scholarly journals High Resolution EUV & Soft X-Ray Spectrometers Using Variable Groove Spacings

1984 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
M. Lampton ◽  
M.C Hettrick ◽  
S. Bowyer
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Optical System ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Focus Beam ◽  
Astrophysical Plasmas ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stellar Spectroscopy ◽  
Grating Spectrometer ◽  
Reflection Grating

Spectroscopic analysis is a powerful technique for the diagnosis of temperatures and compositions of astrophysical plasmas. The EUV (100–1000Å) and soft x-ray (10–100Å) bands contain hundreds of potentially useful diagnostic lines. Unfortunately, traditional types of grating spectrometer become inefficient or unwieldy when adapted to stellar spectroscopy onboard a spacecraft. At grazing incidence, the required length of a high-resolution plane-grating spectrometer can easily exceed the length of the telescope feeding it. For these reasons, we have systematically explored ways to introduce a reflection grating into the converging beam formed by a given objective optical system ahead of its first focus. A spectrometer of this type results in an optical train no longer than the telescope’s existing prime-focus beam.

scholarly journals High resolution X-ray spectroscopy ofζPuppis with the XMM-Newton reflection grating spectrometer

2001 ◽  
Vol 365 (1) ◽  
pp. L312-L317 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Kahn ◽  
M. A. Leutenegger ◽  
J. Cottam ◽  
G. Rauw ◽  
J.-M. Vreux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Grating Spectrometer ◽  
Reflection Grating

Theory & Performance of Holographically-Formed Stigmatic X-Ray Gratings

1975 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 643-656
Author(s):  
R. J. Speer
Keyword(s):  
Fringe Pattern ◽  
Optical Design ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Laser Fusion ◽  
Molecular Chemistry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
First Order ◽  
Imaging Theory ◽  
Reflection Grating ◽  
Aberration Corrected

Holographically-formed X-ray reflection grating scan now be constructed with competitive groove efficiency to classically ruled types, down to a short wavelength diffracting limit of several angstroms.The gratings can be generated on any surface capable of intersecting the interference fringe pattern without shadowing. This fact alone brings several new X-ray optical design possibilities within reach, for example, by combining plane construction waves with steep aspheric substrates. The first order imaging theory of the grazing incidence mounting is discussed and compared to measured performance for aberration corrected stigmatic types.A new 5 meter spectrograph has also been constructed with applications in molecular chemistry, laser fusion research and synchro tronspectroscopy. The unit is available with fully prefocussed holographic and classical X-ray grating optics, and uses the precision miniature camera principle of fully interchangeable lenses, but applied, in this case to the entrance slit, grating and detector modules.

Extreme X-ray beam compression for a high-resolution table-top grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering setup

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1544-1550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matej Jergel ◽  
Peter Šiffalovič ◽  
Karol Végsö ◽  
Eva Majková ◽  
Dušan Korytár ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Space Resolution ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Medium Resolution ◽  
Beam Parameters ◽  
Ray Scattering

The application of V-shaped channel-cut GeSi(220) and Ge(220) monochromators for one-dimensional extreme X-ray beam compression was tested on a table-top setup for grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) with a microfocus source. A lattice constant gradient and different asymmetry angles of the diffractors were employed to enhance the compression factor to 21 and 15, respectively. It was demonstrated that the output beam parameters in terms of the size, divergence, photon flux and spectral bandwidth surpass those of the slit collimators used traditionally in GISAXS. A beam size far below 100 µm allows a high-resolution spatial GISAXS mapping, while the reciprocal space resolution of ∼500 nm approaches the level of synchrotron measurements and allows a fast one-shot detection of high-resolution GISAXS patterns. An oversampling shifts the detection limit up to ∼1 µm. The very short design of the compact high-resolution table-top GISAXS setup is another advantage of the extreme beam compression. Benefits of V-shaped monochromators for medium-resolution X-ray diffraction experiments as a bonus application are demonstrated by a comparison with parallel channel-cut monochromators combined with a slit.

Integrated x-ray testing of the electro-optical breadboard model for the X-ray Multimirror Mission (XMM) reflection grating spectrometer

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay V. Bixler ◽  
Henry J. M. Aarts ◽  
Wolfgang Burkert ◽  
Antonius J. F. den Boggende ◽  
Graziella Branduardi-Raymont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Ray ◽  
Grating Spectrometer ◽  
Reflection Grating

scholarly journals Potential use of V-channel Ge(220) monochromators in X-ray metrology and imaging

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 945-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Korytár ◽  
P. Vagovič ◽  
K. Végsö ◽  
P. Šiffalovič ◽  
E. Dobročka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Beam Deflection ◽  
Asymmetry Factor ◽  
Compositional Variation ◽  
Intensity Increase ◽  
Silicon Sample ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Resolution Imaging

While channel-cut crystals, in which the diffracting surfaces in an asymmetric cut are kept parallel, can provide beam collimation and spectral beam shaping, they can in addition provide beam compression or expansion if the cut is V-shaped. The compression/expansion ratio depends in this case on the total asymmetry factor. If the Ge(220) diffraction planes and a total asymmetry factor in excess of 10 are used, the rocking curves of two diffractors will have a sufficient overlap only if the second diffractor is tuned slightly with respect to the first one. This study compares and analyses several ways of overcoming this mismatch, which is due to refraction, when the CuKα1beam is compressed 21-fold in a V21 monochromator. A more than sixfold intensity increase was obtained if the matching was improved either by a compositional variation or by a thermal deformation. This provided an intensity gain compared with the use of a simple slit in a symmetrical channel-cut monochromator. The first attempt to overcome the mismatch by introducing different types of X-ray prisms for the required beam deflection is described as well. The performance of the V-shaped monochromators is demonstrated in two applications. A narrow collimated monochromatic beam obtained in the beam compressing mode was used for high-resolution grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering measurements of a silicon sample with corrupted surface. In addition, a two-dimensional Bragg magnifier, based on two crossed V15 channel monochromators in beam expansion mode and tuned by means of unequal asymmetries, was successfully applied to high-resolution imaging of test structures in combination with a Medipix detector.

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