The Application of the Gas Turbine in its Forms to the Field of Commercial Aviation

1946 ◽  
Vol 50 (425) ◽  
pp. 333-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Clarkson
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Commercial Aviation

The development of the gas turbine is so rapid and the thermo-dynamic ingenuity which is being lavished upon it at the present time is so imaginative and varied that the words “ in its forms ” which appear in the title to this paper can mean as much or as little as you please. Partly because I want to limit the scope of this paper to developments which might be expected to be in service within the next five years, and partly because I am frankly not sufficiently acquainted with the characteristics of many of its more advanced forms, I am going to confine myself to a discussion of the effects upon the speed and economy of commercial aviation of the two simplest and immediate variants of the gas turbine— the simple jet-producing turbine and the simple propeller-driving turbine.

scholarly journals Breaking the Barriers

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (05) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Mechanics ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Solid Mechanics ◽  
Commercial Aircraft ◽  
Commercial Aviation ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Exhaust Heat ◽  
Turbine Component ◽  
Made In

This article explores the new developments in the field of gas turbines and the recent progress that has been made in the industry. The gas turbine industry has had its ups and downs over the past 20 years, but the production of engines for commercial aircraft has become the source for most of its growth of late. Pratt & Whitney’s recent introduction of its new geared turbofan engine is an example of the primacy of engine technology in aviation. Many advances in commercial aviation gas turbine technology are first developed under military contracts, since jet fighters push their engines to the limit. Distributed generation and cogeneration, where the exhaust heat is used directly, are other frontiers for gas turbines. Work in fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and solid mechanics has led to continued advances in compressor and turbine component performance and life. In addition, gas turbine combustion is constantly being improved through chemical and fluid mechanics research.

Reverse Engineering Gas Turbine Emission Performance: Applied to an Aircraft Auxiliary Power Unit

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher C. Leong ◽  
Lucas J. Rye ◽  
Simon Blakey ◽  
Christopher W. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Commercial Aviation ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Gaseous Emission ◽  
Future Supply

Environmental and future supply pressures are expected to drive aviation towards alternative fuel sources. However little is available in the literature on aircraft landing-takeoff (LTO) cycle gaseous emissions resulting from the combustion of alternative fuels. Considering the different engine configurations existing in today’s commercial aviation fleet, emission experiments of alternative fuels on all engine types are almost impossible. Modelling may provide a solution but the availability of combustor data (geometry and air split details) in the public domain is limited. A reverse engineering technique is developed to recover the air splits and combustion process in gas turbine engine by a CRN and forward predicting the emissions from the engine exhaust. The model was developed and optimised with a Genetic Algorithm against the Jet A-1 experimental emission data obtained from an APU. Results from the optimised CRN emission predictions closely matched the Jet A-1 gaseous emission data. The modelling technique also successfully demonstrated an ability to predict APU gaseous emission data obtained for Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (SPK) (neat and 50–50 blended with Jet A-1) and biodiesel. This technique is expected to enhance the emission databank of aircraft and airside emissions.

scholarly journals Changing the Game

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (05) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Airline Industry ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Jet Engines ◽  
Commercial Aircraft ◽  
Commercial Aviation ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
Military Aviation ◽  
Electrical Generation ◽  
Future Growth

This article reviews potentially radical advances in gas turbines that came in all shapes and sizes in 2007. Gas turbine production is now a $30 billion industry, one that has been dominated, except for a stretch in the late 1990s, by commercial and military aviation. In its 70-year history, the gas turbine has become one of society’s most important and versatile energy conversion, which is relatively inert. Fuel converted to power through a gas turbine is as kinetic a substance as you can find, and one that can create great wealth. In the $21.8 billion aviation market, nearly 80 percent is for commercial aircraft engines, while the dominance of electrical generation in the $10.5 billion non-aviation market is even greater. New aircraft represents advances for commercial aviation, but commercial jet engines are themselves the key to future growth of the airline industry. While the aviation market has seen steady growth over the past decade or so, the non-aviation market for gas turbines has a noticeable production spike.

scholarly journals Running in Place

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (06) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fast Reaction ◽  
Average Output ◽  
Commercial Aviation ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Renewable Power

This article highlights technological performance improvements in the gas turbine industry and its likely future course. While the outlook for commercial aviation gas turbines is bright, the non-aviation segment is decidedly clouded. While analysts have focused on the growing demand for electricity worldwide, the average output of each individual gas turbine unit is also increasing, and at a rate that is faster than that of electricity demand. Gas turbine power plants also have the advantage of dispatchability, which wind, hydroelectric, and solar often do not. A recent econometric study of renewable electric power implementation shows that the use of fast-reacting fossil technologies such as gas turbines to hedge against variability of electrical supply made it more likely to result in the successful investment and use of renewables. The article suggests that gas turbine power plants are cost-effective and can provide a necessary backup to the variability of renewable power plants. Gas turbines combine low cost and fast reaction time in a way that will enable the grid to handle winds dying down unexpectedly or unpredicted heavy clouds diminishing solar power output.

scholarly journals Small Gas Turbines for US Army Auxiliary Power Systems

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Mercure
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Commercial Aviation ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Auxiliary Power ◽  
Auxiliary Power Units ◽  
Pneumatic Power

Gas turbine driven Auxiliary Power Units (APU) have been used in both military and commercial aviation support systems for more than 30 years. APUs installed on-board aircraft provide electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic power to assist and support the vehicle and the main propulsion systems. Ground carts provide similiar functions for mission preparation and maintenance as well as mobile electric power. Other applications include tracked combat vehicles and ground shelter units. The primary attributes of the gas turbine have given it a solid foothold in the aircraft APU market. Non-aviation applications, however, have been limited because of the turbine’s high acquisition cost and high fuel consumption relative to other available engines. Reducing specific fuel consumption is not as inherently valuable as reducing cost and increasing reliability since engine acquisition and maintenance costs of APUs dominate life cycle costs.

scholarly journals Rotor Burst Protection Program: Statistics on Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine Rotor Failures That Occurred in U. S. Commercial Aviation During 1973

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Mangano ◽  
R. A. DeLucia
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
Commercial Aviation ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Engine Failure ◽  
Causes Of Failure ◽  
Engine Rotor

This paper presents statistical information on the aircraft gas turbine engine rotor failures that occurred in U.S. commerical aviation during 1973. Based on FAA data, results are presented that establish (1) the incidence of rotor failure, (2) the type of fragments generated, (3) whether or not these fragments were contained, (4) the causes of failure, (5) where in the engine failure occurred, (6) what engines were affected and (7) what flight conditions prevailed at failure. The rate of uncontained rotor burst was considered to be significantly high.

The Gas Turbine

1906 ◽  
Vol 61 (1569supp) ◽  
pp. 25137-25138
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine
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