The last year of life in Europe: regional variations in functional status and sources of support

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1041-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
KARSTEN HANK ◽  
HENDRIK JÜRGES
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Regional Variations ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Sources Of Support ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
Dying At Home ◽  
To Receive

ABSTRACTThis article aims to provide an initial account of the life circumstances of older people in 11 continental European countries during the year prior to their deaths. It focuses on regional variations in functional limitations and sources of support. Using logistic regression we analyse data from 523 end-of-life interviews in 2006–07, collected for the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (Wave 2) about the respondents who had died since the baseline data collection in 2004–05. The prevalence of functional limitations was found to be fairly consistent across Northern, Central and Southern Europe. Significant regional differences existed, however, with regard to the deceased respondents' main sources of support and the locations of their deaths. Northern Europeans were the least likely to receive help from their family only and the most likely to be supported by non-kin. They also exhibited the highest risk of dying in a nursing home. In Mediterranean countries, a pattern of exclusive family support and dying at home prevailed. The findings support the notion of a ‘mixed responsibility’ of families and welfare states as providers of support for older people in the last year of life.

Support in old age in the changing society of Bangladesh

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZARINA NAHAR KABIR ◽  
MARTA SZEBEHELY ◽  
CAROL TISHELMAN
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Cultural Dynamics ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Transitions ◽  
To Receive

The assumption that social and economic transitions in a country pose a threat to the provision of support to older people is questioned in this study. The study investigates the availability and sources of such material, practical and emotional support in urban and rural areas of Bangladesh. The support provided by older people towards household functioning is also explored. It was found from an interview survey of 701 individuals aged 60 years and older that the propensity to receive support was greater among rural older people than their urban counterparts. Gender differences were also observed, in that men were mainly providers of material support, and women of practical and emotional support. Among married older people, spouses were reported as important sources of emotional support for both elderly men and women, and some regional differences were observed. The data show mutuality in the provision of support between older people and their family members. It is evident that support to elderly people from their families is strong in Bangladesh, and that the socio-cultural dynamics of the society influence its provision.

SEASONAL AND REGIONAL VARIATIONS IN THE UNSATURATED ACIDS OF ALBERTA BUTTERFAT

1957 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Wood ◽  
W. Haab
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Regional Variations ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
Polyunsaturated Acids ◽  
Iodine Values ◽  
Summer Minimum

Monthly samples of butterfat taken during 1953–54 from creameries at Edmonton and Lethbridge showed regional and seasonal fluctuations of iodine values and content of monoenoic and conjugated and non-conjugated dienoic, trienoic and tetraenoic acids. The total unsaturated acids content, as measured by iodine values, was higher in the Edmonton butterfats and reached a maximum in September at the end of the grazing season, while the lower Lethbridge maximum occurred in May with but slightly declining values throughout the summer. Minimum values were recorded during November and December for both regions. Maximum oleic acid occurrence did not coincide with the peak of the grazing season. Most of the polyunsaturated acids varied seasonally but marked regional differences were not observed. In general the latter constituents occurred in amounts comparable to those reported elsewhere. With the exception of the non-conjugated dienoic acids, summer values were high and winter values low. Conjugated tetraenoic acids were found in all butterfats but in trace amounts only.

scholarly journals REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN DISABILITY AMONG COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER PEOPLE IN EUROPE

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 800-800
Author(s):  
J. Jerez-Roig ◽  
M. Bosque-Prous ◽  
M. Gine-Garriga ◽  
C. Bagur-Calafat ◽  
A. Espelt
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Community Dwelling Older People

Abstract 333: AAV9 Serca2a Gene Transfer Reverses Some but Not All Electrophysiological Deficits in a Chronic Model of Congestive Heart Failure

2015 ◽  
Vol 117 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoqin Xie ◽  
Jiqiu Chen ◽  
Jun Hu ◽  
Antoine H Chaanine ◽  
Dongtak Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Mechanical Function ◽  
Aortic Banding ◽  
Cx43 Expression ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Chronic Model ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Reactive Fibrosis

SERCA2a gene transfer (GT) to the failing heart improves it mechanical function. The electrophysiological (EP) consequences of SERCA2a GT are less clear. We investigated the EP substrate, total (t) and phosphorylated (p) Cx43 expression in a chronic model of heart failure (HF) with & without SERCA2a GT. Methods: After 2 mo of aortic banding rats underwent 30min LAD occlusion & reperfusion for another 2 mo. Rats developed widespread proliferation of reactive fibrosis in ischemic & remote zones and were randomized to receive AAV9 GFP (HF) or AAV9 SERCA2a (HF treatment) at the time of LAD occlusion/reperfusion. Hearts from normal (Sham, N=6), HF (AAV9.GFP, N=7), and HF treatment (AAV9.SERCA2a, N=9) rats were studied using optical mapping. Cx43 levels (t & p) were measured. Results: HF rats exhibited significant APD prolongation (by 50%) & CV slowing (by 30%). More importantly APD heterogeneity was increased 2.5 fold (p=0.006). The ratio of S368 p-to-t Cx43 was reduced in the ischemic zone of HF rats where SERCA2a expression was decreased (Fig). AAV9 SERCA2a GT increased SERCA2a levels in the ischemic and remote zones. Surprisingly, APD & CV were comparable (p=NS each) in HF and HF treatment groups. In contrast SERCA2a GT reduced APD heterogeneity by 30% relative to untreated rats (p=0.03), fully restored pCx43 expression to sham levels in the ischemic zone and abolished regional differences in p-to-t Cx43 (Fig). Conclusions: AAV9 SERCA2a GT reverses key EP and molecular deficits that are causally related to arrhythmias in HF. This therapy, however, fails to reverse other hallmark features of HF, which are likely dependent on widespread ion channel and structural remodeling, namely fibrosis.

