scholarly journals El discurso arquitectónico de Hassan Fathy Lo vernáculo desde una perspectiva moderna

2018 ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
María Pura Moreno Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Control ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Climate Control ◽  
Western Modernity ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Second World

Resumen La condición de arquitectura alternativa apunta a procesos individualistasalejados de convencionalismos de contexto. La internacionalización de los postulados modernos condujo a la crítica a eludir en sus análisis construcciones de revitalización de una arquitectura considerada comoexcesivamente identitaria. Este artículo analiza el esfuerzo del arquitectoegipcio Hassan Fathy (1900-1989) por reivindicar, a todas las escalas, lasabiduría de la edificación tradicional durante un periodo coincidente con la modernidad occidental. La escasez de hierro y cemento en Egipto, tras la II Guerra Mundial, fomentó la recuperación de una construcción de bajo coste adaptada a las circunstancias y recursos materiales del lugar. La durabilidad de la arquitectura popular que permanecía conservada desde tiempos remotos, y sobre todo su eficacia en el control climático, fomentó en Fathy el deseo de aprendizaje de métodos y dispositivos tradicionales tanto constructivos como espaciales que fueron reinterpretados con una lectura moderna, desde el ámbito doméstico al urbano, en la morfología y materialización de sus proyectos.AbstractThe “alternative” architectural condition points to individualistic processes that give results far removed from the conventionalisms of context. The internationalization of the modern postulates led the critique to leave constructive procedures in the analyses of revitalization of an architecture considered as excessively identitarian, to one side.This article analyses the effort of the Egyptian architect Hassan Fathy (1900-1989) to defend at all levels, during a period coinciding with Western modernity, the wisdom of traditional inherited edification.The scarcity of iron and cement in Egypt, after the Second World War, boosted the recovery of a low-cost construction adapted to the climatic conditions and the material resources available locally. Popular architecture’s durability, especially its utilitarian aspect, preservedsince ancient times and, in particular, its effectiveness in climate control, inspired in Fathy the desire to learn traditional constructive and spatial devices. The questioning of the figure of the “Muallim”, or Master Mason, which had become a source of inherited knowledge, with regards vernacular constructive systems, added to his own analysis of popular architecture, gave him a knowledge of autochthonous materials and passive  mechanisms of environmental control that were reinterpreted with a modern reading in the materialization of both his domestic and urban projects.

The Single-Rotor Helicopter with Rigidly-Mounted Blades

1963 ◽  
Vol 67 (634) ◽  
pp. 651-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Heppe
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Public Acceptance ◽  
World War ◽  
Mass Market ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Second World

For many years, studies of various light aircraft designs have been carried on by the Lockheed-California Company in search of a vehicle that had the potential of truly generating the “air age”—a vehicle which would perform a useful service to many people, in many jobs. Shortly after the Second World War, these studies were directed along the lines of present-day light aeroplanes, but were eventually discarded upon recognition of the limited utility of these vehicles when related to general public acceptance. However, in 1959, spurred by recent developments in VTOL craft, the Lockheed research team again raised the question, “Is it possible today to develop a vehicle of low cost and with sufficient utility to reach the mass market?”

scholarly journals INTEGRATED GEOMATIC TECHNIQUES FOR THE LOCALIZATION AND GEOREFERENCING OF ANCIENT HERMITAGES

2021 ◽  
Vol XLVI-M-1-2021 ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
V. Baiocchi ◽  
M. Onori ◽  
M. Scuti
Keyword(s):  
Structure From Motion ◽  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Other ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
World War ◽  
Survey Techniques ◽  
Second World ◽  
Do So

Abstract. Historical maps represent an important source of geographical information. The changes occurred over time can be extrapolated from them, especially if their geometric accuracies match those achievable with modern survey techniques. An 1820 map belonging to the Gregorian Cadastre provides the position of seven hermitages belonging to the monastery of Fara in Sabina (Italy). Just three of them are nowadays visible, while the others may have been covered by thick vegetation or been destroyed during the Second World War. The paper proposes the integration of geomatic techniques for the localization of the lost hermitages. To do so, Structure from Motion (SfM) algorithms were applied to UAV imagery to produce an orthophoto of the area. In addition, a GNSS survey was carried out using a professional and a low-cost receiver to correctly georeference the photogrammetric products. An accuracy assessment was then performed to evaluate the performance of the u-blox board in real applications. The accuracies obtained with the low-cost receiver indicates a possible more widespread utilization of these new devices. Subsequently, the comparison between the orthophoto and the cadastral map have been detailed. A weak correspondence between the position of the hermitages in the two maps have been observed. On the other side, the comparison led to the localization of two lost hermitages, with the other two being still undiscovered. This study has opened the door to an enhancement process of the monastery and to the rediscovery of the religious values of the hermitages.

A High Temperature Decompression Chamber for Developing Aircraft Environmental Control Systems

1961 ◽  
Vol 65 (602) ◽  
pp. 111-126
Author(s):  
O. D. Furlong
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Military Aircraft ◽  
World War ◽  
Humidity Control ◽  
Second World

The greatly increased performance of both civil and military aircraft since the Second World War has raised problems undreamt of at an earlier period and, from the simple measures originally introduced to improve pilot’s well-being, have sprung the complex installations which are now essential for human survival and comfort and to ensure the proper functioning of vital equipment carried in present day machines.The term “Environmental Control System” is used for convenience to cover collectively the various cabin and equipment bay, pressure, temperature and humidity control systems that are fitted.

