Importance of regional diversity and environmental conditions on local species richness of aquatic macro-invertebrates in tropical forested streams

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salman Abdo Al-Shami ◽  
Che Salmah Md Rawi ◽  
Abu Hassan Ahmad ◽  
Madziatul Rosemahanie Madrus ◽  
Khalid AL Mutairi
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Variation Partitioning ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Stream Invertebrates ◽  
Regional Diversity ◽  
Local Species Richness ◽  
Local Species

Abstract:We used aquatic macro-invertebrates as a model to investigate the relationship between the regional species richness (RSR) and local species richness (LSR) in Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 38 streams (local scale) in seven catchments (regional scale), were sampled for aquatic macro-invertebrates. Eleven environmental variables (i.e. pH, DO, velocity, temperature, width, depth, TSS, BOD, COD, ammonia and canopy cover) were measured to assess their importance for local species richness. The average species richness was 34.9 species per region and the average abundance was 1380 individual per region. The highest number of species was 41, while the lowest species richness was 31. We applied local-regional richness regression models to explore the nature of the RSR–LSR relationship and then used variation partitioning to determine the relative importance of RSR and environmental conditions on LSR. We found a linear RSR–LSR relationship, which indicates unsaturated communities for macro-invertebrates in Malaysian streams and absence of local control with strong effects of regional processes. Variation in LSR explained by RSR was 43%, while the variation fraction in LSR explained by environmental conditions was low (2%) and not significant. We conclude that the variation in LSR is mainly controlled by the regional diversity pool (i.e. RSR) for aquatic macro-invertebrates in Peninsular Malaysia. However, weak effects of environmental conditions may reflect relatively low variability in the habitat among investigated streams. Further studies at larger scales, and involving different regions in this area, will be useful to draw comprehensive conclusions about determinants of local species diversity for stream invertebrates.

scholarly journals Arthropod community structure in pastures of an island archipelago (Azores): looking for local–regional species richness patterns at fine-scales

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A.V. Borges ◽  
V.K. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Local Species Richness ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Arthropod Species ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Local Species ◽  
Richness Patterns

AbstractThe arthropod species richness of pastures in three Azorean islands was used to examine the relationship between local and regional species richness over two years. Two groups of arthropods, spiders and sucking insects, representing two functionally different but common groups of pasture invertebrates were investigated. The local–regional species richness relationship was assessed over relatively fine scales: quadrats (= local scale) and within pastures (= regional scale). Mean plot species richness was used as a measure of local species richness (= α diversity) and regional species richness was estimated at the pasture level (= γ diversity) with the ‘first-order-Jackknife’ estimator. Three related issues were addressed: (i) the role of estimated regional species richness and variables operating at the local scale (vegetation structure and diversity) in determining local species richness; (ii) quantification of the relative contributions of α and β diversity to regional diversity using additive partitioning; and (iii) the occurrence of consistent patterns in different years by analysing independently between-year data. Species assemblages of spiders were saturated at the local scale (similar local species richness and increasing β-diversity in richer regions) and were more dependent on vegetational structure than regional species richness. Sucking insect herbivores, by contrast, exhibited a linear relationship between local and regional species richness, consistent with the proportional sampling model. The patterns were consistent between years. These results imply that for spiders local processes are important, with assemblages in a particular patch being constrained by habitat structure. In contrast, for sucking insects, local processes may be insignificant in structuring communities.

Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages

2006 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Assemblage Structure ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Physical Habitat ◽  
Local Species Richness ◽  
Local Species ◽  
Stream Size

<em>Abstract.</em>—A key challenge in stream fish ecology and biomonitoring is to partition local and regional influences on assemblage structure. Numerous studies have identified local determinants of species composition (i.e., competition, predation, habitat availability), but regional influences remain poorly understood. Here, we test the hypotheses that (1) fish dispersal from adjacent streams influences local fish assemblage structure, and (2) the effects of interstream dispersal are mediated by local environmental conditions. We evaluated fish and physical habitat data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program in western Virginia streams (<em>n </em>= 55). We found significant effects of adjacent stream size on local species richness, mean reproductive age, and riverine species richness. Large adjacent streams (greater than third-order) were associated with increased species richness in second-order sites. Fourth-order sites showed increased riverine species richness and decreased mean reproductive age in the presence of large adjacent streams. The nonrandom effects of adjacent stream size among sites of various stream orders suggests that local environmental conditions mediate the effects of dispersal from adjacent streams. Measures of channel shape (i.e., depth, width, and sinuosity) and microhabitat complexity (i.e., mean substrate size and woody debris) were associated with local assemblage structure in some cases, but did not account for significant variation in fish metrics explained by adjacent stream size. These results indicate that the ability of fish biomonitoring metrics to detect anthropogenic impacts may be improved by calibrating scoring criteria based on the size of adjacent streams.

Annual fires reduce local species richness but do not homogenize the composition of savanna woody species

Flora ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 151868
Author(s):  
Karlo G. Guidoni-Martins ◽  
Leandro Maracahipes ◽  
Adriano S. Melo ◽  
Marcus V. Cianciaruso
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Local Species Richness ◽  
Local Species

Amphibians of the Kayan Mentarang National Park (East Kalimantan, Indonesia): estimating overall and local species richness

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Veith ◽  
S. Wulffraat ◽  
J. Kosuch ◽  
G. Hallmann ◽  
H.-W. Henkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
National Park ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Local Species Richness ◽  
Local Species

scholarly journals Long-term species richness-abundance dynamics in relation to species departures and arrivals in wintering urban bird assemblages

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jukka Suhonen ◽  
Jukka Jokimäki
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Bird Species Richness ◽  
Abundance Dynamics ◽  
Local Species Richness ◽  
Local Species ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Urban Bird ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Abstract Temporal dynamics of local assemblages depend on the species richness and the total abundance of individuals as well as local departure and arrival rates of species. We used urban bird survey data collected from the same 31 study plots and methods during three winters (1991–1992; 1999–2000 and 2009–2010) to analyze the temporal relationship between bird species richness and total number of individuals (abundance). We also evaluated local departures and arrivals of species in each assemblage. In total, 13,812 individuals of 35 species were detected. The temporal variation in bird species richness followed the variation in the total number of individuals. The numbers of local departure and arrival events were similar. Also, the mean number of individuals of the recently arrived species (8.6) was almost the same as the mean number of individuals of the departed species (8.2). Risk of species departure was inversely related to number of individuals. Local species richness increased by one species when the total abundance of individuals increased by around 125 individuals and vice versa. Our results highlight the important role of local population departures and arrivals in determining the local species richness-abundance dynamics in human-dominated landscapes. Local species richness patterns depend on the total number of individuals as well as both the departure-arrival dynamics of individual species as well as the dynamics of all the species together. Our results support the more individuals hypothesis, which suggests that individual-rich assemblages have more species.

scholarly journals Three points of consideration before testing the effect of patch connectivity on local species richness: patch delineation, scaling and variability of metrics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Laroche ◽  
Manon Balbi ◽  
Théophile Grébert ◽  
Franck Jabot ◽  
Frédéric Archaux
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Dispersal Limitation ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Habitat Amount ◽  
Local Species Richness ◽  
Theory Of Island Biogeography ◽  
Local Species ◽  
Patch Connectivity

