Xe K-shell X-ray generation using conical nozzle and 25 TW laser

AbstractTo increase X-ray photon number generated by laser-cluster interaction, it is important to understand the dependence of X-ray generation on cluster size. We carried out Xe K-shell X-ray generation using a conical nozzle with Xe clusters, the radius of which was controllable by adjusting the backing pressure. The experiment clarifies the result that the Xe K-shell X-ray photon number increases with increasing cluster radius from 8 to 12 nm, and saturates at the radius between 12 and 17 nm. We also investigated the Xe K-shell X-ray photon number dependence on laser intensity, and found that the threshold laser intensity of the Xe K-shell X-ray generation exists between 2 × 1017 and 5 × 1018 W/cm2.

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Soft X-ray emission from an anharmonic collisional nanoplasma by a laser–nanocluster interaction

Journal of Plasma Physics ◽

10.1017/s0022377821000611 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 87 (3) ◽

Author(s):

R. Nemati Siahmazgi ◽

S. Jafari

Keyword(s):

Electric Field ◽

Laser Beam ◽

Resonant Frequency ◽

Restoring Force ◽

Cluster Radius ◽

X Ray ◽

Nonlinear Restoring Force ◽

Cluster Temperature ◽

Argon Clusters ◽

Helium Neon

The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the generation of soft X-ray emission from an anharmonic collisional nanoplasma by a laser–nanocluster interaction. The electric field of the laser beam interacts with the nanocluster and leads to ionization of the cluster atoms, which then produces a nanoplasma. Because of the nonlinear restoring force in an anharmonic nanoplasma, the fluctuations and heating rate of, as well as the power radiated by, the electrons in the nanocluster plasma will be notably different from those arising from a linear restoring force. By comparing the nonlinear restoring force state (which arises from an anharmonic cluster) with that of the linear restoring force (in harmonic clusters), the cluster temperature specifically changes at the resonant frequency relative to the linear restoring force, while the variation of the anharmonic cluster radius is almost identical to that of the harmonic cluster radius. In addition, it is revealed that a sharp peak of X-ray emission arises after some picoseconds in deuterium, helium, neon and argon clusters.

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Impact of Gas Backing Pressure and Geometry of Conical Nozzle on the Formation of Methane Clusters in Supersonic Jets

The Journal of Physical Chemistry A ◽

10.1021/jp902094g ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 114 (1) ◽

pp. 2-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Haiyang Lu ◽

Guanglong Chen ◽

Guoquan Ni ◽

Ruxin Li ◽

Zhizhan Xu

Keyword(s):

Supersonic Jets ◽

Conical Nozzle ◽

Backing Pressure

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Visualization of microvessels by angiography using inverse-Compton scattering X-rays in animal models

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation ◽

10.1107/s1600577514017500 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 1327-1332 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Toshiharu Fujii ◽

Naoto Fukuyama ◽

Chiharu Tanaka ◽

Yoshimori Ikeya ◽

Yoshiro Shinozaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Compton Scattering ◽

Photon Number ◽

High Gain ◽

Image Sensor ◽

Clinical Settings ◽

X Rays ◽

X Ray ◽

Inverse Compton Scattering ◽

Small Vessels ◽

Inverse Compton

The fundamental performance of microangiography has been evaluated using the S-band linac-based inverse-Compton scattering X-ray (iCSX) method to determine how many photons would be required to apply iCSX to human microangiography. ICSX is characterized by its quasi-monochromatic nature and small focus size which are fundamental requirements for microangiography. However, the current iCSX source does not have sufficient flux for microangiography in clinical settings. It was determined whether S-band compact linac-based iCSX can visualize small vessels of excised animal organs, and the amount of X-ray photons required for real time microangiography in clinical settings was estimated. The iCSX coupled with a high-gain avalanche rushing amorphous photoconductor camera could visualize a resolution chart with only a single iCSX pulse of ∼3 ps duration; the resolution was estimated to be ∼500 µm. The iCSX coupled with an X-ray cooled charge-coupled device image sensor camera visualized seventh-order vascular branches (80 µm in diameter) of a rabbit ear by accumulating the images for 5 and 30 min, corresponding to irradiation of 3000 and 18000 iCSX pulses, respectively. The S-band linac-based iCSX visualized microvessels by accumulating the images. An iCSX source with a photon number of 3.6 × 103–5.4 × 104times greater than that used in this study may enable visualizing microvessels of human fingertips even in clinical settings.

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Energy Spectra of Photo- and Auger Electrons Generated by a Soft X-Ray Laser and Xe Cluster Interaction

Springer Proceedings in Physics - X-Ray Lasers 2010 ◽

10.1007/978-94-007-1186-0_34 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 307-311

Author(s):

S. Namba ◽

N. Hasegawa ◽

M. Kishimoto ◽

M. Nishikino ◽

T. Kawachi

Keyword(s):

Energy Spectra ◽

Auger Electrons ◽

X Ray ◽

Cluster Interaction

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Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Polymers from Surface-Modified Oxometallate Clusters

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-628-cc2.3 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 628 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ulrich Schubert ◽

Gregor Trimmel ◽

Bogdan Moraru ◽

Walter Tesch ◽

Peter Fratzl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methyl Methacrylate ◽

Cluster Size ◽

Polymer Chains ◽

Scattering Data ◽

Hybrid Polymers ◽

X Ray ◽

Organic Hybrid ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Solvent Uptake ◽

