Older adults’ integration in the labour market: a global view

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Börsch-Supan ◽  
Felizia Hanemann ◽  
Brian Beach ◽  
Didier Halimi ◽  
Susana Harding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Older Employees ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Country Specific

Abstract What governs labour force participation in later life and why is it so different across countries? Health and labour force participation in older ages are not strongly linked, but we observe a large variation across countries in old-age labour force participation. This points to the important role of country-specific regulations governing pension receipt and old-age labour force participation. In addition to the statutory eligibility age for a pension, such country-specific regulations include: earnings tests that limit the amount of earnings when pension benefits are received; the amount of benefit deductions for early retirement; the availability of part-time pensions before normal retirement; special regulations that permit early retirement for certain population groups; and either subsidies or extra costs for employers if they keep older employees in their labour force. This paper asks two questions: Can we link a relatively low labour force participation at ages 60–64 to country-specific regulations that make early retirement attractive? and Can we link a relatively high labour force participation at ages 65–74 to country-specific regulations that make late retirement attractive? To answer these questions, we compared the experiences in a set of developed countries around the world in order to understand better the impact of country-specific rules and laws on work and retirement behaviour at older ages and, by consequence, on the financial sustainability of pension systems.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF LIFE-COURSE PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH ON LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION AND EXIT IN LATER LIFE

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 278-278
Author(s):  
C. Clark ◽  
M. Smuk ◽  
D. Lain ◽  
S. Stansfeld ◽  
M. van der Horst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Effect of Demographic Change on Financial Stability

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
Asma' Rashidah Idris ◽  
Muzafar Shah Habibullah ◽  
Ranjanee Kaliappan
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Demographic Change ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the effect of fertility on financial stability and its determinant particularly therelevance of demographic changes. This is motivated by the huge impact of demographic changes(increasing ageing population and low fertility level). Population ageing and low fertility tend to lowerboth labour- force participation and saving rates (change bank business model), thereby raising concernson a future slowing economic growth and financial instability. The system GMM results show that thefertility level somehow acts as a buffer and reflects to the degree of stability to the financial system. Anincrease in fertility and old-age population will contribute to lowering the financial stability. As a matterof policy implication, the nations, financial sectors, and economies should take pro-active active stepsand enhance policies in handling the inter-related issue of the ageing population, decreasing fertility, andfinancial stability especially in developed countries, but not necessarily to overlook the impact of theissues in developing countries. Keywords: Demographic change, old-age population, fertility, financial stability

scholarly journals Exclusion and Inequality in Late Working Life–On the Gendered Risks for Old-Age Exclusion in Sweden and Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 65-65
Author(s):  
Andreas Motel-Klingebiel ◽  
Jolanta Perek-Białas ◽  
Indre Genelyte ◽  
Susanne Kelfve
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
Economic Exclusion ◽  
The Uk

Abstract The labour market activity of older workers and their ability and disposition to maintain it depend on institutional conditions, age norms, labour demand and shifting overall economic conditions. The paper discusses exclusion and inequality in later working life from a European comparative perspective and emphasises shifts in late work and retirement patterns as well as later-life outcomes in Sweden and Poland. An emphasis is on changing institutional conditions on the national and branch level. Gendered risks for economic exclusion and later life precarity are stressed. Analyses for the two countries are contrasted with Germany and the UK. The analyses are part of the research program ‘Exclusion and Inequality in Late Working Life: Evidence for Policy Innovation Towards Inclusive Extended Work and Sustainable Working Conditions in Sweden and Europe – EIWO’ (2019-24). Analyses use data from SHARE and EU-SILC and address older workers of age 60 and older in Sweden, Poland, German and the UK. They find increasingly heterogeneous preretirement and transition patterns, new gender gaps and increasing risks of economic exclusion in retirement. Situations differ between countries with the prolongation of late working life in Sweden having a mostly positive effect on gender inequalities with low education and specific migrant groups as an exception. Poland is specific case due to unequally low retirement age for woman (60) and for men (65) with consequently large structural gender differences and increases in the process of increasing labour force participation of older workers and increasingly gendered risks for old-age economic exclusion.

scholarly journals Families' Employment and Childcare Arrangements

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Podmore
Keyword(s):  
Parental Leave ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Education And Care ◽  
Part Time ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

This study investigated parents' experiences and their views on labour force participation, child care arrangements, and parental leave policies. Participants were 60 families with five-year-old children, selected randomly from 14 schools in the greater Wellington region. This paper focuses on parents' employment experiences, with some reference to parental leave. Many mothers had participated in part-time paid work, and the percentage in full-time paid work increased to 19% by the year the children were four to five years of age. Each year from the child's birth up until school entry, over a third of the fathers were working 50 hours or more per week. A high incidence of participation in the early childhood education and care services was evident. There was a relatively low uptake of parental leave among mother and fathers who were in the paid workforce the year the children were born. Some of the main themes addressed in this paper are: diversity and change, the need for flexibility in workplaces, the impact of long hours of paid work on families, financial constraints, and gender roles.

