scholarly journals The Occurrence of Multiple Sclerosis in the Hutterites of North America

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter J. Hader ◽  
T. Peter Seland ◽  
Mary B. Hader ◽  
Colleen J. Harris ◽  
Dennis W. Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
North America ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
High Risk Area ◽  
Common Founder ◽  
Lines Of Descent ◽  
Genetic Isolates ◽  
The Individual

AbstractObjective: To report the occurrence, clinical characteristics and genealogical analysis of multiple sclerosis in the Hutterites of North-Western United States and Western Canada.Background: The incidence of multiple sclerosis is reported to be lower or rare in certain ethnic groups and genetic isolates and was previously observed to be absent in the Hutterite population.Methods: After long-term surveillance, six patients were identified and clinical examinations and laboratory investigations including VER and MRI were completed.Results: The six cases included two brothers, two first cousins, male and female, another male and female, all representing two of the three endogamous groups of Hutterites, are linked to two common ancestors through lines of descent dating to 1723. The individual pedigrees were analyzed from extensive genealogical records covering eight generations.Conclusion: The incidence of multiple sclerosis in Hutterites is low in a high risk area of North America. A specific mode of inheritance pattern has not been established and a common founder effect may play a role in the development of multiple sclerosis. The genetic contribution of the Hutterites seems greater than previously recognized.

Periodic monitoring of vampire bats and rabies: a new framework for animal restoration projects in the Neotropics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Gonçalves ◽  
Daniel G. Streicker ◽  
Mauro Galetti
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Food Web Structure ◽  
Land Bridge ◽  
High Risk Area ◽  
Restoration Project ◽  
Vampire Bats

Nowadays, restoration project might lead to increased public engagement and enthusiasm for biodiversity and is receiving increased media attention in major newspapers, TED talks and the scientific literature. However, empirical research on restoration project is rare, fragmented, and geographically biased and long-term studies that monitor indirect and unexpected effects are needed to support future management decisions especially in the Neotropical area. Changes in animal population dynamics and community composition following species (re)introduction may have unanticipated consequences for a variety of downstream ecosystem processes, including food web structure, predator-prey systems and infectious disease transmission. Recently, an unprecedented study in Brazil showed changes in vampire bat feeding following a rewilding project and further transformed the land-bridge island into a high-risk area for rabies transmission. Due the lessons learned from ongoing project, we present a novel approach on how to anticipate, monitor, and mitigate the vampire bats and rabies in rewilding projects. We pinpoint a series of precautions and the need for long-term monitoring of vampire bats and rabies responses to rewilding projects and highlighted the importance of multidisciplinary teams of scientist and managers focusing on prevention educational program of rabies risk transmitted by bats. In addition, monitoring the relative abundance of vampire bats, considering reproductive control by sterilization and oral vaccines that autonomously transfer among bats would reduce the probability, size and duration of rabies outbreaks. The rewilding assessment framework presented here responds to calls to better integrate the science and practice of rewilding and also could be used for long-term studying of bat-transmitted pathogen in the Neotropical area as the region is considered a geographic hotspots of “missing bat zoonoses”.

Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in south-western Sardinia

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1282-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Cocco ◽  
Claudia Sardu ◽  
Rita Massa ◽  
Elena Mamusa ◽  
Luigina Musu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Annual Incidence Rate ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Homogeneous Population ◽  
High Risk Area

Background: Sardinia is a known high-risk area for multiple sclerosis (MS), but no data for south-western Sardinia (SWS) are available. SWS has a genetically homogeneous population, apart from St Peter Island, and represents a peculiar environment related to the industrial, mineralogical and military economy. Objective: To estimate prevalence and incidence and to evaluate temporal trends and geographical distribution of MS in SWS. Methods: MS prevalence was evaluated on 31 December 2007 and crude mean annual incidence rate was defined between 2003 and 2007. Temporal trend in MS incidence was assessed using the Armitage test. To identify MS clusters, Standard Morbidity Ratio (SMR) was calculated for each village and geographical distribution prevalence by means of a Bayesian hierarchical model. Results: Total crude prevalence rate was 210.4 (95% CI 186.3–234.5): 280.3 (95% CI 241.4–319.3) for females, 138 (95% CI 110.1–165.8) for males. The crude mean annual incidence rate was 9.7/100,000 (95% CI 3.4–13.2): 4.7/100,000 (95% CI 2.4–17.0) and 14.6/100,000 (95% CI 11.8–34.8) for males and females respectively. MS incidence has increased over the last 50 years. Cluster analysis showed an SMR of 0.2 (95% CI 0.05–0.68, p = 0.002) on the island of San Pietro, and 2.0 (95% CI 1.35–2.95, p = 0.001) in Domusnovas. Spatial distribution of MS was confirmed by Bayesian geographical analysis. Conclusions: Our data confirm Sardinia as a high-risk area for MS and support the relevance of genetic factors in MS, as evidenced in St Peter Island. However, we found an unexpectedly high MS prevalence in one village, in particular in males, suggesting an environmental influence on MS occurrence.

