scholarly journals Running in Place

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (06) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fast Reaction ◽  
Average Output ◽  
Commercial Aviation ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Renewable Power

This article highlights technological performance improvements in the gas turbine industry and its likely future course. While the outlook for commercial aviation gas turbines is bright, the non-aviation segment is decidedly clouded. While analysts have focused on the growing demand for electricity worldwide, the average output of each individual gas turbine unit is also increasing, and at a rate that is faster than that of electricity demand. Gas turbine power plants also have the advantage of dispatchability, which wind, hydroelectric, and solar often do not. A recent econometric study of renewable electric power implementation shows that the use of fast-reacting fossil technologies such as gas turbines to hedge against variability of electrical supply made it more likely to result in the successful investment and use of renewables. The article suggests that gas turbine power plants are cost-effective and can provide a necessary backup to the variability of renewable power plants. Gas turbines combine low cost and fast reaction time in a way that will enable the grid to handle winds dying down unexpectedly or unpredicted heavy clouds diminishing solar power output.

Totally Enclosed Inline Electric Motor Driven Gas Compressors

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Miller ◽  
Anders T. Johnson ◽  
Markus Ahrens ◽  
T. Kenton Flanery
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
Gas Industry

A team forms to address the challenge of low cost, low maintenance gas compression that can be quickly ramped up to meet peak demands. The Natural Gas Industry recognizes the importance of efficient, flexible compression equipment for the transmission of gas. In the early 1900s the Gas Industry met its compression objectives with many small reciprocating compressor units. As competition increased, Gas Companies began employing more cost effective larger units 3.7 MW (5,000 bhp) and eventually gas turbines 11+ MW (15,000+ bhp) became the prime mover of choice. While gas fired engine driven compressors are convenient for gas companies; they are becoming increasingly difficult to install. Environmental restrictions have tightened making permitting difficult. The larger gas turbine units seemed a solution because they were the low capital cost prime mover and clean burning. However, gas turbines have not yet achieved the high degree of flexibility and fuel efficiency gas transporters hoped. Flexibility has become an increasingly important issue because of the new “Peaking Power Plants” that are coming online. Gas companies are trying to solve the problem of low cost, low maintenance compression that can be quickly ramped up to meet peak demands. The idea of using electric motors to drive compressors to minimize the environmental, regulatory, and maintenance issues is not new. The idea of installing an electrically powered, highly flexible, efficient, low maintenance compressor unit directly into the pipeline feeding the load, possibly underground where it won’t be seen or heard, is a new and viable way for the gas and electric industries to do business together. This paper examines the application of totally enclosed, variable speed electric motor driven gas compressors to applications requiring completely automated, low maintenance, quick response gas pressure boosters. In this paper we will describe how a natural gas transporter, compressor manufacturer, motor manufacturer, and power company have teamed up to design the world’s first gas compressor that can be installed directly in the pipeline. We will discuss methodologies for installing the proposed compressor, the environmental benefits — no emissions, a small footprint, minimal noise — and the benefit of being able to install compression exactly where it is needed to meet the peaking requirements of today’s new loads.

scholarly journals Gas Turbine Uprating Programme Development and Testing of the GT11NM

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Schneider ◽  
Vladimir Navrotsky ◽  
Prith Harasgama
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Cooling Technology ◽  
Improved Performance

ABB has approximately 200 GT11N and GT11D type gas turbines currently operating in simple cycle and combined cycle power plants. Most of these machines are fairly mature with many approaching the end of their economic life. In order that the power producer may continue to operate a fleet with improved performance, Advanced Air Cooling Technology and Advanced Turbine Aerodynamics have been utilized to uprate these engines with the implementation of a completely new turbine module. The objective of the uprating program was to implement the advanced aero/cooling technology into a complete new turbine module with: • Improved power output for the gas turbine • Increase the GT cycle efficiency • Maintain or improve the gas turbine RAM (Reliability, Availability & Maintainability) • Reduce the Cost of Electricity • Maintain or reduce the emissions of the gas turbine The GT11NM gas turbine has been developed based on the GT11N which has been in operation since 1987 and Midland Cogeneration Venture (MCV-Midland, Michigan) was chosen to demonstrate the uprated GT11NM. The upate/retrofit of the GT11N engine was conducted in May/June 1997 and the resulting gas turbine - GT11NM has met and exceeded the performance goals set at the onset of the development program. The next sections detail the main changes to the turbine and the resulting performance improvements as established with the demonstration at Midland, Michigan.

