Trends in the Study of Chinese Political Culture

1994 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 731-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Moody
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Modernization Theory ◽  
World War ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
New States ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Chinese Political Culture ◽  
Second World

A systematic concern with political culture has its heritage in the Enlightenment and 19th-century sociology, if not ancient times, but came to the fore in political science with the post-Second World War behavioural revolution and the emergence of new states whose formal institutions were similar to Western models but whose politics did not follow the Western pattern. The mainstream political science version of political culture was associated with structure-functionalism and modernization theory; a premise was that technological change could help generate modernizing mentalities, while traditional mentalities could inhibit modernizing technical change. Modernization theory went out of fashion in the late 1960s for a variety of ideological, intellectual and empirical reasons, and the political cultural approach fell from favour along with it. More recently, it seems, scholars have returned to an interest in culture, and some even place culture at the heart of emerging political cleavages.

The equality of states: contemporary manifestations of an ancient doctrine

1992 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan James
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
The First World War ◽  
New States ◽  
Political Configuration ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

Whatever else the twentieth century is remembered for, one development which will assuredly rank high on the international list is the huge change which has occurred in the world's political configuration. In one quick but limited burst immediately after the First World War, the multinational empires which lay within Europe were largely recast in the shape of about a dozen successor states. And in the decades following the Second World War a series of more wide-ranging happenings on the other four continents saw the dismantling of colonial empires in a manner and on a scale which was truly heroic. Within one life span, the great European-based imperial edifices, which had hitherto seemed so permanent a part of the firmament, either collapsed or were abandoned. In their wake came getting on for 100 new states, leaving the map makers hard put to keep up with the tumble of events. Only now, as the century enters its final years, is the pace of this historical process relaxing.

Narrating the Second World War in Denmark since 1945

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
NILS ARNE SØRENSEN
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Anders Fogh Rasmussen ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
War Experience ◽  
The Right ◽  
Resistance Movement ◽  
Second World

After the liberation in 1945, two conflicting narratives of the war experience were formulated. A consensus narrative presented the Danish nation as being united in resistance while a competing narrative, which also stressed the resistance of most Danes, depicted the collaborating Danish establishment as an enemy alongside the Germans. This latter narrative, formulated by members of the resistance movement, was marginalised after the war and the consensus narrative became dominant. The resistance narrative survived, however, and, from the 1960s, it was successfully retold by the left, both to criticise the Danish alliance with the ‘imperialist’ United States, and as an argument against Danish membership of the EC. From the 1980s, the right also used the framework of the resistance narrative in its criticism of Danish asylum legislation. Finally, liberal Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen started using it as his basic narrative of the war years (partly in order to legitimise his government's decision to join the war against Iraq in 2003). The war years have thus played a central role in Danish political culture since 1945, and in this process the role of historians has been utterly marginal.

scholarly journals The Adaptation of New Countries to Existing (Old) Institutional Frameworks

2021 ◽  
pp. 223-256
Author(s):  
Erkki Berndtson
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
World War ◽  
Institutional Frameworks ◽  
European Political Science ◽  
Second World ◽  
Science Association

AbstractPolitical science as an independent academic discipline emerged in Europe after the Second World War. Moreover, up until the 1990s, it was mainly a preserve of Western Europe. The discipline began to develop in Central and Eastern Europe only after the 1989/91 political upheavals. When political science was institutionalised as a discipline in Western Europe, it was helped by international organisations such as the International Political Science Association (IPSA) and the European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR). It would seem, however, that European cross-national organisations do not currently promote and facilitate European political science successfully, as only a few Central and Eastern European institutions participate fully in international cooperation. The current field of European political science is organisationally fragmented, which makes it difficult to enable new countries to adapt to existing institutional frameworks, and to create an institutionalised pan-European political science discipline. Resolving this problem is vital if European political science is to develop more fully.

scholarly journals El discurso arquitectónico de Hassan Fathy Lo vernáculo desde una perspectiva moderna

2018 ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
María Pura Moreno Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Control ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Climate Control ◽  
Western Modernity ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Second World