Why Is Female Labour Force Participation So Low in India?

Urbanisation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S40-S57
Author(s):  
Deepaboli Chatterjee ◽  
Neelanjan Sircar
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Female Labour Force Participation ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Urban Employment ◽  
Agricultural Employment ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Impact

In this article, we analyse the reasons for low female labour force participation (FLFP) across approximately 14,000 households in the Indian urban clusters of Dhanbad, Indore, Patna and Varanasi. We argue that expectations placed upon women to carry out household duties generate incentives for them to largely seek part-time work near their homes, due to what we term as flexibility and proximity of work. While this characterises most agricultural employment, this is not true of urban employment. Using this framework, we argue that requirements to travel large distances for most jobs put prohibitive costs on women entering the labour market. To empirically test our claims, we conduct a survey experiment on the female respondents who are currently unemployed in our sample to elicit labour market preferences. Our results are striking—women are 12 to 23 percentage points less likely to express a preference for a suitable job if they have to travel one hour to work. The magnitude of these effects is far greater than the impact of the primary wage earner of the household losing their job or other family members assisting the woman in household duties. We conclude the article by discussing the implications for policy.

scholarly journals The impact of childhood psychological health on labour force participation in later life

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Clark ◽  
M Smuk ◽  
D Lain ◽  
S Stansfeld ◽  
M van der Horst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Impact of Female Labour Force Participation on Household Income Inequality in Switzerland

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursina Kuhn ◽  
Laura Ravazzini
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Female Labour Force Participation ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This contribution investigates the link between female labour force participation and household income inequality using data from the Swiss Household Panel (2000-2014). Through index decomposition analyses, we find that female labour force participation has slightly attenuated household income inequality over time. Women’s entry into the labour market, higher work percentages within part-time work - but not the shift from part-time to full-time work - and the weak correlation in partner’s earnings have contributed to this effect.

Modelling the cost of ill health in Health&WealthMOD (Version II): lost labour force participation, income and taxation, and the impact of disease prevention

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Schofield ◽  
Rupendra Shrestha ◽  
Emily Callander ◽  
Richard Pervical ◽  
Simon Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Old Age Pensions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Pestieau ◽  
Mathieu Lefebvre
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
Demographic Challenges ◽  
Old Age Poverty ◽  
Future Outcomes ◽  
Social Security Benefits

This chapter gives an overview of the type of pension system existing in Europe. Contributive and redistributive systems are opposed but the chapter shows that pension systems are more often a mix of both. The chapter shows how these systems have been more or less effective in tackling old age poverty in most countries and it points to the main challenges that these systems are facing, namely population ageing and low labour-force participation. The major reforms that have been implemented to ensure future sustainability of pension systems are presented but a number of additional changes that should be implemented are discussed. The chapter also presents projections for future outcomes and the link between demographic challenges and social security benefits is highlighted.

scholarly journals Housing wealth, mortgages and Australians’ labour force participation in later life

Urban Studies ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 004209802110265
Author(s):  
Rachel Ong ◽  
Gavin A Wood ◽  
Melek Cigdem
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
House Prices ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Housing Markets ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Urban Housing ◽  
Housing Wealth ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Imputed Rent

In the life cycle model of consumption and saving, homeownership is an important vehicle for horizontal redistribution. Households accumulate wealth in owner-occupied housing during working lives before benefiting from imputed rent streams in retirement. But in some countries housing wealth’s welfare role has broadened as owners increasingly use flexible mortgages to smooth consumption during working lives. One consequence is higher outstanding mortgages later in life, a burden exacerbated by high real house prices that compel home buyers to demand mortgages that are a growing multiple of their incomes. We investigate whether these developments are prompting longer working lives, an idea that is especially relevant in countries offering relatively low government pensions. Australia is one such country. We use the 2001–2017 panels of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey to estimate hazard models of exits from the Australian labour force as workers approach pensionable age. We find that those with high outstanding mortgage debts are more likely to postpone retirement, as are those with relatively low amounts of private pension wealth. These results are stronger in urban housing markets, and especially among males.

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