Design Considerations for Syngas Turbine Power Plants

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaya Ganjikunta
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Technology Selection ◽  
Hazardous Area

Market demands such as generating power at lower cost, increasing reliability, providing fuel flexibility, increasing efficiency and reducing emissions have renewed the interest in Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) plants in the Indian refinery segment. This technology typically uses coal or petroleum coke (petcoke) gasification and gas turbine based combined cycle systems as it offers potential advantages in reducing emissions and producing low cost electricity. Gasification of coal typically produces syngas which is a mixture of Hydrogen (H) and Carbon Monoxide (CO). Present state of gas turbine technology facilitates burning of low calorific fuels such as syngas and gas turbine is the heart of power block in IGCC. Selecting a suitable gas turbine for syngas fired power plant application and optimization in integration can offer the purchaser savings in initial cost by avoiding oversizing as well as reduction in operating cost through better efficiency. This paper discusses the following aspects of syngas turbine IGCC power plant: • Considerations in design and engineering approach • Review of technologies in syngas fired gas turbines • Design differences of syngas turbines with respect to natural gas fired turbines • Gas turbine integration with gasifier, associated syngas system design and materials • Syngas safety, HAZOP and Hazardous area classification • Retrofitting of existing gas turbines suitable for syngas firing • Project execution and coordination at various phases of a project This paper is based on the experience gained in the recently executed syngas fired gas turbine based captive power plant and IGCC plant. This experience would be useful for gas turbine technology selection, integration of gas turbine in to IGCC, estimating engineering efforts, cost savings, cycle time reduction, retrofits and lowering future syngas based power plant project risks.

scholarly journals Automated Decision-Analytic Diagnosis of Thermal Performance in Gas Turbines

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Breese ◽  
Eric J. Horvitz ◽  
Mark A. Peot ◽  
Rodney Gay ◽  
George H. Quentin
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Probabilistic Graph ◽  
Performance Problem

We have developed an expert system for diagnosis of efficiency problems for large gas turbines. The system relies on a model-based approach that combines an expert’s probabilistic assessments with statistical data and thermodynamic analysis. The system employs a causal probabilistic graph, called a belief network, to update the likelihoods of alternative faults given information about diverse classes of information. In response to any subset of findings or reported observations, the system suggests the most cost-effective tests to perform to determine the source of a performance problem. We discuss the decision-analytic methodology that underlies the development of the system and present results of an initial version of the system. Finally, we discuss future planned development and evaluation, toward the ultimate goal of applying the system in the day-to-day maintenance of gas-turbine power plants.

Advanced Power Generation: The Potential of Indirectly-Fired Combined Cycles

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julianne M. Klara ◽  
Michael S. Izsak ◽  
Michael R. Wherley
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Current Technology

The next generation of coal-fueled power plants must be efficient, clean, and cost-effective. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) sponsors a program to develop an advanced, coal-based power system called HIPPS, or High Performance Power System, to meet these requirements. In the HIPPS cycle, air from a gas turbine compressor is indirectly heated in a coal-fueled furnace and then further heated directly with natural gas to power a gas turbine. Indirect heating of the gas turbine working fluid avoids the problems associated with expansion of a corrosive, coal-derived gas through a turbine. Steam is also generated to power a bottoming Rankine cycle. This paper presents an analysis of the performance of HIPPS that is achievable using current technology and projects the level of performance as technology advances. The HIPPS cycle using current technology produces electricity from coal at a thermal efficiency that is more than 40 percent higher than that of today’s average coal-based power plants. The effect of advanced gas turbines, a novel gas turbine cycle, high performance steam cycles, and advanced coal-fueled furnace materials/designs is estimated with the use of computer-based engineering tools. Promising system configurations for future generations of HIPPS are identified with cycle efficiencies as high as 49.3 percent on a higher heating value basis.

Design, Development and Application of Vehicle Gas Turbine Engines

1966 ◽  
Vol 181 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-172
Author(s):  
P. A. Phillips ◽  
Peter Spear
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cycle Temperature

After briefly summarizing worldwide automotive gas turbine activity, the paper analyses the power plant requirements of a wide range of vehicle applications in order to formulate the design criteria for acceptable vehicle gas turbines. Ample data are available on the thermodynamic merits of various gas turbine cycles; however, the low cost of its piston engine competitor tends to eliminate all but the simplest cycles from vehicle gas turbine considerations. In order to improve the part load fuel economy, some complexity is inevitable, but this is limited to the addition of a glass ceramic regenerator in the 150 b.h.p. engine which is described in some detail. The alternative further complications necessary to achieve satisfactory vehicle response at various power/weight ratios are examined. Further improvement in engine performance will come by increasing the maximum cycle temperature. This can be achieved at lower cost by the extension of the use of ceramics. The paper is intended to stimulate the design application of the gas turbine engine.

