The effect of supplementing ammonia-treated straw with sugar beet pulp or barley on rumen kinetics and microbial protein production

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
S. A. Abdulrazak ◽  
X. B. Chen ◽  
E. R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Outflow Rate ◽  
Beet Pulp

Data reported in the literature indicate that the efficiency of microbial protein production to ruminants vary considerably, i.e. 14-49 g microbial N/kg digestible organic matter apparently fermented in the rumen (ARC, 1984). This variation could be due to the effects of several factors, e.g. different types of feeds, rumen digesta outflow rate. The present experiment was conducted to examine whether there were differences between types of carbohydrate feedstuffs, e.g. ammonia-treated straw, barley and sugar beet pulp, as energy sources for the synthesis of microbial protein in sheep.Four Blackface x Suffolk wethers (body weight 39-42 kg) fitted with a rumen cannula were used. The animals were housed in metabolic cages and were offered 800 g/day of ammonia-treated straw (control) with or without supplementation with sugar beet pulp or barley at 20%, and 40% on fresh weight basis (SBP20, SBP40, B20 and B40 respectively). A 4 x 5 latin square design was used. The control diet also contained 20 g urea, 20 g casein, 3.4 g Na2SO4 and 10 g mineral & vitamin mixture per kg DM. Its N and ash contents were 25.6 and 74.1 g/kg DM respectively.

scholarly journals Effects of the comminution rate and microbial contamination of particles in the rumen on accuracy ofin situestimates of digestion of protein and amino acids of dehydrated sugar beet pulp

2013 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. GONZÁLEZ ◽  
J. M. ARROYO ◽  
J. A. GUEVARA-GONZÁLEZ ◽  
R. MOUBI ◽  
O. PIQUER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Composite Samples

SUMMARYEffects of the correction of microbial contamination (using15N techniques) and of considering the comminution rate (kc) of particles in the rumen on effective estimates of the ruminally undegraded (RU) fraction and its intestinal effective digestibility (IED) were examined in a sample of dehydrated sugar beet pulp (DBP) generating composite samples (from rumen-incubated residues) representative of the chemical composition of RU. Tested fractions were dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM, tested only for RU), crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA). The study was performed on three rumen and duodenum cannulated wethers fed with a 2 : 1 (fresh weight basis) chopped oat hay-to-concentrate diet supplied at 40 g DM/kg BW0·75in six equal meals per day. The DBP showed sigmoid degradation kinetics: the fractional degradation rate increased by 5·8 times as time (h) increased from 0 to∞. Thekcrate (measured in the diet concentrate) represented 5·74% of the total rumen retention time of particles. As a result, the RU of DM was over-evaluated by 6·53% whenkcwas not considered. Microbial contamination of RU was high as in DM as in CP. Therefore, the overestimation of RU of DM was increased to 12·2% when this contamination was not corrected. The lack of this correction also led to large over-evaluations of RU and IED of CP and AA. As a result, the overestimation of the intestinal digested fraction was 40·9% for CP and 45·0% for total analysed AA. This overestimation varied largely among AA (from 18·9 to 88·7%). Corrected proportions of RU and IED were also variable among AA. Hypotheses on the causes of this variability are given. Resultant changes in the AA profile of the intestinal digested protein had some negative impact on the supply of essential AA and cysteine without affecting lysine. This problem is limited because the microbial protein synthesized from DBP fermentation in the rumen is largely predominant in the AA supply to the host.

