History Repeats Itself. The Issue of Terrorism and Afghanistan on the Twentieth Anniversary of the 9/11 Attacks

From the editor

EVENTS OF THE “SECOND BAZAAR” AND THE FINAL SOLUTION OF THE JEWISH ISSUE IN THE TOWN OF BAZAAR BY THE NAZI OCCUPATION AUTHORITIES

This study supplements factual data on the commemoration of the twentieth anniversary of the execution of the UPR army soldiers by Bolshevik troops, identified in historiographic sources as the “Second Bazaar”. Another issue considered in the paper is the execution of the local Jewish population, carried out exactly on the day of commemoration of the victims of the Bazaar tragedy. The methodological basis of the study is constituted by the methods of source heuristics. By detecting, processing, and introducing a new set of archival sources – archival and criminal cases – into scientific circulation, the existing factual basis on the specified events has been expanded. The contradictory and subjective nature of the given sources also necessitates the use of appropriate methodological tools. Therefore, the method which Robin George Collingwood once described as “cross-examination on the bench” is utilized, when the historian “cross-interrogates the sources to extract information that they did not disclose in their previous testimony, or because they did not want to give it, or because they did not have it”. To fully cover and reconstruct the specified events, a descriptive method is employed. The scientific novelty of the paper lies in the fact that it presents a comprehensive account of specific details of the preparation and commemoration of the 20th anniversary of the Bazaar tragedy, and in fact, it is the first in modern Ukrainian historiography generalized study of the local Jewish population’s execution on the day of the Bazar anniversary. Conclusions. The events of the “Second Bazaar” have become one of the symbols of the Ukrainian national struggle for statehood, representing another tragic page in the history of the Ukrainian and Jewish peoples. Further research might be conducted to personalize the members and sympathizers of the OUN, participants of the commemoration events of the “Second Bazaar”, victims of Nazi repressions and determine the exact number of Jewish people killed.

XXI festival “Zodchesvo in Siberia 2021”

The Festival “Zodchestvo of Eastern Siberia” was founded at the turn of the millennium. The first Festival was held in 2001 at Irkutsk Sibexpocenter and caused a massive outcry among the architectural community in Siberia and throughout the country. Later the Festival “Zodchestvo of Eastern Siberia” became one of the most important annual architectural events in Russia. The first participants of the Festival were the architects from Eastern Siberia (such cities as Irkutsk, Angarsk, Bratsk, Chita and Krasnoyarsk, republics of Buryatia, Tyva, Khakassia, as well as Ust-Ordynsky and Aginsky national districts of Buryatia). Since 2007 architects from Western Siberia (Omsk and Barnaul) have also participated in the Festival. The Festival becomes open. The most topical issues are discussed at the Discussion Club of the Festival. Among the most prominent experts are A. Rappaport, O. Vendina, L. Kogan, A. Vysokovsky, A. Gimelstein, A.Kaftanov, M. Rozhansky, V. Dyatlov, A. Ivanov, D. Fesenko, A. Sirina, A. Finogenov. Prominent Russian architects give master classes, which enjoy great popularity. Thanks to the Festival, within twenty years, Siberian architects have met with masters from the capitals: Y. Gnedovsky, A. Asadov, S. Kiselev, A. Skokan, A. Bavykin, V. Plotkin, A. Savin, A. Cheltsov, A. Pavlova, S. Skuratov, N. Yavein, T. Kuzembaev, M. Mamoshin, Yu. Zemtsov, A. Bokov, T. Bashkaev, S. Gnedovsky, A. Chernikhov, V. Kuzmin, foreign architects M. Drahovsky, D. Dendra, G. Stanishev, as well as Siberian experts I. Popovsky, A. Myakota, P. Anisiforov, A. Dering and many other colleagues. The organizers consider the Festival to be a preparation stage for the International Festival “Zodchestvo” in Moscow. “Zodchestvo of Eastern Siberia” is traditionally held in Irkutsk. In 2014 it was first held in Krasnoyarsk, and in 2017 Krasnoyarsk housed the Festival for the second time. In the same year, Altai architects proposed to hold the next Festival in Barnaul. Thus, the Festival went beyond the borders of Eastern Siberia. We decided to maintain the name of the Festival, filling it with a new geographical meaning: “Zodchestvo in Siberia”. In 2018 the Festival was held in Barnaul, the capital of Altai, and in 2019 it was held in Tomsk. The twentieth-anniversary event took place on the native land, the city of Irkutsk. This year, Kemerovo celebrates the 300th anniversary of Kuzbass and hospitably hosts the Festival “Zodchestvo in Siberia 2021”.

