laku dan kognitif (CBT) untuk menstrukturkan kembali pemikiran dan mengubah tingkah laku yang dapat membantu klien mengadaptasi kehidupan di norma baharu. Lapan sesi yang dijalankan bagi membincangkan pemikiran yang dimiliki klien mengenai pendemik ini, merasionalkan pemikiran tersebut, melihat tingkah laku hasil dari pemikiran dan daya tindak yang sesuai untuk klien praktikan. Hasil daripada sesi kaunseling yang dijalankan bersama kaunselor, klien dapat mengawal keresahan yang dialami dan bersemangat untuk lebih fokus kepada pembelajaran dalam talian. Oleh itu, pendekatan terapi tingkah laku dan

Konseling Kelompok Cognitive Behaviour Teknik Thought Stopping untuk Mengurangi Anxiety Academic terhadap Skripsi

<p>Kuantitas kelulusan tepat waktu mahasiswa menjadi hal yang penting bagi penilaian akreditasi program studi dan mahasiswa. Salah satu penyebab keterlambatan dalam kelulusan tepat waktu mahasiswa adalah kecemasan akademik terhadap skripsi atau sering disebut dengan <em>anxiety academic</em>. Tujuan yang diharapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah membantu mahasiswa untuk mengurangi <em>anxiety academic</em> terhadap skripsi melalui konseling kelompok pendekatan <em>cognitive behaviour therapy</em> teknik <em>thought stopping</em>. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah pre eksperimen <em>one group pre test post test design</em> dengan teknik pengambilan sampel <em>purposive sampling</em>. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konseling kelompok pendekatan <em>Cognitive Behavior Therapy</em> teknik <em>Thought Stopping </em>mampu mengurangi <em>anxiety acedemic</em> mahasiswa terhadap skripsi dibuktikan dengan hasil uji statistik perhitungan <em>Paired Samples test</em> menunjukkan t-_hitung= 13.132 &gt; t-_tabel= 2.015.</p>

MINDFULNESS BASED INTERVENTIONS (MBIS) IN PSYCHIATRY – A BIRD'S EYE VIEW FROM THE FIRST DECADES OF THE 21ST CENTURY.

Psychiatry of the 21st century is also characterized by ramication into various specialized branches. Revolutions in the areas of psychopharmacology, psychotherapies and social therapies have become a routine in the eld of psychiatry. Mindfulness is one concept spanning across the bio-psycho-social realms which continues to be a topic of current interest both for the professionals as well as the lay public since more than 5 decades. Two of the most common among them are Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction, a stress management model by Jon Kabat Zinn and Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy , a mindfulness based model devised to prevent the relapse of depression6, by John Teasdale, Mark Williams and Zindel Segal. Several countries in the world have their own MBIs like Mindfulness Integrated Cognitive Behaviour therapy by Bruno Cayoun8. India also has its own share of MBIs in the form of Mindful Life Management 9 and Mindfulness Unied Cognitive Behaviour Therapy 10 developed by the author, though research evidences are only getting accumulated. MBIs aim to enhance greater attention to and awareness of present moment experience12. MBIs have been found to be of use in realms of health, cognitive, affective and interpersonal relationships. Various other factors related to MBIs like psychological and neurobiological mechanisms and potential risks also have been studied by several authors. Neurobiological effects of MBIs have been reported as functional and structural alterations in grey and white matter, especially in areas related to attention and memory, interoception and sensory processing, or self- and auto-regulation of stress and emotions. Amidst all these researches happening in different parts of the world, India didn't have any structured MBIs of its own till the end of the rst decade of 21st century, until the development of Mindful Life Management and Mindfulness Unied Cognitive Behavior Therapy by the author. This article covers the work being done by mindfulness researchers during the rst two decades of the 21st century

Enhanced cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT-E) for severe and extreme anorexia nervosa in an outpatient eating disorder unit at a public hospital: a quality-assessment study

Background The aim of this quality-assessment study was to determine the outcome of patients with severe and extreme anorexia nervosa (AN) in a real-world outpatient setting. Methods Twenty-one adults with AN and a body mass index (BMI) of < 16 were recruited from consecutive referrals to an outpatient clinic at a public hospital in Western Norway. All enrolled patients were provided with enhanced cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT-E) to treat their AN, commencing between January 2013 and December 2016. Their BMI was recorded at baseline, at the end of CBT-E and 1 year after the end of treatment. Results Ten patients completed the CBT-E treatment and achieved a large weight gain with the change remaining stable at follow-up. Eleven patients did not complete the treatment but had a significant increase in BMI at the premature end of treatment. One year after end of therapy 14/21 (66.7%) of the patients had BMI above 18.5 kg/m2. No severe complications were observed during therapy. Conclusions Although 52.4% of the patients did not complete outpatient CBT-E, the findings of this quality-assessment study support previous findings indicating that CBT-E may represent a valid alternative to inpatient treatment in patients with severe and extreme AN.

The Effect of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy on Sleep and Circadian Rhythm in Young College Students

The present study is to study the effect of cognitive behaviour therapy on various sleep parameters and circadian phase rhythmic in young college going adults. Fifty young college going adults were chosen from the MBBS and BDS students of King George's Medical University Lucknow, their polysomnography was conducted along with it salivary melatonin estimation was conducted to find the time of Dim light melatonin onset (DLMO), the subjects were administered cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT),after completing the sessions of cognitive behaviour therapy another Polysomnographic study and DLMO estimation was conducted, various sleep parameters were compared before and after the CBT. The study showed an improvement in the steep quality, a decrease in daytime sleepiness along with this total sleep time significantly increased, sleep efficiency also improved and there was a decrease in the REM sleep latency. The Dim light melatonin onset advanced for the subjects and the chronotype showed an inclination towards an earlier timings.