Occupational Therapy: The Basic Concept behind the Conventional Term

1983 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 285-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Bassan ◽  
V Alfieri
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Basic Concept ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Second World

It is well known that the history of occupational therapy goes back to ancient times, although it was not until the Second World War that it began to receive greater attention and wider use. Today, despite important advances in studies and applications, a certain amount of empiricism persists, especially in Italy where there are not as yet distinct schools for occupational therapy and where consequently there is some criticism of the profession.

scholarly journals Commentary. Nishida Kitarō and ‘The Principle of the New World Order’

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-322
Author(s):  
Takashi Yamazaki
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
World Order ◽  
Second World War ◽  
New World Order ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
Western Modernity ◽  
Nishida Kitaro ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Second World

This is a commentary on ‘The Principle of the New World Order’, a geopolitical essay written by Japanese Philosopher, Kitarō Nishida in 1944. This essay has been a source of postwar controversy over the philosophical justification of Japan’s involvement in the Second World War and the relationship between Japanese thoughts and Western colonial domination in Asia. As a text of Japanese formal geopolitics, the essay is a historical example to illustrate how Japanese academics geopolitically situated their country and themselves within the imperial rivalry during the War. The essay attracted not only criticisms that problematized Nishida’s approach to politics (imperialism and nationalism) and justification of the War, but also positive reviews that appreciated his proposal of a multicultural worldview countering Western modernity (i.e. the world dominated by the West). The translation of the essay is not easy to read but contains important insights into how to see the current world (dis)order under hegemonic powers.

From Low-Cost to High-Cost Shipping: Finnish Maritime Labour Costs after the Second World War

2004 ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
Yrjö Kaukiainen
Keyword(s):  
Great Depression ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Labour Costs ◽  
The World ◽  
Rapid Transition ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Second World

This chapter tracks Finland’s rise from a low-cost to high-cost shipping country from the 1930s to 1980s. It emphasises the rapid transition and development of Finland’s economy by providing statistics on Finnish shipping expenses and wages, considering tonnage losses during the World Wars; discussing both The Great Depression and The Great Boom; and following the modernisation of tonnage from the 1950s.

Reexamination of Japanese Dolmen Culture based on Relevance to Korea

2018 ◽  
pp. 59-94
Author(s):  
Dong Hee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Northwestern Region ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Second World

Dolmens in Japan are concentrated in the northwestern region of Kyushu which is closest to the Korean Peninsula, which make themselves as important materials for understanding the relationship between Korea and Japan in ancient times as their geopolitical locations. There are different views about the spread of dolmen between Korea and Japan. In other words, the view that the aboriginal people of Japan only accepted the dolmen culture is strong in Japanese academic circles while Korean academic circles see the cultural elements such as the migration of residents from the southern region of the Korean peninsula, farming, residential style, and dolmen have a close connection. Japanese academic circles have not been enthusiastic about analyzing the relevance of the persons buried in dolmens in Japan to Korea. This is not unrelated to the climate of avoiding the study on the genealogy of Korean and Japanese people as a reaction of nationalism in the Japanese academic circles after the Second World War. This study intended to bring attention to the importance of Japanese dolmen culture in ancient Japanese society by highlighting Korean cultural elements that had been overlooked and revealing how the dolmen culture became naturalized in Japan based on the analysis on the background in which the dolmens were spread, the phases through which they were spread, and the properties of dolmens in detail in different views, away from the existing two-dimensional view. In short, the dolmens in Japan are the cultural elements that the immigrants from the southern region of Korea spread with rice farming while settling down in Kyushu and are considered to have had an enormous impact on the rise of the Yayoi culture, which is the basis for the growth of the ancient societies of Japan.

The Planetary Test

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Orit Halpern
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Tropical Environment ◽  
World War ◽  
Climate Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Richard Neutra ◽  
Second World

In 1943, in the midst of the Second World War, the famous architect Richard Neutra was commissioned by the government of Puerto Rico to build hospitals and schools. In response, he produced a number of prototypes and processes investigating different ways to ventilate and climate control buildings in the sub-tropical environment of the island through technology. Neutra famously labeled his work in Puerto Rico a Planetary Test. This article examines this history of making climate a medium for design and the implications of these practices for our present

Trends in the Study of Chinese Political Culture

1994 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 731-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Moody
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Modernization Theory ◽  
World War ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
New States ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Chinese Political Culture ◽  
Second World

A systematic concern with political culture has its heritage in the Enlightenment and 19th-century sociology, if not ancient times, but came to the fore in political science with the post-Second World War behavioural revolution and the emergence of new states whose formal institutions were similar to Western models but whose politics did not follow the Western pattern. The mainstream political science version of political culture was associated with structure-functionalism and modernization theory; a premise was that technological change could help generate modernizing mentalities, while traditional mentalities could inhibit modernizing technical change. Modernization theory went out of fashion in the late 1960s for a variety of ideological, intellectual and empirical reasons, and the political cultural approach fell from favour along with it. More recently, it seems, scholars have returned to an interest in culture, and some even place culture at the heart of emerging political cleavages.

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