Chemical plant-soil relationships in tropical forests

1986 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank B. Golley
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Plant Association ◽  
Terra Firme ◽  
Chemical Abundances ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Rio Negro ◽  
Copper Manganese ◽  
Lead Magnesium ◽  
San Carlos

ABSTRACTPlant and soil samples collected from four tropical forest areas were used to examine the correlation between the chemical abundances in soil and vegetation. On fertile soils in Panama and Colombia soil concentrations of copper, manganese, cobalt and zinc were correlated with plant concentrations. Calcium, caesium, iron, lead, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium and strontium-concentrations were not correlated. Factor analysis of plant chemistry at nine sites showed very little commonality between sites, even of vegetation belonging to the same plant association. A copper, manganese, cobalt, zinc factor was not recognized except in one case. A similar study of plant soil correlation in Colombia supported the conclusions from Panama; for most elements there was little evidence for significant correlation between plant and soil concentrations.Analysis of plant-soil relationships on very infertile latosols with terra firme forest in the Amazon at San Carlos de Rio Negro, Venezuela and Manaus, Brazil revealed a soil effect on the statistical distributions of the elements in the plant biomass. This effect was strongest on the least fertile site at Manaus and was strongest for essential elements. The pattern of chemical distributions appears to be due to the fact that some species are capable of concentrating high levels of elements even under conditions of very low supply in the substrate.

The human factors of the sport and recreational fishery of San Carlos de Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina

2000 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.H Vigliano ◽  
G Lippolt ◽  
A Denegri ◽  
M Alonso ◽  
P Macchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Rio Negro ◽  
Recreational Fishery ◽  
San Carlos

scholarly journals Del dicho al hecho: el derecho a la salud en Río Negro, Argentina

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (65) ◽  
pp. 359-371
Author(s):  
Soledad Analía Perez ◽  
Serena Perner
Keyword(s):  
Rio Negro ◽  
San Carlos

En el presente artículo analizamos la distancia entre el plan de salud vigente en la provincia de Río Negro, Argentina, el marco de oportunidades y recursos que brinda el Estado y las actividades de cuidado que se llevan a cabo en un Centro de Salud ubicado en la ciudad de San Carlos de Bariloche desde un enfoque de derechos. Ponemos en diálogo el plan de salud provincial con las percepciones del personal de dicho centro surgidas de entrevistas en profundidad, observaciones y grupos focales, analizando indicadores de estructura y de proceso.

Diffusion-Linked Microbial Metabolism in the Vadose Zone

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Watson ◽  
R. F. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Vadose Zone ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Soil Organisms ◽  
Transport And Transformation ◽  
Low Energy Electrons

Figure 7.1 is a schematic of nutrient and contaminant transformations and cycling in the vadose zone. As detailed in Harris and Arnold (1995), higher plants take up C, N, P, and S in their most oxidized forms and use, via photosynthesis, the Sun’s energy and low-energy electrons from the oxygen in water to convert the oxidized forms of these essential elements into the relatively high energy reduced forms comprising plant biomass. Following plant death, the biomass residues enter the soil and are attacked by soil organisms as a source of food. The plant residues are depolymerized and the reduced, high-energy monomers are assimilated in part into soil organism biomass, and in part are used as electron donors to combine with the most thermodynamically efficient electron acceptors for dissimilatory energy generation to drive growth and maintenance reactions. In aerobic zones, oxygen is the preferred electron acceptor as long as it is nonlimiting. Death of soil organisms produces dead biomass which re-enters the biological reactor. Ultimately, via respiration in aerobic soils, all the reduced C, N, P, and S materials are released as their oxidized forms, and oxygen is reduced to water to complete the cycle. Ideally, the cycle is conservative, particularly from the standpoint of nonleakage of nutrients, such as nitrate, into the groundwater. Similarly, contaminants entering the vadose zone, either as a function of agronomic use or by accident, should ideally be integrated into the natural nutrient cycles and converted to harmless by-products for assimilation and dissimilation by soil organisms and higher plants (Liu, 1994). Management of nutrient and contaminant transformations by the soil organisms requires a thorough understanding of the ecophysiological and solute transport ground rules that control the nature and rates of transformation options available to the soil organisms. In models of chemical transport and transformation through the vadose zone, colonies of microorganisms are frequently treated as a homogeneous biofilm reactor (Grant and Rochette, 1994). Often, modeling efforts are focused on environmental conditions external to the microbial colony. This consideration of the colony as a biofilm with relatively constant nutrient uptake rates ignores the growth differentiation that occurs as the colony develops

scholarly journals The water budget of an amazonian rain forest

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cari F. Jordan ◽  
Jochen Heuveldop
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Water Budget ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Rio Negro ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Stem Flow ◽  
Amazonian Rain Forest ◽  
San Carlos ◽  
Yearly Precipitation

Abstract In a tropical rain forest near San Carlos de Rio Negro, Venezuela, average yearly precipitation from September 1, 1975, through August 31, 1977 was 3664 mm. Throughfall was 87% of precipitation, stem flow was 8%, transpiration was 47%, evaporation from leaf surfaces was 5%, and sub-surface runoff was 48%. These results conform closely to the prediction of Marques et al. (1977) that 48% of the precipitation that falls on the central Amazon Basin is derived from evapotranspiration within the Basin.