Western Norway, a high-risk area for multiple sclerosis: A prevalence/incidence study in the county of Hordaland

Neurology ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1202-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Larsen ◽  
J. A. Aarli ◽  
H. Nyland ◽  
T. Riise
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Incidence Study ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
High Risk Area ◽  
Western Norway

Prevalence, demographics and clinical characteristics of multiple sclerosis in Qatar

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 816-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Deleu ◽  
Danial Mir ◽  
Ahmed Al Tabouki ◽  
Rim Mesraoua ◽  
Boulenouar Mesraoua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Middle Eastern Country ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
High Risk Area ◽  
Male Ratio ◽  
Crude Prevalence

No published epidemiologic data on multiple sclerosis (MS) in Qatar exist. Our objectives were to determine the prevalence, demographics and clinical characteristics of MS in the Middle Eastern country of Qatar. We analyzed data for Qatari MS patients fulfilling the McDonald diagnostic criteria. A total of 154 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. On 31 April 2010, the crude prevalence of MS in Qatar was 64.57 per 100,000 inhabitants (95% CI: 58.31-70.37). The female-to-male ratio was 1.33:1. A positive family history was found in 10.4% of included MS patients. We conclude that Qatar is now a medium-to-high risk area for MS, with some important differences in clinical characteristics as compared to other countries in the region.

Multiple sclerosis in the Republic of San Marino, Italian peninsula: an incidence and prevalence study from a high-risk area

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1231-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Caniglia-Tenaglia ◽  
Susanna Guttmann ◽  
Chiara Monaldini ◽  
Dario Manzaroli ◽  
Mirco Volpini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Prevalence Study ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
High Risk Area ◽  
Italian Peninsula ◽  
The Republic

Helicobacter pylori cagA and vacA Genotypes as Predictors of Progression of Gastric Preneoplastic Lesions: A Long-Term Follow-Up in a High-Risk Area in Spain

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 867-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A González ◽  
Ceu Figueiredo ◽  
Bonet C Lic ◽  
R M Ferreira ◽  
M L Pardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Preneoplastic Lesions ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
High Risk Area ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

scholarly journals “No evident disease activity”: The use of combined assessments in the management of patients with multiple sclerosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1179-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Giovannoni ◽  
Davorka Tomic ◽  
Jeremy R Bright ◽  
Eva Havrdová
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Individual Patient Level ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain

Using combined endpoints to define no evident disease activity (NEDA) is becoming increasingly common when setting targets for treatment outcomes in multiple sclerosis (MS). Historically, NEDA has taken account of the occurrence of relapses, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions and disability worsening, but this approach places emphasis on inflammatory activity in the brain and mostly overlooks ongoing neurodegenerative damage. Combined assessments of NEDA which take account of changes in brain volume or neuropsychological outcomes such as cognitive function may begin to address this imbalance, and such assessments may also consider blood or spinal-fluid neurofilament levels or patient-reported outcomes and quality of life measures. If a combined NEDA assessment can be validated in prospective studies as indicative of long-term disease remission at the individual patient level, treating to achieve NEDA could become the goal of clinical practice and achieving NEDA may become the “new normal” state of disease control for patients with MS.

Histocompatibility antigens in familial multiple sclerosis in a high-risk area of the disease

1984 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kinnunen ◽  
S. Koskimies ◽  
A. Lagerstedt ◽  
J. Wikström
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Histocompatibility Antigens ◽  
High Risk Area

scholarly journals Gastric cancer occurrence in preneoplastic lesions: A long-term follow-up in a high-risk area in Spain

2010 ◽  
Vol 127 (11) ◽  
pp. 2654-2660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. González ◽  
Maria Luisa Pardo ◽  
Juan Maria Ruiz Liso ◽  
Pablo Alonso ◽  
Catalina Bonet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Preneoplastic Lesions ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
High Risk Area ◽  
Cancer Occurrence ◽  
Long Term Follow Up
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