Search Area Determination and Search Unit Deployment

1987 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Astbury
Keyword(s):  
Initial Position ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Search Area ◽  
Error Treatment ◽  
Area Determination

In any maritime emergency where time elapses from the start of the incident to the arrival of rescue units it is necessary to establish the most probable survivor area. The procedure for establishing a most probable area is known as search area determination and requires the calculation of one position from another, known respectively as the datum point (DP) – the most probable position of survivors – and the last known position (LKP) – the incident position with recourse to the effects of tide and wind. Under the present manual methodology of the search and rescue planning system (USCG 1973), the DP is given an error treatment comprising drift initial position and search and rescue unit navigational (SRU) errors. Error calculations produce a search area radius (R) which is ‘boxed’ and referenced by four corner coordinates given in latitude and longitude.

Locating Firefighters in Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Environments

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1702-1705
Author(s):  
Yousif Abulhassan ◽  
Doug DeMoulin
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Grid Search ◽  
Radio Communications ◽  
Search Area ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Communication Methods

Locating injured firefighters is critical in immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) environments where they can be overcome by smoke, or exposed to other environmental stressors. Auditory and visual communication technologies such as Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) devices and radio communications are often used to locate firefighters entering IDLH environments. However, the reliability of these communication methods can be detrimental in pinpointing the location of an injured firefighter due to unconsciousness, disorientation, or unfamiliarity with the layout of the building. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of visibility conditions, rescuer familiarity with the search area, and search and rescue method on the time needed to locate victims in an IDLH environment. Results of the study indicated that time needed to locate victims could be significantly reduced when using a radio frequency identification (RFID) based real time locating method compared to a traditional grid search rescue method.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Search and Rescue Leeway model into the Tyrrhenian sea: a new point of view

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Di Maio ◽  
Mathew Vayalumkal Martin ◽  
Roberto Sorgente
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Regional Model ◽  
Boundary Layer Theory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Search Area ◽  
Floating Objects

Abstract. The trajectories prediction of the floating objects above the sea surface represents an important task in the search and rescue (SAR) operations. In this paper we show how may be possible estimate the most probable search area by means of a stocastic model, schematizing appropriately the shape of the object and evaluating the forces acting on it. The LEEWAY model, a Montecarlo-based ensemble trajectory model, has been used; here not only the statistical law to calculate the leeway is employed but also an almost deterministic law inspired by the boundary layer theory. The model is nested with the sub-regional hydrodynamic model TSCRM (Thyrrenian Sicily Channel Regional Model) developed in the framework of PON-TESSA (National Operative Programs-TEchnology for the Situational Sea Awareness) project. The principal objective of the work is to validate the new approach of leeway calculation relying on a real event of Person in Water (PIW), occurred on July 2013 in the Thyrrenian Sea. The results show that assimilating a human body to a cylinder and estimating either the transition from laminar to turbulent boundary layer and the drag coefficients, may be possible to solve a forces balance equation which permits to estimate with good approximation the search area. This new point of view leads to the possibility to check the same approach also on other different categories of targets, so as to overcome in the future the limitations associated with calculation of leeway by means of the standard statistical law.

scholarly journals Multi-UAV Coverage Path Planning Based on Hexagonal Grid Decomposition in Maritime Search and Rescue

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Sung-Won Cho ◽  
Jin-Hyoung Park ◽  
Hyun-Ji Park ◽  
Seongmin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Hexagonal Grid ◽  
Coverage Path Planning ◽  
Search Area ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Maritime Search And Rescue ◽  
Grid Based ◽  
Multi Uav

In the event of a maritime accident, surveying the maximum area efficiently in the least amount of time is crucial for rescuing survivors. Increasingly, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are being used in search and rescue operations. This study proposes a method to generate a search path that covers all generated nodes in the shortest amount of time with multiple heterogeneous UAVs. The proposed model, which is a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model based on a hexagonal grid-based decomposition method, was verified through a simulation analysis based on the performance of an actual UAV. This study presents both the optimization technique’s calculation time as a function of the search area size and the various UAV routes derived as the search area grows. The results of this study can have wide-ranging applications for emergency search and rescue operations.