scholarly journals Biochar and Its Effects on Plant–Soil Macronutrient Cycling during a Three-Year Field Trial on Sandy Soil with Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.). Part I: Yield and Macro Element Content in Soil and Plant Biomass

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1950
Author(s):  
Urszula Sadowska ◽  
Iwona Domagała-Świątkiewicz ◽  
Andrzej Żabiński
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Applied Dose ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Pyrolyzed organic residues can be incorporated as a soil additive to improve their properties, crop productivity, or to increase retention or absorption of different compounds. However, in agronomy, the practice of biochar application is still under examination. The interactions between plant, soil, and biochar can be complex, and determines the agronomic effects obtained. A three-year field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of biochar addition and nitrogen (N) fertilization on biomass productivity and nutrient uptake of Mentha piperita L. The experiment was conducted with a three-factorial design in triplicate at N fertilizer rates of 75, 100, and 125 kg N ha−1 and biochar rates of 0, 5, 15, and 45 t ha−1. Commercial wood-based biochar produced at 650 °C was incorporated into sandy soil in 2017. Generally, our results demonstrated potential for treating a sandy soil, since biochar improved the nutrient availability for peppermint. However, on average, during a three-year mint-yielding period, no significant effect of the applied dose of biochar on this parameter was found. Significantly more soluble Ca, K, and SO4-S was found in the soil amended with biochar as compared with the control soil. Biochar, in doses of 15 and 45 t ha−1, increased the NH4-N concentration in the soil in the second and third year of the study, as well as NO3-N in 2018. The greatest amount of N and P was contained in the peppermint biomass after using 15 and 45 t biochar ha−1. The highest dose of biochar (45 t ha−1) also increased the contents of K and S in plants. Nitrogen fertilization increased the dry matter yield of peppermint on the harvest sampling dates. The N content in the mint increased proportionally to the nitrogen dose in fertilization, regardless of the biochar dose applied. The use of biochar in doses of 15 and 45 t ha−1 in coarse-textured soil contributed to increased use of nitrogen by plants after nitrogen fertilization at doses of 100 and 125 kg N ha−1. These findings suggest that the time-dependent responses of soil to biochar amendment are strongly influenced by plant, microbial, and soil feedback; if so, then practical long-term biochar effectiveness requires further study.

scholarly journals Grazing-induced changes in plant-soil feedback alter plant biomass allocation

Oikos ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 123 (7) ◽  
pp. 800-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Ciska Veen ◽  
Saskia de Vries ◽  
Elisabeth S. Bakker ◽  
Wim H. van der Putten ◽  
Han Olff
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Soil Feedback ◽  
Induced Changes

scholarly journals Plant-soil nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus content after the addition of biochar, bacterial inoculums and N fertilizer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Mikajlo ◽  
Bertrand Pourrut ◽  
Brice Louvel ◽  
Jaroslav Hynšt ◽  
Jaroslav Záhora
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Total N ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
P Content ◽  
South Moravia

AbstractThe use of biochar in combination with mineral or biological amendments in order to improve its influence on soil-plant properties has received growing attention. The changes of N, C and P content in Lactuca sativa var. capitata aboveground plant biomass and soil after the addition of beech wood biochar combined with the addition of bacterial inoculums (Bacofil and Novarefm) and N fertilizer have been studied using spectrophotometry methods. Pots were filled with the arable soil from the plots in protection zone of water sources (Březová nad Svitavou, South Moravia, Czech Republic). Biochar with inoculums decreased plant growth in the first yield of Novaferm treatment and in both yields of Bactofil treatment. Increased plant biomass growth was observed with Novaferm addition in the second yield. Total N increase has been obtained in the plant aboveground biomass and soil of the treatments amended with inoculums and nitrogen fertilizer. The decrease of P content has been observed in plant aboveground biomass in the biochar amended samples.

scholarly journals U-Pb zircon ages of rocks from the Amazonas Territory of Colombia and their bearing on the tectonic history of the NW sector of the Amazonian Craton

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 5-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umberto Giuseppe Cordani ◽  
Kei Sato ◽  
Walter Sproessner ◽  
Fabiana Santos Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Tectonic History ◽  
Rio Negro ◽  
Heating Event ◽  
Facies Metamorphism ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Amazonian Craton ◽  
History Of ◽  
Granitoid Rocks ◽  
San Carlos

ABSTRACT: Here we report the results of several U-Pb zircon ages, made to generate an integrated history for the Rio Negro-Juruena tectonic province, for the northwestern part of the Amazonian Craton. This region comprises granitoid rocks, described as calc-alkaline syntectonic gneisses, granites and migmatites, affected by medium level amphibolite facies metamorphism. The new measurements, with the available Rb-Sr and K-Ar ages, indicate the formation of these rocks within a series of essentially juvenile magmatic arcs, that are closely related with subduction. Sm-Nd analyses indicate that all samples, regardless of their zircon ages, yielded TDM model ages roughly between 1.9 and 2.2 Ga, suggesting the absence of a much older source material. In the northeastern part (areas of Puerto Inírida and San Carlos), the Atabapo belt comprises rocks formed within a period of about 60 Ma, from 1800 to 1740 Ma. In the southwestern region, including the towns of Mitú and Iauaretê, the granitoids formed in the Vaupés belt between 1580 and 1520 Ma. Finally, the available K-Ar measurements indicate the onset of the Nickerie-K'Mudku intraplate heating event, with temperature above 300oC within the entire region at 1200 - 1300 Ma.

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