Influence of dietary fibre on digestive utilization and rate of passage in growing pigs, finishing pigs and adult sows

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.Le Goff ◽  
J. van Milgen ◽  
J. Noblet
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
The Difference

AbstractFour experimental diets differing in the level and the origin of dietary fibre (DF) were studied: a control, low DF diet (diet C, 100 g total dietary fibre (TDF) per kg dry matter (DM)) and three fibre-rich diets (200 g TDF per kg DM) which corresponded to a combination of diet C and maize bran (diet MB), or wheat bran (diet WB), or sugar-beet pulp (diet SBP). During two successive experimental periods, each diet was offered to five pigs at a growing stage (35 kg body weight (BW)) and at a finishing stage (75 kg BW). In addition, four adult ovariectomized sows received successively one of the four diets according to a 4 ✕ 4 Latin-square design. Digestive utilization of energy and nutrients of diets and rate of passage parameters were determined using a pulse dose of ytterbium oxide followed by total faecal collection. Faecal marker excretion was quantified using an age-dependent, one-compartment model, from which the mean retention time in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs (MRT) was obtained. The digestibility of dietary energy and nutrients, especially the DF fraction, increased with the increase in BW from growing to finishing pigs (P < 0.01) and was still higher in adult sows; the difference between pig stages was more pronounced for diet MB. At each stage, the digestibility of energy or nutrients was lower (P < 0.01) for diets MB or WB than for diet SBP. Accordingly, the energy and DF digestibility of sugar-beet pulp was higher and increased much less with BW. The MRT was shorter for diets MB and WB in growing pigs and in sows. Sows had a longer MRT (81 h) than finishing pigs (37 h) and growing pigs (33 h); however, MRT was highly variable between sows. It is concluded that the degree to which different types of DF are digested depends, in part, on the botanical origin, and it may be improved by a longer MRT in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs. Some fibrous foodstuffs (such as maize-by products) will benefit more from a longer MRT than others.

scholarly journals The mobile bag technique as a method for determining the degradation of four botanically diverse fibrous feedstuffs in the small intestine and total digestive tract of ponies

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 729-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. S. Moore-Colyer ◽  
J. J. Hyslop ◽  
A. C. Longland ◽  
D. Cuddeford
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Naked Oats

Anin saccomobile bag technique was used to determine the rate and extent of disappearance of unmolassed sugar-beet pulp, soyabean hulls, hay cubes and an oat hull–naked oats mixture (67:33, w/w) in the foregut and total digestive tract of ponies. Ponies were administered naso-gastrically polyester mesh bags (60×10×10 mm) containing 350 mg feed, in a 3×4 Latin square design. Bags were collected at the ileo-caecal junction (small intestine bag, SIB) and in the faeces (faecal bag, FB) and their residues analysed for proximate constituents and NSP composition and content. DM disappearances from individual bags were fitted to degradation profiles () and effective degradability values determined. Significant differences (P<0·05) in DM, organic matter and crude protein (N×6·25) losses from SIB were noted between feeds with hay cubes and oat hulls–naked oats > sugar-beet pulp and soyabean hulls. Acid-detergent fibre, neutral-detergent fibre and NSP disappearances were small and varied little between feeds. In contrast, FB losses showed significant (P<0·05) differences for all constituents measured with sugar-beet pulp > soyabean hulls > hay cubes > oat hulls–naked oats. Crude protein losses from sugar-beet pulp and soyabean hulls in FB were significantly higher (P<0·05) than from SIB. FB degradation curves showed degradation to be affected by bag residence time with sugar-beet pulp > soyabean hulls and the effective degradability showed that significantly more (P<0·05) sugar-beet pulp was lost at 40.0 and 60.0 h than for the other three feeds. These results show that sugar-beet pulp and soyabean hulls are rapidly degraded by ponies and could be used as alternatives to hay in equid rations. However, the foregut availability of crude protein from sugar-beet pulp is poor, so a readily digestible source of crude protein should be offered to animals with high protein demands when diets are based on sugar-beet pulp.

