Background: Left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) is a reliable
determinant of LV systolic function. The precise relationship between LV wall
stress and serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentrations in hemodialysis
(HD) patients require clariϐication. BNP levels are raised in patients with endstage renal disease (ESRD) and could reflect LV impairment amongst HD patients.
Objective: This study sought to evaluate the clinical utility of LV–GLS, wall stress
and serum BNP levels in chronic HD patients. The correlations between BNP
levels with both LV wall stress and LV–GLS were assessed.
Methodology: A total of 30 ESRD patients on regular HD – divided into 15 patients
with LV ejection fraction (EF) <50% and 15 patients with LV EF > 50% – and 15 agematched healthy subjects were assessed. LV function and structure were measured
using conventional echocardiography, including LV meridional wall stress (LVMWS),
LV mass index (LVM I) and two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography for
determination of LV–GLS. Serum BNP levels were evaluated after HD sessions.
Results: There were significant increases in LVM SW (189.2 ± 81 vs. 72.2 ± 20.6
dynes/cm 2 2 1000, P < 0.0001), higher levels of BNP (1238 ± 1085.5 vs. 71 ± 23.4
pg/ml, P<0.0001), w hilst LV–GLS was signiϐicantly reduced (15.1 ± 3.1 vs. 20.8 ±
1.7%, P <0.0001) in HD patients, when compared to the controls. Higher values
of LVMWS (246.9 ± 67.5 vs. 131.5 ± 43.6 dynes/cm 2 2 1000, P <0.0001) and BNP
(1925.4 ± 1087 vs. 550.5 ± 496.5pg/ml, P < 0.0005) with further impairment
of LV–GLS (13.8 ± 2.5 vs. 16.4 ± 5.4%, P < 0.05) were found in patients with LV
EF 0 50% than those with LV EF > 50%. Serum levels of BNP were positively
correlated with LVM I (r = 0.896, P < 0.0001) and LVMW S (r = 0.697, P < 0.0001),
but negatively correlated with LV–GLS (r = 0 0.587, P < 0.0001).
Conclusion: LV–GLS and LVMWS are useful imaging markers for detection of
LV dysfunction in HD patients. Serum BNP level is influenced by LV structural
abnormalities, being regarded as a crucial hemodynamic biomarker in those patients.