Prediction of the Voluntary Intake of Grass Silages by Sheep from Rumen Degradation Characteristics measured by the Polyester Fibre Bag or by Gas Production

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 118-118
Author(s):  
M.J. Morrin ◽  
J.A. Rooke ◽  
N.W. Offer ◽  
F.D.deB. Hovell
Keyword(s):  
Polyester Fibre ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Various studies have reported that the voluntary intake (VFI) of hays (Hovell, Ngambi, Barber & Kyle. 1986, Khazaal, Dentinho, Ribeiro & 0rskov. 1993) and straws (Ørskov, Reid & Kay 1988, Blummel & Ørskov, 1993) is predicted better by rumen degradation characteristics than by whole tract digestibility. Prediction of grass silage VFI is in general poor but is related to both whole tract digestibility and silage fermentation characteristics. However no attempts have been made to relate silage VFI to rumen degradation characteristics. It was the purpose of this study to attempt to predict silage VFI from rumen degradation characteristics measured using either the polyester bag technique or the in vitro Menke gas production technique.

Predicting the apparent disappearance of starch in the rumen of cows from the in vitro gas production profile of their diet

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 157-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Rymer ◽  
D.I. Givens
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Protein System ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production

Assessing the availability of a feed in the rumen is an important element of its characterisation. In the Metabolisable Protein system, it is assumed that all starch is available in the rumen, although clearly this is not the case. However, estimating the amount of starch that is apparently fermented in the rumen is difficult, expensive and cannot be routinely undertaken. The objective of this experiment was to determine whether the in vitro gas production technique could be used as a means of predicting the amount of starch that apparently disappears in the rumen (STA ADR).Four Holstein cows, each fitted with a rumen and duodenal cannula, were used. They were fed one of four diets in a 4x4 latin square design. The diets consisted of grass silage (GS), molassed sugarbeet feed (MSBF), fishmeal (FM) and minerals (MIN). They were also supplemented with either wheat (WHT) or maize (MZE).

Comparison of rumen liquor and faeces, in UK and Brazil, as sources of microorganisms for in vitro gas production for assessing twelve forages

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 147-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Mauricio ◽  
E. Owen ◽  
A.L Abdalla ◽  
I.C.S. Bueno ◽  
F. L. Mould ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Transducer ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Tropical Environment ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Reading Study

In a previous study in Reading (altitude 66 m) (Mauricio et al., 1997) the lag phase was greater when cow faeces was used as a source of microorganisms in the in vitro gas production technique instead of rumen liquor when twelve temperate forages were fermented for 96 h. In the Reading study faeces and rumen liquor were obtained from a cow fed grass silage and concentrate (60:40). The present study was done in Piracicaba, Brazil-BR (altitude 780 m) which has a tropical climate. Using the same forages as in Mauricio et al. (1998), the study examined whether the same differences between faeces and rumen liquor would occur in a tropical environment. In addition, the opportunity was taken to develop an equation relating pressure and volume for the semi-automated pressure transducer technique and compare it with the equation developed in UK by Mauricio et al. (1998).

A comparison between in vitro digestibility, in situ degradability and a gas production technique for predicting the in vivo digestibility of whole-crop wheat

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 33-35
Author(s):  
A. T. Adesogan ◽  
E. Owen ◽  
D. I. Givens
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Laboratory Techniques

Several published reports on the nutritive value of whole-crop wheat (WCW) have been based on estimations from laboratory techniques, some of which were developed for grass silage. However, there is little information on the accuracy of such estimations. Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of predicting the in vivo digestibility of WCW from various less animal-dependent techniques.

Effect of inoculant and enzyme additives on fermentation characteristics and gas production of grass silage

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 145-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.S. Davies ◽  
A.E. Brooks ◽  
M.K. Theodorou ◽  
G.W. Griffith ◽  
R.J Merry
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Natural Process ◽  
Fermentable Sugar ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Control Water

Inoculants containing lactic acid bacteria, added to herbage at time of cutting, aid the natural process of fermentation to produce lactic acid during ensilage. This lowers the pH and preserves the silage. It is also claimed that enzyme additives break down polysaccharides in plant cell walls, releasing fermentable sugar to stimulate fermentation and increase the digestibility of the silage. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of inoculants and enzymes on silage fermentation characteristics and gas production during in vitro fermentation.A second cut of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) was mown, chopped to 2 – 4 cm lengths, divided into aliquots and treated at a rate of 10 ml kg-1. The treatments were: 1) control (water), 2) inoculant (Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacter jensenii at 1.6 x 105 cells g-1 herbage) 3) enzyme (xylanase, β-glucanase and amylase, applied at a rate of 0.001 g kg-1 herbage) and 4) inoculant + enzyme.

Comparison of rumen liquor and faeces from cows as sources of micro-organisms for the in vitro gas production technique

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 182-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Mauricio ◽  
E. Owen ◽  
M. S. Dhanoa ◽  
M. K. Theodorou
Keyword(s):  
Present Experiment ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Micro Organisms

Bioassay methods to estimate the digestibility of forages for ruminants, such as the in vitro digestibility technique (Tilley and Terry, 1963), the nylon bag technique (Ørskov et al., 1980) and the gas production methods of Menke and Steingass (1988) and Theodorou et al. (1994), require rumen fistulated animals, either to provide a suitable in situ environment or to provide rumen liquor as a source of inoculum. Not only is establishing and maintaining fistulated animals expensive, but fistulation is an invasive technique which is increasingly discouraged on animal welfare grounds. There is therefore a need to find an alternative to rumen liquor as a source of micro-organisms for bioassays.Although the Tilley and Terry (1963) technique is widely used, it is limited by being an end-point digestibility method. Ørskov et al. (1988) showed that intake of forages and their rate of digestion in the rumen are more correlated than intake and digestibility. Thus, since 1988, there has been much interest in determining rate of rumen degradability using the nylon bag technique (Huntington and Givens, 1995). However, as indicated earlier, this in vitro technique requires fistulated animals. Recently Sileshi et al. (1996) showed that the in vitro gas production technique of Theodorou et al. (1994), offers a possibility of assessing rate of rumen degradation.The purpose of the present experiment was to compare rumen liquor and faeces as sources of inoculum in the gas technique of Theodorou et al. (1994).

Estimation of fermentable energy by the automatic in vitro gas production technique for a selection of feedstuffs incubated alone and in combination

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 69-69
Author(s):  
S. Fakhri ◽  
A. R. Moss ◽  
D.I. Givens ◽  
E. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Gas Volume ◽  
Selection Of

The gas production (GP) technique has previously been used to estimate the gas volume (fermentable energy (FE)) of compound feed ingredients for ruminants (Newbold et al., 1996). It was shown that the FE content of feed mixtures was represented by the combination of the total gas from the incubation of the individual feeds. However this additivity might not be consistent throughout the incubation period. The objectives were to test whether 1. other GP parameters give better estimates of FE for simple mixtures and are they additive; 2. whether organic matter apparently degraded in the rumen (OMADR) explain differences in GP; and 3. to find out if there are any other better measures than OMADR for estimating FE.

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