Particulars of His Life: An Obituary for B. F. Skinner

1990 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 30-31
Author(s):  
Leo Marai

Burrhus Frederic Skinner was born on the 20th March 1904 in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania; he died on the 18th August 1990 at Auburn Hospital, Cambridge Massachussetts.The man whose name is synonymous with behaviourism became interested in the subject through the works of the American behavioural psychologist John B. Watson and the Russian physiologist Ivan P. Pavlov. But after graduating from Hamilton College in 1926, his first interest was not psychology. He first tried his hand at fiction and poetry before eventually concluding that his talents lay elsewhere.Skinner earned his doctorate from Harvard University in 1931 and remained at that university as a researcher until 1936, investigating the adaptive behaviour of organisms to environmental stimuli. In 1937 he joined the University of Minnesota as an Assistant Professor; it was in Minnesota that he wrote his first major work, The Behavior of Organisms (1938), in which he presented the principles of operant conditioning. In 1945 he was appointed Professor at Indiana University; there he wrote Walden Two (1948), a utopian treatment of how society might be based on learning principles--simultaneously fulfilling his earlier ambitions in the field of literature. In 1948 Skinner returned to Harvard, where he remained until his death--some 16 years past his “retirement” in 1974.

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas B Nelson ◽  
Paul C Adams

Dr Douglas Nelson is a staff physician in the department of gastroenterology at the Minneapolis VA Medical Center (Minnesota, USA) and a Professor of Medicine at the University of Minnesota (USA). He has written numerous articles on the subject of infection control during gastrointestinal endoscopy, and was the lead author of the "Multi-society guideline for reprocessing flexible gastrointestinal endoscopes" (1).


Author(s):  
Julia Kuznetski (née Tofantšuk) ◽  
Stacy Alaimo

      The interview was mainly conducted at Tallinn University in January 2019, when Stacy Alaimo visited the Graduate Winter School “The Humanities and Posthumanities: New Ways of Being Human” and gave a plenary lecture titled “Onto-epistemologies for the Anthropocene, or Who will be the Subject of the Posthumanities?”, and completed in spring 2020, to address immediately unfolding issues.          Alaimo is an internationally recognized scholar of American literature, ecocultural theory, environmental humanities, science studies, gender theory, and new materialism. She is the author of three monographs on environmental theory and ecocultural studies: Undomesticated Ground: Recasting Nature as Feminist Space (Cornell University Press, 2000); Bodily Natures: Science, Environment, and the Material Self (Indiana University Press, 2010); and Exposed: Environmental Politics and Pleasures in Posthuman Times (University of Minnesota Press, 2016).  Alaimo has edited and co-edited essay collections, including Science Studies and the Blue Humanities (essay cluster for SLSA journal, Configurations. Fall 2019); Matter (MacMillan Interdisciplinary Handbooks, 2017); Material Feminisms (with Susan Hekman, Indiana University Press, 2008), and is the author of a significant number of essays and book chapters. She co-edits a book series, “Elements,” at Duke University Press. Her current work focuses on oceans and marine life: she is currently finishing a book tentatively titled, Composing Blue Ecologies: Science, Aesthetics, and the Creatures of the Abyss. Alaimo served as co-President of ASLE (The Association for the Study of Literature and Environment), and created and directed the cross-disciplinary minor in Environmental and Sustainability Studies at the University of Texas and Arlington. She joined the faculty of the University of Oregon in 2019, where she is Professor of English and core faculty member in environmental studies.       The interview addresses the evolution of her views as represented in Undomesticated Ground (2000), as well as the connections and tensions of feminism and environmentalism; it moves on to Bodily Natures (2010), in which she develops her seminal concept of transcorporeality; and looks into her ongoing interest in the deep sea and its representation in culture, the focus of her current book project, Composing Blue Ecologies.      The interview discusses the importance of transcorporeality in the Anthropocene, as an alternative to “self-aggrandizing” accounts “in which some transhistorical ‘Man’ acts upon the inert, external matter of the world.” Examples from both science and culture illustrate the concepts discussed, reaching out into important political concerns of the day, such as climate refugees, sustainability as a labour and power issue, divisive dichotomies and understanding difference. The theme of water as an example of transcorporeality and a burning ecological issue is taken up, touching upon the current vulnerability of the Baltic Sea and elaborating on the material and ideas developed in the new book that Stacy Alaimo is working on. The final part of the interview addresses the environmental implications of the COVID-19 crisis.


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 475-480
Author(s):  
Simon Ditchfield

Abstract After a discussion of the twentieth anniversary issue, the author of the book which is the subject of our “round table” review of this twenty-fifth anniversary issue: Merry Wiesner Hanks’ What is Early Modern History (2021) is introduced. This is followed by a brief account of the rationale behind the foundation of the JEMH in the 1990s and how, from the very first issue, the journal has tried to decolonize our understanding of the period 1300–1800, as exemplified by Antony Black’s warning that: “we should stop selling off second-hand concepts to unsuspecting non-European cultures.” Passing comment is made on the chronological (as well as geographical) breadth of the coverage of the JEMH which accords well with the recent merger of the Centers for Medieval and Early Modern History at the University of Minnesota (to form the Center for Premodern Studies). At a time when the advocacy of the study of pre-modern history is vital as never before, this situates the JEMH very well. The introduction closes with a series of acknowledgements and thanks not only directed to the editorial team both in Minnesota and Leiden for the support they have given me, as editor-in-chief, since July 2010, but also to the numerous authors and readers of manuscripts who have made the journal what it is today.


PMLA ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 879-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley R. Hauer

Throughout his life, Jefferson maintained an active but intermittent interest in the study of Old English. He collected a sizable library in the subject and advocated the utility of Old English to the professions, especially law. His major work, the Essay on the Anglo-Saxon Language, proposed radical simplifications in pedagogy and instituted at the University of Virginia the first college course of Old English ever taught in America. In several important ways Jefferson accurately predicted the future of Old English studies, and he rightly criticized the Latinate bias of contemporary grammars. Nevertheless, his ignorance of Germanic philology undermined many of his ideas on the grammar and phonology of Old English.


Neurosurgery ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. E366-E373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Lang ◽  
John Tsiang ◽  
Nina Z Moore ◽  
Mark D Bain ◽  
Michael P Steinmetz

Abstract Robert J. White is probably best known as the first neurosurgeon to perform successful “cephalic exchange” on monkeys in 1971. However, he was also a pioneer in the field of neurosurgery and contributed tremendously to the field of neuroanesthesia and bioethics. White received medical training at the University of Minnesota, Harvard University, Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, and Mayo Clinic before becoming the first Chief of Neurosurgery at Metrohealth Hospital in Cleveland, Ohio. He made significant strides in the field of spinal cord cooling and hypothermia. White and his team was also the first to successfully isolate the monkey brain with retention of biological activity. In 2004 and 2006, White and colleagues were nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine, with Harvey Cushing and Wilder Penfield being the only other 2 neurosurgeons ever to be nominated for the award. Aside from his career as a neurosurgeon, he was also an advisor to 2 popes and an advocate for animal research. By the end of his career, White performed over 10 000 brain operations and published over 1000 articles, which has pushed the frontiers of neurosurgical research.


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