Advances in absorbents and techniques used in wet and dry FGD: a critical review

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lokesh Kumar ◽  
Susanta Kumar Jana
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Packed Column ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Process Industries ◽  
Slurry Bubble Columns

Abstract Sulfur dioxide is considered as an extremely harmful and toxic substance among the air pollutants emitted from the lignite- and other high-sulfur-coal based power plants, old tires processing units, smelters, and many other process industries. Various types of absorbents and desulfurization technologies have been developed and adopted by the industries to reduce the emission rate of SO2 gas. The present paper focuses on the ongoing advances in the development of varieties of regenerative and non-regenerative absorbents viz., Ca-based, Mg-based, Fe-based, Na-based, N2-based, and others along with various FGD technology, viz., wet, dry or semi-dry processes. Additionally, different types of contactors viz., packed column, jet column, spray tower, and slurry bubble columns along with their significant operational and design features have also been discussed. In the existing or newly installed limestone-based FGD plants, an increasing trend of the utilization of newly developed technologies such as limestone forced oxidation (LSFO) and magnesium-enhanced lime (MEL) are being used at an increasing rate. However, the development of low-cost sorbents, particularly suitable solid wastes, for the abatement of SO2 emission needs to be explored sincerely. Many such wastes cause air pollution by way of entrainment of fine particulate matter (PM), groundwater contamination by its leaching, or brings damage to crops due to its spreading onto the cultivation land. One such pollutant is marble waste and in this work, this has been suggested as a suitable substitute to limestone and cost-effective sorbent for the desulfurization of flue gases. The product of this process being sellable in the market or may be used as a raw material in several industries, it can also prove to be an important route of recycling and reuse of one of the air and water-polluting solid wastes.

Performance and Water Consumption of the Solar Steam-Injection Gas Turbine Cycle

2012 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Livshits ◽  
Abraham Kribus
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Solar Power Plants ◽  
Improved Model ◽  
Hybrid Cycle

Solar heat at moderate temperatures around 200 °C can be utilized for augmentation of conventional steam-injection gas turbine power plants. Solar concentrating collectors for such an application can be simpler and less expensive than collectors used for current solar power plants. We perform a thermodynamic analysis of this hybrid cycle, focusing on improved modeling of the combustor and the water recovery condenser. The cycle's water consumption is derived and compared to other power plant technologies. The analysis shows that the performance of the hybrid cycle under the improved model is similar to the results of the previous simplified analysis. The water consumption of the cycle is negative due to water production by combustion, in contrast to other solar power plants that have positive water consumption. The size of the needed condenser is large, and a very low-cost condenser technology is required to make water recovery in the solar STIG cycle technically and economically feasible.

scholarly journals Clear Skies Ahead

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (06) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Innovative Design ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Boom And Bust

This article discusses various fields where gas turbines can play a vital role. Building engines for commercial jetliners is the largest market segment for the gas turbine industry; however, it is far from being the only one. One 2015 military gas turbine program of note was the announcement of an U.S. Air Force competition for an innovative design of a small turbine engine, suitable for a medium-size drone aircraft. The electrical power gas turbine market experienced a sharp boom and bust from 2000 to 2002 because of the deregulation of many electric utilities. Since then, however, the electric power gas turbine market has shown a steady increase, right up to present times. Coal-fired plants now supply less than 5 percent of the electrical load, having been largely replaced by new natural gas-fired gas turbine power plants. Working in tandem with renewable energy power facilities, the new fleet of gas turbines is expected to provide reliable, on-demand electrical power at a reasonable cost.

Assessment of the Potential of Combined Micro Gas Turbine and High Temperature Fuel Cell Systems

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Bohn ◽  
Nathalie Po¨ppe ◽  
Joachim Lepers
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Cell Systems ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Technological Assessment

The present paper reports a detailed technological assessment of two concepts of integrated micro gas turbine and high temperature (SOFC) fuel cell systems. The first concept is the coupling of micro gas turbines and fuel cells with heat exchangers, maximising availability of each component by the option for easy stand-alone operation. The second concept considers a direct coupling of both components and a pressurised operation of the fuel cell, yielding additional efficiency augmentation. Based on state-of-the-art technology of micro gas turbines and solid oxide fuel cells, the paper analyses effects of advanced cycle parameters based on future material improvements on the performance of 300–400 kW combined micro gas turbine and fuel cell power plants. Results show a major potential for future increase of net efficiencies of such power plants utilising advanced materials yet to be developed. For small sized plants under consideration, potential net efficiencies around 70% were determined. This implies possible power-to-heat-ratios around 9.1 being a basis for efficient utilisation of this technology in decentralised CHP applications.

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