An Age-Based Mobilisation: The Emergence of Old Age in American Politics

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Elman
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Old Age ◽  
American Politics ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Movement Models ◽  
Shape Characteristics ◽  
To Receive

AbstractOlder people became a highly visible force in the American politics of the 1930s. The Townsend organisation mobilised one tenth of the U.S. elderly population prior to their direct representation in the polity as an interest group. This article utilises several theoretical social movement models to analyse how and why mobilisation occurred. It demonstrates that many factors, including phenomena associated with the social dimension of age, influenced the mechanisms of mobilisation and the movement's shape. Characteristics of this cohort of older people, including its size, life expectancy, spatial distribution, shared traditions, and symbolic frameworks were conducive to club formation and mobilisation. The period event of the Depression also triggered collective action, by exacerbating trends of changing old-age institutional supports. But the organisation expanded most where it channelled inducements to participants and evoked the cohorts' symbolic frameworks and ideals. Mobilisation also occurred within a political environment, the national stage of U.S. politics, where non-represented interest groups (such as elderly people) find it difficult to receive benefits.

scholarly journals The Four Worlds of ‘Welfare Reality’ – Social Risks and Outcomes in Europe

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Ferragina ◽  
Martin Seeleib-Kaiser ◽  
Thees Spreckelsen
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Democratic Regimes

After three decades of welfare state crisis, change and transformation can we still speak of welfare state regimes when looking at their outcomes? The analysis of outcomes provides a picture of ‘the real worlds of welfare’ and is of considerable importance to understanding political legitimacy across countries. We use aggregate longitudinal data for West European countries in order to map welfare outcomes and cluster countries. The cluster results are also assessed for their sensitivity to the choice of different countries, years or indicators. All European welfare states have a significant capacity for reducing poverty and inequality. However, the degree of this reduction varies considerably, especially when examining different social groups, i.e. unemployed people, children, youths or the elderly. Outcomes cluster countries largely in line with previous institutionalist literature, differentiating between conservative, liberal, Mediterranean and social-democratic regimes. As the main exception, we identify Germany, which can no longer be characterised as the proto-typical conservative welfare state. When analysing old social risks such as unemployment and old age, Europe appears to be characterised by two groups, i.e. one consisting of liberal and Mediterranean countries and a second made up of social-democratic and conservative countries. New social risks such as child and youth poverty, by contrast, replicate very closely the theoretical four-cluster typology. Our sensitivity analyses reveal that our clusters tend to be stable over time. Welfare regimes continue to serve as a useful analytical tool and relate to outcomes experienced by European citizens.

scholarly journals The Neolithic

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Holm
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Regional Variations ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Time Period ◽  
South Sweden ◽  
Cultural Structures

Publications from the time period 1986-1990 concerning the Neolithic are characterized by variation. This is seen in the different approaches and regional differences based on various archaeological conditions. Studies of settlements and economic/social aspects of the societies are in majority together with an emphasis on neolithisation processes. Some studies concern theoretical approaches and methods and applications. South Sweden, with Scania in focus, is the most well-documented region, with regional variations in the archaeological record interpreted as cultural and social differences. In central Sweden comparatively few contributions discuss problems of settlements and social and cultural structures. In Norrland, finally, differences in the archaeological record between and within coastal and inland regions are evident, signifying various Neolithic groups.

scholarly journals Pattern of Outpatient Health Service Utilization by Older People in Iran

Salmand ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-427
Author(s):  
Maryam Tajvar ◽  
◽  
Mehdi Yaseri ◽  
Badriye Karami ◽  
Mariya Mohammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Older People ◽  
Service Utilization ◽  
Health Service Utilization ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
National Study ◽  
Outpatient Services ◽  
To Receive

Objectives: Considering the rapid growth of Iran’s elderly population with consequent increase in the costs of health services, it is necessary to be aware of the pattern of outpatient health service utilization, in the elderly for resource allocation and health planning. This study aims to determine the pattern of outpatient service utilization for the elderly in Iran and explore determinant factors. Methods & Materials: This is a cross-sectional study using secondary analysis method and the data from 2015 National Study of Health Service Utilization. Study population consists of older people aged ≥60 years. Of these, 8205 were selected as study samples. The data were collected using personal and household questionnaires collecting information on subjects’ need for, referral to, utilization from, and satisfaction with outpatient services. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors related to the need, referral, benefit, and satisfaction with the received outpatient services. Results: Out of 8205 participants, 3172 (39%) reported the need for outpatient services, of which 66% referred for services; of these, 98% (N=2060) benefited outpatient services. Females, older subjects, villagers, unmarried and illiterate subjects were more in need of outpatient services, but their referrals to receive the services were not more than those of other groups. Lack of basic insurance, supplementary insurance, and a personal care had a significant impact on reducing the number of subjects referred to receive outpatient services. Inability to pay treatment costs (30%), self-treatment (28%) and lack of proper insurance coverage (13%) were the most important reasons for not referring to receive outpatient services. The highest satisfaction was related to the behavior of physicians and medical staff and the lowest satisfaction was related to the cost of outpatient services. Conclusion: Although the use of outpatient health services should be based on the need for these services, the present study showed that the older people with higher socio-economic status had higher utilization from the services in Iran. Therefore, there is an inequality in access to outpatient services in the elderly. The reasons for not using outpatient services and dissatisfaction with these services should be seriously considered by health policy makers.

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