Surface Modified

ABSTRACTInorganic-organic hybrid polymers were prepared by radical polymerization of methacrylic acid or methyl methacrylate with the (meth) acrylate-substituted oxozirconium and oxotitanium clusters Zr6(OH)4O4(OMc)12(OMc = methacrylate), Zr4O2(OMc)12, Ti6O4(OEt)8(OMc)8 and Ti4O2(OPri)6(OAcr)6(OAcr = acrylate). A few mol% of cluster is sufficient for an efficient cross-linking of the polymer chains. Small-angle X-ray scattering data indicate that the cluster size is retained in the polymers and that the microstructure of the cluster cross-linked samples can be described by a dispersion of identical spherical or disk-shaped clusters in the polymer. The obtained hybrid polymers exhibit a higher thermal stability because depolymerization reactions are inhibited. Contrary to undoped poly (methyl methacrylate), the cluster cross-linked polymers are insoluble but swell in organic solvents. The solvent uptake upon swelling decreases with an increasing amount of polymerized cluster.

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Production and Characterization of Deposited Mono-Sized Clusters

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-206-351 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 206 ◽

Author(s):

Donald M. Cox ◽

Barbara Kessler ◽

Pierre Fayet ◽

Wolfgang Eberhardt ◽

Rex D. Sherwood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cluster Size ◽

Surface Coverage ◽

Metal Clusters ◽

High Energy ◽

Cluster Ions ◽

Rare Gas ◽

Ion Sputtering ◽

Transition Metal Clusters ◽

X Ray

ABSTRACTUsing high energy rare gas ion sputtering of metal targets, we are able to produce nanoamps of mass selected transition metal clusters. Mono-sized cluster ions are deposited at low kinetic energy upon substrates, e.g. silica or carbon, and are then characterized using UV and x-ray photoemission. In this paper we will discuss photoemission measurements of the 4f7/2 core level energies of Au (1–5,7 atom samples) clusters deposited on silica. From such studies we are beginning to understand how electronic structure, cluster stability and mobility depend on (deposited) cluster size, surface coverage, and substrate temperature.

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Publisher’s Note: Cluster-size distribution effects in laser-cluster interaction experiments [Phys. Rev. A64, 055201 (2001)]

Physical Review A ◽

10.1103/physreva.68.019901 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

Author(s):

K. J. Mendham ◽

N. Hay ◽

M. B. Mason ◽

J. W. G. Tisch ◽

J. P. Marangos

Keyword(s):

Size Distribution ◽

Cluster Size ◽

Cluster Size Distribution ◽

Cluster Interaction

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Determination of the laser intensity applied to a Ta witness plate from the measured x-ray signal using a pulsed micro-channel plate detector

High Energy Density Physics ◽

10.1016/j.hedp.2017.04.003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

pp. 159-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L.A. Pickworth ◽

M.D. Rosen ◽

M.B. Schneider ◽

D.E. Hinkel ◽

L.R. Benedetti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Laser Intensity ◽

Micro Channel ◽

X Ray ◽

Channel Plate ◽

Micro Channel Plate ◽

Witness Plate

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AGN Triggering in the Infall Regions of Distant X-Ray Luminous Galaxy Clusters at0.9

Advances in Astronomy ◽

10.1155/2012/138380 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

R. Fassbender ◽

R. Šuhada ◽

A. Nastasi

Keyword(s):

Point Source ◽

Galaxy Clusters ◽

Large Scale ◽

Large Scale Structure ◽

Scale Structure ◽

Point Sources ◽

Cluster Radius ◽

X Ray ◽

Full Band ◽

Triggering Mechanisms

Observational constraints on the average radial distribution profile of AGN in distant galaxy clusters can provide important clues on the triggering mechanisms of AGN activity in dense environments and are essential for a completeness evaluation of cluster selection techniques in the X-ray and mm wavebands. The aim of this work is a statistical study with XMM-Newtonof the presence and distribution of X-ray AGN in the large-scale structure environments of 22 X-ray luminous galaxy clusters in the redshift range0.9<z≲1.6compiled by the XMM-NewtonDistant Cluster Project (XDCP). To this end, the X-ray point source lists from detections in the soft band (0.35–2.4 keV) and full band (0.3–7.5 keV) were stacked in cluster-centric coordinates and compared to average background number counts extracted from three independent control fields in the same observations. A significant full-band (soft-band) excess of ∼78 (67) X-ray point sources is found in the cluster fields within an angular distance of8′(4 Mpc) at a statistical confidence level of 4.0σ (4.2σ), corresponding to an average number of detected excess AGN per cluster environment of 3.5 ± 0.9 (3.0 ± 0.7). The data point towards a rising radial profile in the cluster region (r<1 Mpc) of predominantly low-luminosity AGN with an average detected excess of about one point source per system, with a tentative preferred occurrence along the main cluster elongation axis. A second statistically significant overdensity of brighter soft-band-detected AGN is found at cluster-centric distances of 4′–6′(2-3 Mpc), corresponding to about three times the average cluster radiusR200of the systems. If confirmed, these results would support the idea of two different physical triggering mechanisms of X-ray AGN activity in dependence of the radially changing large-scale structure environment of the distant clusters. For high-zcluster studies at lower spatial resolution with the upcoming eROSITA all-sky X-ray survey, the results suggest that cluster-associated X-ray AGN may impose a bias in the spectral analysis of high-zsystems, while their detection and flux measurements in the soft band may not be significantly affected.

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