Resumen La condición de arquitectura alternativa apunta a procesos individualistasalejados de convencionalismos de contexto. La internacionalización de los postulados modernos condujo a la crítica a eludir en sus análisis construcciones de revitalización de una arquitectura considerada comoexcesivamente identitaria. Este artículo analiza el esfuerzo del arquitectoegipcio Hassan Fathy (1900-1989) por reivindicar, a todas las escalas, lasabiduría de la edificación tradicional durante un periodo coincidente con la modernidad occidental. La escasez de hierro y cemento en Egipto, tras la II Guerra Mundial, fomentó la recuperación de una construcción de bajo coste adaptada a las circunstancias y recursos materiales del lugar. La durabilidad de la arquitectura popular que permanecía conservada desde tiempos remotos, y sobre todo su eficacia en el control climático, fomentó en Fathy el deseo de aprendizaje de métodos y dispositivos tradicionales tanto constructivos como espaciales que fueron reinterpretados con una lectura moderna, desde el ámbito doméstico al urbano, en la morfología y materialización de sus proyectos.AbstractThe “alternative” architectural condition points to individualistic processes that give results far removed from the conventionalisms of context. The internationalization of the modern postulates led the critique to leave constructive procedures in the analyses of revitalization of an architecture considered as excessively identitarian, to one side.This article analyses the effort of the Egyptian architect Hassan Fathy (1900-1989) to defend at all levels, during a period coinciding with Western modernity, the wisdom of traditional inherited edification.The scarcity of iron and cement in Egypt, after the Second World War, boosted the recovery of a low-cost construction adapted to the climatic conditions and the material resources available locally. Popular architecture’s durability, especially its utilitarian aspect, preservedsince ancient times and, in particular, its effectiveness in climate control, inspired in Fathy the desire to learn traditional constructive and spatial devices. The questioning of the figure of the “Muallim”, or Master Mason, which had become a source of inherited knowledge, with regards vernacular constructive systems, added to his own analysis of popular architecture, gave him a knowledge of autochthonous materials and passive  mechanisms of environmental control that were reinterpreted with a modern reading in the materialization of both his domestic and urban projects.

scholarly journals The Postulate of Grounded Theory in the Perception of the Museum of the Second World War in Gdańsk in Terms of Political Science

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-58
Author(s):  
Magdalena Lorenc
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Main Axis ◽  
World War ◽  
The Core ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Second World

This article aims to demonstrate the applicability of grounded theory in the analysis of the Museum of the Second World War in Gdańsk in terms of political science. The fundamental question is how to examine the sources which exhibit the ideological character of the space of public museums? In order to answer this question, the concepts by Kathy Charmaz and Adela Clarke are referred to, which have been noticed to offer unused potential for qualitative research conducted in the field of political science. This meant departing from the “classical” versions of grounded theory, created by Barney G. Glaser and Anselm L. Strauss, in favor of what is called “a postmodern turn,” and approaches which synthesize constructivism and social constructionism. Data obtained from primary and secondary sources concerning the main axis of the core exhibition were analyzed. The starting point was my own field research, the results of which were compared with the data from an interview with the museum’s architects and the transcription of a photograph. Inspired by procedures compliant with the non-classical versions of grounded theory, it was demonstrated that the main axis of the core exhibition was designed as a liberal manifesto of freedom. This determined the subject of analysis to be a part of the research field of political science. The spatial solutions applied testified to their designers’ intention to provide visitors with freedom of movement and assembly. They were considered as conceptual categories, related to the absence of a dedicated sightseeing route and the vastness of the space left for visitors. A comparative analysis of codes and categories, however, made it possible to identify yet another interpretative trope, related to the identification of freedom with alienation. In this way, “liberty” has become problematized.

scholarly journals Creating the Paradigm of ‘New Nation’

Fascism ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-297
Author(s):  
Anton Hruboň
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Self ◽  
Racial Hygiene ◽  
World War ◽  
National Socialist ◽  
People's Party ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
New Nation ◽  
Second World

Abstract Despite its official Catholic nature, Jozef Tiso’s Slovak State apparatus adopted not only the teachings of the eugenic movement but also the racial-hygiene ideology of National Socialist Germany, which it gradually implemented into its political culture. This study presents how eugenic and racial-hygiene thinking was introduced into the structures of Hlinkova slovenská ľudová strana (HSĽS; Hlinka’s Slovak People’s Party), the self-governing party of independent Slovakia during the Second World War, against the backdrop of developmental trends in Europe. What is emphasized here is the gradual formation of the racial paradigm in the spirit of a eugenic and racial-hygiene framework, as well as the formation of a ‘pure Aryan Slovak nation’ cult, physically and mentally contrasting with racially-hygienically ‘unclean and degenerate’ Jews and Roma.

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