scholarly journals 3D Exploration and Navigation with Optimal-RRT Planners for Ground Robots in Indoor Incidents

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noé Pérez-Higueras ◽  
Alberto Jardón ◽  
Ángel Rodríguez ◽  
Carlos Balaguer
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Navigation ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Autonomous Robots ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Explicit Representation ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Planning System ◽  
3D Environments ◽  
3D Scenarios ◽  
3D Exploration

Navigation and exploration in 3D environments is still a challenging task for autonomous robots that move on the ground. Robots for Search and Rescue missions must deal with unstructured and very complex scenarios. This paper presents a path planning system for navigation and exploration of ground robots in such situations. We use (unordered) point clouds as the main sensory input without building any explicit representation of the environment from them. These 3D points are employed as space samples by an Optimal-RRTplanner (RRT * ) to compute safe and efficient paths. The use of an objective function for path construction and the natural exploratory behaviour of the RRT * planner make it appropriate for the tasks. The approach is evaluated in different simulations showing the viability of autonomous navigation and exploration in complex 3D scenarios.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the search and rescue LEEWAY model in the Tyrrhenian Sea: a new point of view

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1979-1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Di Maio ◽  
Mathew V. Martin ◽  
Roberto Sorgente
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Force Balance ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Search Area ◽  
Real Person ◽  
Floating Objects ◽  
Force Balance Equation

Abstract. The trajectories' prediction of floating objects above the sea surface represents an important task in search and rescue (SAR) operations. In this paper we show how it is possible to estimate the most probable search area by means of a stochastic model, schematizing the shape of the object appropriately and evaluating the forces acting on it. The LEEWAY model,a Monte Carlo-based ensemble trajectory model, has been used; here, both statistical law to calculate the leeway and an almost deterministic law inspired by the boundary layer theory have been considered. The model is nested within the subregional hydrodynamic model TSCRM (Tyrrhenian Sicily Channel Regional Model) developed in the framework of PON-TESSA (Programma Operativo Nazionale; National Operative Program – TEchnology for the Situational Sea Awareness) project. The main objective of the work is to validate a new approach of leeway calculation that relies on a real person in water (PIW) event, which occurred in the Tyrrhenian Sea in July 2013. The results show that by assimilating a human body to a cylinder and estimating both the transition from laminar to turbulent boundary layer and the drag coefficients, it can be possible to solve a force balance equation, which allows the search area to be estimated with good approximation. This new point of view leads to the possibility of also testing the same approach for other different categories of targets, so as to overcome the limitations associated with the calculation of the leeway in the future by means of standard statistical law.

scholarly journals A GRASP-Based Approach for Planning UAV-Assisted Search and Rescue Missions

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Casper Bak Pedersen ◽  
Kasper Gaj Nielsen ◽  
Kasper Rosenkrands ◽  
Alex Elkjær Vasegaard ◽  
Peter Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Search Region ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Solution Approach ◽  
Missing Persons ◽  
Search Area ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Fast Solution

Search and Rescue (SAR) missions aim to search and provide first aid to persons in distress or danger. Due to the urgency of these situations, it is important to possess a system able to take fast action and effectively and efficiently utilise the available resources to conduct the mission. In addition, the potential complexity of the search such as the ruggedness of terrain or large size of the search region should be considered. Such issues can be tackled by using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with optical sensors. This can ensure the efficiency in terms of speed, coverage and flexibility required to conduct this type of time-sensitive missions. This paper centres on designing a fast solution approach for planning UAV-assisted SAR missions. The challenge is to cover an area where targets (people in distress after a hurricane or earthquake, lost vessels in sea, missing persons in mountainous area, etc.) can be potentially found with a variable likelihood. The search area is modelled using a scoring map to support the choice of the search sub-areas, where the scores represent the likelihood of finding a target. The goal of this paper is to propose a heuristic approach to automate the search process using scarce heterogeneous resources in the most efficient manner.

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