Digestion of unmolassed sugar-beet pulp in young growing pigs and implications for the growth-supporting values of fermented energy

1990 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Q. Zhu ◽  
V. R. Fowler ◽  
M. F. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Maintenance Energy Requirement ◽  
Growth Trial ◽  
Gut Fermentation ◽  
Endogenous Enzymes

ABSTRACTExperiments involving both digestion and growth trials were undertaken to compare the responses of pigs to two increments of digested energy resulting either from gut fermentation or from digestion by endogenous enzymes in the small intestine. Unmolassed sugar-beet pulp (SBP) and maize starch (MS) were selected as model materials for these two systems. A control diet was formulated to fulfil the needs of pigs for all essential nutrients apart from energy. This diet was offered according to a scale set at about twice the maintenance energy requirement. The two SBP diets contained 150 and 300 g SBP per kg (SBP15 and SBP30) and the two MS diets 100 and 200 g MS per kg (MS10 and MS20). Sixty observations were made with 10 female and 20 male growing pigs to provide information on digestion. The results showed that the energy in SBP and MS had an apparent digestibility of 0·74 and 0·98 respectively (s.e.d. 0025). The neutral-detergent fibre fraction of SBP had a digestibility of 0·81 (s.e. 0·055). Forty pigs (20 male and 20 female) were involved in the growth trial. The responses of pigs to increments of different digestible energy (DE) were measured in terms of daily carcass-weight gain. The results gave values of 435, 478, 527, 511 and 567 (s.e.d. 17·3) g/day for the control, SBP15, SBP30, MS 10 and MS20 treatments respectively. These results suggest that the apparent DE of SBP is used for carcass growth with an efficiency of 0·57 (s.e. 0·012) relative to the DE from MS.

The effect of dietary inclusion of sugar-beet pulp on the feeding behaviour of dry sows

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Brouns ◽  
S. A. Edwards ◽  
P. R. English
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Gastric Distension ◽  
Test Portion ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Beet Pulp

AbstractFeeding behaviour of six sows receiving a diet with a high inclusion (500 g/kg) of sugar-beet pulp (SBP) was compared with that of six sows receiving a conventional cereal-based diet (control). The feeding rate was determined for both the rate of consumption of the daily food allowance (SBP or control diet) and of a test portion (of control diet) offered at different intervals after the daily food allowance. SBP sows consumed their daily food allowance more slowly than control sows, SBP sows also consumed the test portion more slowly than control sows, when this was offered immediately after the daily food allowance. Prolonging the time taken to eat the control diet, by presenting it in meal form, did not change the feeding rate of the test diet. Offering the test portion 2 h after the daily food allowance, increased the feeding rate of the test portion for both control and SBP sows, with a smaller but still significant treatment difference. Gastric distension appeared to be a major factor in regulating intake when feeding a diet containing SBP. The extent to which feeding rate could be used as an index of feeding motivation and the welfare consequences of using bulky diets for sows are discussed.

A pilot process of solid state fermentation from sugar beet pulp for the production of microbial protein

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maojie Xue ◽  
Deming Liu ◽  
Hongxun Zhang ◽  
Hongyan Qi ◽  
Zhifang Lei
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Beet Pulp

Soaked unmolassed sugar beet pulp as a partial forage replacer in equine diets when ponies are offered grass hay ad libitum

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 140-140
Author(s):  
J. J. Hyslop ◽  
D. Cuddeford
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Ad Libitum

There is increased interest in using sugar beet pulp (SBP) products as forage replacers in equine diets. Previous work (Hyslop et al 1998) has indicated that SBP products may suppress voluntary feed intake (VFI) in ponies when they are the major fibre source at between 550-700 g/kg total diet dry matter (DM). This study examines VFI and apparent digestibility in vivo where soaked unmolassed sugar beet pulp (USBP) was offered as a partial forage replacement to ponies receiving ad libitum grass hay.Four mature Welsh-cross pony geldings (280 kg LW s.e. 6.6) were individually housed and offered 0.86 kg/d of micronised barley (MB) and given ad libitum access to grass hay (HAY). In addition, ponies were offered either 0, 1, 2, or 3 kg/d USBP (U0, U1, U2 and U3 respectively) according to a 4 x 4 latin square changeover experimental design.