AbstractThe Theory of Island Biogeography (TIB) promoted the idea that species richness within sites depends on site connectivity, i.e. its connection with surrounding potential sources of immigrants. TIB has been extended to a wide array of fragmented ecosystems, beyond archipelagoes, surfing on the analogy between habitat patches and islands and on the patch-matrix framework. However, patch connectivity often little contributes to explaining species richness in empirical studies. Before interpreting this trend as questioning the broad applicability of TIB principles, one first needs a clear identification of methods and contexts where strong effects of patch structural connectivity are likely to occur. Here, we use spatially explicit simulations of neutral metacommunities to show that patch connectivity effect on local species richness is maximized under a set of specific conditions: (i) patch delineation should be fine enough to ensure that no dispersal limitation occurs within patches, (ii) patch connectivity indices should be scaled according to target organisms’ dispersal distance and (iii) the habitat amount around sampled sites (within a distance adapted to organisms’ dispersal) should be highly variable. When those three criteria are met, the absence of an effect of connectivity on species richness should be interpreted as contradicting TIB hypotheses

scholarly journals Contrasting the Effect of Forest Landscape Condition to the Resilience of Species Diversity in a Human Modified Landscape: Implications for the Conservation of Tree Species

Land ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulugheta Ghebreslassie Araia ◽  
Paxie Wanangwa Chirwa ◽  
Eméline Sêssi Pélagie Assédé
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Forest Landscape ◽  
Leading Change ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Local Species Richness ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Local Species

Using landscape moderation insurance and Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis (IDH) as frameworks, this study assessed the response of local assemblage among different land use regimes (mean β-diversity), using the Jaccard dissimilarity matrix in contrasting Human Modified Forest Landscapes (HMFLs). The study was conducted at the relatively simplified Mafhela Forest Reserve and the complex Thathe Vondo Forest Reserve in South Africa. The patterns of overall β-diversity between HMFL and State-protected Indigenous Forests (SIF) were compared and the leading change drivers were then untangled. This study found that human disturbance affects mean β-diversity of local assemblages among land use regimes between the two HMFLs in an ecologically contrasting manner. The HMFL in Mafhela Forest Reserve had distinct local assemblages among land use regimes and did not conform to the expectation of IDH. On average, HMFL had the same average local species richness as SIF, mainly due to change in species composition (species replacement) induced by land use disturbance. Land use intensity gradient was the leading change driver to explain the overall β-diversity of the Mafhela Forest Reserve. The findings in the Thathe Vondo Forest Reserve were in contrast with the Mafhela Forest Reserve. Although on average the HMFL had the same local species richness as SIFs, this was mainly due to a trade-off of species gain in trees along the rivers and streams and species loss in Culturally Protected Areas (sacred forests) (CPA) as expected by IDH. The contrasting findings imply that the effectiveness of any alternative conservation strategy is context-dependent. The resilience of local assemblages and conservation value of HMFL depends on the condition of the overall forest landscape complexity and cannnot be captured by one theory, nor by one species diversity matrix (e.g., β-diversity or Richness). It thus demands the application of complementary theoretical frameworks and multilevel modeling.

scholarly journals Mapping landscape connectivity as a driver of species richness under tectonic and climatic forcing

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 895-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristan Salles ◽  
Patrice Rey ◽  
Enrico Bertuzzo
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Landscape Connectivity ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Climatic Forcing ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Local Species Richness ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Local Species ◽  
Elevational Range ◽  
A Site

Abstract. Species distribution and richness ultimately result from complex interactions between biological, physical, and environmental factors. It has been recently shown for a static natural landscape that the elevational connectivity, which measures the proximity of a site to others with similar habitats, is a key physical driver of local species richness. Here we examine changes in elevational connectivity during mountain building using a landscape evolution model. We find that under uniform tectonic and variable climatic forcing, connectivity peaks at mid-elevations when the landscape reaches its geomorphic steady state and that the orographic effect on geomorphic evolution tends to favour lower connectivity on leeward-facing catchments. Statistical comparisons between connectivity distribution and results from a metacommunity model confirm that to the 1st order, landscape elevation connectivity explains species richness in simulated mountainous regions. Our results also predict that low-connectivity areas which favour isolation, a driver for in situ speciation, are distributed across the entire elevational range for simulated orogenic cycles. Adjustments of catchment morphology after the cessation of tectonic activity should reduce speciation by decreasing the number of isolated regions.

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