A study on design optimization for compressor blisks

Bladed disks are important components of gas turbine engine. Rotor disk spool drum assemblies of gas turbine engine constitute 20–25% of total engine weight. Increasing thrust-to-weight ratio and engine life is paramount for designers. Blisk reduces significantly weight of rotor, compared against conventional disks for aero engines. This paper brings out specific challenges faced while re-designing bladed disk into blisks including structural integrity aspects under various operating loads. This paper presents a case study on re-design of typical compressor bladed disk into a blisk, without changing the flow path or airfoil configuration, within space constraints. Weight reduction of rotor disk is carried out using shape optimization technique. Blisk configuration is derived from existing bladed disk general arrangement. This paper describes methodology of weight optimization of blisk using ‘HyperStudy’ tool considering static and dynamic 3D models with ANSYS solver. APDL fatigue life macro is developed for fatigue life prediction, using strain-life approach. In this paper 3D bladed disk, baseline and optimized 3D blisk modal analyses results are used to ensure minimum interferences for engine operating conditions. The developed methodology for optimization can be appreciated by significant weight reduction (30%), while meeting design criteria and increased fatigue life.

Identification of the Mathematical Model of a Gas Turbine Engine Taking Into Account the Uncertainty of the Initial Data

The article describes the method developed by the authors and tested on the example of the AI-25 engine. The study was focused on determining the probability distribution of the output parameters of a gas turbine engine mathematical model. The distribution was obtained considering the uncertainty of the initial data. The paper describes the identified problems and possible ways to solve them. In particular, it was found that it is not possible to study the influence of more than 7..8 input parameters on the probability distribution of output parameters with the current level of development of computer technology even using simple mathematical models. For this reason, a method has been developed to obtain reliable results while reducing the number of considered input data based on sensitivity analysis. The paper also proposed a way of comparing stochastic experimental and computational data with each other using a bivariate distribution. This method allows a precise characterisation of the calculation error using 4 numerical values. The experience obtained in the work has shown that taking into account the uncertainty of the initial data dramatically changes the process of interpreting the results. It should be noted that the obtained results are universal and can be used with other mathematical models in various industries although they were developed on the example of the mathematical model of a gas turbine engine.

Application of the vacuum casting technology in the production of small-size gas turbine engine blade machines

The application of casting technologies in the production of parts and assemblies of small-size gas turbine engines is justified in the paper. The technology of vacuum casting in gypsum molds was tested during the production of an experimental centrifugal compressor of a small-size gas turbine engine. On the basis of a 3D model of the designed centrifugal compressor, computational studies of vacuum casting were carried out and rational parameters of the technological process were determined. Prototypes of the developed centrifugal compressor of a small-size gas turbine engine were made. The results of calculations and the performed technological experiment confirmed the fill rate of the gating form and the absence of short pour. The distribution of shrinkage porosity and cavities corresponds to the design values and is concentrated in the central part of the casting that is subjected to subsequent machining. The area of the blades, disc and sleeve is formed without defects. The use of casting technologies in the production of parts and assemblies of small-size gas turbine engines assures the required quality with a comparatively low price of the finished product, making it possible to achieve the balance between the cost of the technology and the quality of the product made according to this technology.

The Role of Stress–Strain State of Gas Turbine Engine Metal Parts in Predicting Their Safe Life

The influence of various factors on the workability of critical metallic parts of a gas turbine engine (GTE) is analysed and systematized. As shown, compressor blades fail as a result of foreign-objects’ damage, gas corrosion, and erosion. Compressor blade roots in most cases fail due to fretting wear caused by vibrations, while the fir-tree rim of turbine discs fails due to low-cycle fatigue (LCF) damage and creep. An increase in the radial gaps between the rotor and stator of the turbine reduces the thrust force and causes changes in the gas-dynamic loading of the engine components. Additional oxidation of metal parts is observed under the action of hot gases from the combustion chamber. The principles of material selection for manufacturing turbine blades and disks, concepts of alloying heat-resistant alloys, and modern methods of surface engineering due to applying protective oxidation-resistant coatings, in particular, chemical vapour deposition (CDV), physical vapour deposition (PVD), air plasma spraying (APS), etc., are also described. To predict the lifetime of turbine disks, it is proposed to use the modified Walker model and Miner’s rule. To specify the time before the failure of the metal blades of the turbine, it is proposed to use the finite element method. To monitor the working-surfaces’ deformations of the gas turbine engine, it is recommended to use optical-digital methods.

Metallurgical Failure Investigation of Combustion Chamber Leakage in a Heavy-duty Gas Turbine Engine

In this contribution, a case study is presented describing the failure of a combustion chamber assembly in a non-OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) gas turbine engine used for power generation. It showed how even advanced fabrication methods, such as Electron Beam (EB) welding, could trigger fatigue fracture, even if there are no material defects, no weld imperfections, no fabrication flaws, and even if everything is within specified limits. As is so often the case in component failures, the fact that failures occur anyway, despite the absence of out-of-spec material properties, and even though there were no fabrication flaws, is attributable to the design; which is often not sturdy enough to withstand unexpected dynamic loading.

Turbine-generator system with a load state observer

Objective: To generate a mathematical model of a gas turbine engine state observer for a GT1h series gas turbine locomotive. Methods: Calculations and modeling of processes were performed using software packages for mathematical modeling of complex electromechanical systems with implementation in Matlab, while data processing and graph plotting were performed using Microsoft Excel. Results: It has been shown that the use of the mathematical model of the state observer in the automatic control system allows providing conditions for the formation of an optimal power load trajectory of the Gas Turbine Engine — Traction Generator system when regulating the power, taking into account the limitations associated with the physical processes occurring in the gas turbine engine. Practical importance: The use of the mathematical model of the state observer makes it possible to generate rational gas turbine load trajectories in the entire range of its use.