Endemic Emergence of Cephalosporin-Resistant Enterobacter: Relation to Prior Therapy

1986 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 120-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Weinstein
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Prior Therapy ◽  
Cephalosporin Resistance ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

The “second” and “third” generation cephalosporins offer striking antimicrobial activity against a wide spectrum of Enterobacteriaceae. Nevertheless, mutants resistant to these drugs have emerged in both laboratory and clinical settings. For example, before the commercial availability of the third-generation agents, we treated three cardiac surgery patients for Enterobacter mediastinitis with aminoglycosides and high doses of cefamandole. In two, initial treatment failed due to emergence of strains that were not only resistant to cefamandole, but also to then experimental third-generation drugs. Despite such reports and in vitro studies of the mechanisms of resistance, the frequency with which broad-spectrum cephalosporin resistance develops in clinical practice is not clear. To help delineate this problem, we have reviewed our hospital's experience with Enterobacter strains resistant to newer cephalosporins (using cefamandole and cefotaxime as prototypes) and the relation of resistant strains to cephalosporin use, with special attention to our cardiac surgery patients.

scholarly journals Comparative Activity of Several Antimicrobial Agents against Nosocomial Gram-Negative Rods Isolated across Canada

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley R Scriver ◽  
Canadian Antimicrobial Resistance Study Group ◽  
Donald E Low
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cephalosporin Resistance ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins ◽  
Group 1

In 1992, a surveillance study was performed in Canada to determine the susceptibility of nosocomial Gram-negative rods to several wide spectrum antimicrobials. Consecutive isolates from 10 institutions, as well as additional strains of selected species of Enterobacteriaceae that are known to possess the Bush group 1 beta-lactamase, were tested for susceptibility to 12 antimicrobials. Third-generation cephalosporin resistance was found to be as high as 29% inEnterobacter cloacaethat possesses the Bush group 1 beta-lactamase and less than 4% in those isolates not possessing this enzyme. Cefepime equalled or exceeded the activity of the third-generation cephalosporins against the species of Enterobacteriaceae that demonstrated resistance to the third-generation cephalosporins.

Changing patterns and widening of antibiotic resistance inShigellaspp. over a decade (2000–2011), Andaman Islands, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. BHATTACHARYA ◽  
H. BHATTACHARYA ◽  
D. S. SAYI ◽  
A. P. BHARADWAJ ◽  
M. SINGHANIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

SUMMARYThis study is a part of the surveillance study on childhood diarrhoea in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands; here we report the drug resistance pattern of recent isolates ofShigellaspp. (2006–2011) obtained as part of that study and compare it with that ofShigellaisolates obtained earlier during 2000–2005. During 2006–2011, stool samples from paediatric diarrhoea patients were collected and processed for isolation and identification ofShigellaspp. Susceptibility to 22 antimicrobial drugs was tested and minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for third-generation cephalosporins, quinolones, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combinations and gentamicin. A wide spectrum of antibiotic resistance was observed in theShigellastrains obtained during 2006–2011. The proportions of resistant strains showed an increase from 2000–2005 to 2006–2011 in 20/22 antibiotics tested. The number of drug resistance patterns increased from 13 in 2000–2005 to 43 in 2006–2011. Resistance to newer generation fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporins and augmentin, which was not observed during 2000–2005, appeared during 2006–2011. The frequency of resistance inShigellaisolates has increased substantially between 2000–2006 and 2006–2011, with a wide spectrum of resistance. At present, the option for antimicrobial therapy in shigellosis in Andaman is limited to a small number of drugs.

Blood schizontocidal activity of azithromycin and its combination with α/β arteether against multi-drug resistant Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis, a novel MDR parasite model for antimalarial screening

Parasitology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. TRIPATHI ◽  
S. DHAWAN ◽  
G. P. DUTTA
Keyword(s):  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Plasmodium Yoelii ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Curative Effect ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
High Doses ◽  
New Compounds

Many different drug-resistant lines of rodent malaria are available as screening models. It is obligatory to screen new compounds for antimalarial activity against a series of resistant lines in order to identify a compound with potential for the treatment of multi-drug resistant (MDR) malaria infections. Instead of using a battery of resistant lines, a single MDR Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis strain that shows a wide spectrum of drug resistance to high doses of chloroquine, mepacrine, amodiaquine, mefloquine, quinine, quinidine, halofantrine as well as tetracyclines, fluoroquinolines and erythromycin, was used to assess the blood schizontocidal efficacy of a new macrolide azithromycin and other antibiotics. The present study shows that only azithromycin has the potential to control an MDR P. y. nigeriensis infection in Swiss mice, provided the treatment with a dose of 50–100 mg/kg/day by oral route is continued for a period of 7 days. Tetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxycyline, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, although active in vitro, failed to protect the mice. Tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin combinations with chloroquine did not control the infection. Additionally, the antimalarial efficacy of azithromycin can be potentiated with the addition of arteether, which is an ethyl ether derivative of artemisinin. A total (100%) curative effect has been obtained with a shorter regimen of 4 days only.

scholarly journals In Vitro Isolation and Characterization of Oxazolidinone-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew B. McNeil ◽  
Devon D. Dennison ◽  
Catherine D. Shelton ◽  
Tanya Parish
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
Ribosomal Protein L3 ◽  
Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT Oxazolidinones are promising candidates for the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. We isolated linezolid-resistant strains from H37Rv (Euro-American) and HN878 (East-Asian) strains; resistance frequencies were similar in the two strains. Mutations were identified in ribosomal protein L3 (RplC) and the 23S rRNA (rrl). All mutant strains were cross resistant to sutezolid; a subset was cross resistant to chloramphenicol. Mutations in rrl led to growth impairment and decreased fitness that may limit spread in clinical settings.

scholarly journals Characterization of Third-Generation-Cephalosporin-Resistant Shiga Toxin-Producing Strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Japan

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 3035-3038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuji Kawahara ◽  
Kazuko Seto ◽  
Masumi Taguchi ◽  
Chie Nakajima ◽  
Yuko Kumeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

We isolated Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coliO157:H7 strains resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. The resistant strains harboredblaCMY-2, a plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase. Genotyping of isolates revealed the possible spread of this problematic bacterium. Results suggested the importance of the investigation and surveillance of enterobacteria with plasmids harboringblaCMY-2.

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