Measurement of caecal outflow rate in ponies using Chromium mordanted feeds

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 141-141
Author(s):  
J. J. Hyslop ◽  
B.M.L. McLean ◽  
M. J. S. Moore-Colyer ◽  
A. C. Longland ◽  
D. Cuddeford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Outflow Rate ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Vital Component ◽  
Digesta Passage ◽  
Digestive Processes

Estimates of digesta passage through specific segments of the alimentary tract are a vital component of modelling approaches which attempt to quantitatively partition digestive processes in equines. This study reports results from three studies where digesta passage of Chromium (Cr) mordanted feeds was determined in the caecum of ponies.Caecal outflow rates were determined during threein vivoapparent digestibility studies conducted using three caecally-fistulated ponies as described by Moore-Colyeret al, (1999) for studies 1 and 2; and McLeanet al, (1999) for study 3. Pony basal diets consisted of unmolassed sugar beet pulp (USBP), hay cubes (HC) or a 2:1 mix of oat hulls:naked oats (OHNO) in study 1; a 1:1 mix of USBP:HC (USHC) in study 2 and either 100% HC or one of 3 diets consisting of a 1:1 HC:barley mix where the barley was either rolled (RBHC), micronised (MBHC) or extruded (EBHC) in study 3.

scholarly journals The effect of dietary inclusion of barley, unmolassed sugar beet pulp and molasses on milk production, digestibility and digesta passage in dairy cows given silage based diet

1987 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-120
Author(s):  
Pekka Huhtanen
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Beet Pulp

Ten dairy cows in early lactation were given five different supplements with grass silage ad libitum according to two 5x5 Latin square designs. The supplements consisted of barley (Ba), unmolassed sugar beet pulp (SBP) and molasses (Mo) on dry matter (DM) basis as follows: (A) Ba 1000g, (B) Ba 667 g and Mo 326 g, (C) Ba 417 g, SBP 410 g and Mo 163 g, (D) SBP 983 g and (E) 656 g SBP and 326 g Mo per kg. The lower fat content of SBP and molasses than of Ba was balanced with rapeseed oil. These supplements were fed at the level of 6 kg DM/d. In addition, 1 kg of rapeseed meal was given as a protein supplement. No differences in silage DM intake between the Ba and SBP supplements were found, but inclusion of a high level of Mo depressed silage and total DM intake. Cows given SBP supplements yielded 1.1kg (P < 0.01) more milk and 32 g (P < 0.05) more protein than those given Ba supplements. Milk fat concentration was lower (P < 0.001) on SBP (46.0 g/kg) than on Ba diets (49.1 g/kg) and thus there was no difference in the yield of fat corrected milk(FCM) and milk fat between the two supplements. Inclusion of 2 kg of DM of More reduced the milk (P < 0.001), FCM, fat and protein yields (P < 0.01) compared to diets without molasses. Supplement C increased (P < 0.05) the milk yield compared to the other diets but the milk composition was not affected. The effect of supplements on the digestibility of the ration was determined using acid insoluble ash as a marker. The apparent digestibility of organic matter averaged 0.743 and was not significantly affected by the diet. Digestibility of neutral detergent fibre was higher (P < 0.001) for SBP diets (0.680) than for Ba diets (0.596). Similar differences were observed in the digestibility of other fibre components. However, the digestibility of the silage was not affected by the treatment. Feeding SBP diets resulted in lower (P < 0.001) digestibility of crude protein than did Ba diets. Metabolizable energy (ME) of SBP diets tended to be used more efficiently for milk synthesis than ME of Ba diets. Inclusion of Mo in Ba or SBP did not reduce the efficiency, although the milk yield was decreased. The passage rate of liquid was determined with CoEDTA and that of particles with Cr-labelled straw. The average mean retention time of liquid ranged from 18.0 to 19.9 h and that of particles from 36.8 to 37.7h. Neither time was affected by the treatment. The passage rate of particles from the rumen ranged from 0.045 to 0.048 and that of liquid from 0.096 to 0.104, irrespective of the diet.

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