Introduction

After a discussion of the twentieth anniversary issue, the author of the book which is the subject of our “round table” review of this twenty-fifth anniversary issue: Merry Wiesner Hanks’ What is Early Modern History (2021) is introduced. This is followed by a brief account of the rationale behind the foundation of the JEMH in the 1990s and how, from the very first issue, the journal has tried to decolonize our understanding of the period 1300–1800, as exemplified by Antony Black’s warning that: “we should stop selling off second-hand concepts to unsuspecting non-European cultures.” Passing comment is made on the chronological (as well as geographical) breadth of the coverage of the JEMH which accords well with the recent merger of the Centers for Medieval and Early Modern History at the University of Minnesota (to form the Center for Premodern Studies). At a time when the advocacy of the study of pre-modern history is vital as never before, this situates the JEMH very well. The introduction closes with a series of acknowledgements and thanks not only directed to the editorial team both in Minnesota and Leiden for the support they have given me, as editor-in-chief, since July 2010, but also to the numerous authors and readers of manuscripts who have made the journal what it is today.

Tribute to John C. Martin at the Twentieth Anniversary of the Breakthrough of Tenofovir in the Treatment of HIV Infections

At Bristol-Myers (BM) (1985–1990), John C. Martin started his HIV career with directing the clinical development of didanosine (ddI) and stavudine (d4T). During this period, he became aware of the acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (ANPs), such as (S)-HPMPA and PMEA, as potential antiviral drugs. Under his impulse, BM got involved in the evaluation of these ANPs, but the merger of BM with Squibb (to become BMS) incited John to leave BM and join Gilead Sciences, and the portfolio of the ANPs followed the transition. At Gilead, John succeeded in obtaining the approval from the US FDA for the use of cidofovir in the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients, which was reminiscent of John’s first experience with ganciclovir (at Syntex) as an anti-CMV agent. At Gilead, John would then engineer the development of tenofovir, first as TDF (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) and then as TAF (tenofovir alafenamide) and various combinations thereof, for the treatment of HIV infections (i), TDF and TAF for the treatment of hepatitis B (HBV) infections (ii), and TDF and TAF in combination with emtricitabine for the prophylaxis of HIV infections (iii).

Editorial

I took over as editor of BHS in January 2019. In that time, we have put out three regular issues, which have contained a large variety of work focusing on gender issues concerning boys and young men, and three special issues on more specific topics, such as boyhood and belonging and the work of one of the leading masculinities scholars of the past 30 years, Raewyn Connell. These two recent special issues (13.2 and 14.1) contained work from established and emerging scholars focusing on the twentieth anniversary of Connell’s seminal text, The Men and the Boys. Despite the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, they have been very well received, and articles in this collection are among the most read in the journal’s history.

Brief Communication: Key papers of 20 years in Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences

To mark the twentieth anniversary of Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences (NHESS), an interdisciplinary and international journal dedicated to the public discussion and open-access publication of high-quality studies and original research on natural hazards and their consequences, we highlight eleven key publications covering major subject areas of NHESS that stood out within the past 20 years. The selected articles represent excellent scientific contributions in the major areas of natural hazards and risks and helped NHESS to become an exceptionally strong journal representing interdisciplinary areas of natural hazards and risks. At its 20th anniversary, we are proud that NHESS is not only used by scientists to disseminate research results and innovative novel ideas but also by practitioners and decision-makers to present effective solutions and strategies for sustainable disaster risk reduction.

Shai Feraro and Ethan Doyle White (eds.), Magic and Witchery in the Modern West: Celebrating the Twentieth Anniversary of ‘Triumph of the Moon’

Shai Feraro and Ethan Doyle White (eds.), Magic and Witchery in the Modern West: Celebrating the Twentieth Anniversary of ‘Triumph of the Moon’ (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019), xiii + 259 pp., $119.99 (hbk), ISBN: 9783030155490.