Reliability and uncertainty in determining search area during Search-and Rescue action

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Burciu
Keyword(s):  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Search Area

Locating Firefighters in Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Environments

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1702-1705
Author(s):  
Yousif Abulhassan ◽  
Doug DeMoulin
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Grid Search ◽  
Radio Communications ◽  
Search Area ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Communication Methods

Locating injured firefighters is critical in immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) environments where they can be overcome by smoke, or exposed to other environmental stressors. Auditory and visual communication technologies such as Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) devices and radio communications are often used to locate firefighters entering IDLH environments. However, the reliability of these communication methods can be detrimental in pinpointing the location of an injured firefighter due to unconsciousness, disorientation, or unfamiliarity with the layout of the building. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of visibility conditions, rescuer familiarity with the search area, and search and rescue method on the time needed to locate victims in an IDLH environment. Results of the study indicated that time needed to locate victims could be significantly reduced when using a radio frequency identification (RFID) based real time locating method compared to a traditional grid search rescue method.

Search Area Determination and Search Unit Deployment

1987 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Astbury
Keyword(s):  
Initial Position ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Search Area ◽  
Error Treatment ◽  
Area Determination

In any maritime emergency where time elapses from the start of the incident to the arrival of rescue units it is necessary to establish the most probable survivor area. The procedure for establishing a most probable area is known as search area determination and requires the calculation of one position from another, known respectively as the datum point (DP) – the most probable position of survivors – and the last known position (LKP) – the incident position with recourse to the effects of tide and wind. Under the present manual methodology of the search and rescue planning system (USCG 1973), the DP is given an error treatment comprising drift initial position and search and rescue unit navigational (SRU) errors. Error calculations produce a search area radius (R) which is ‘boxed’ and referenced by four corner coordinates given in latitude and longitude.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Search and Rescue Leeway model into the Tyrrhenian sea: a new point of view

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Di Maio ◽  
Mathew Vayalumkal Martin ◽  
Roberto Sorgente
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Regional Model ◽  
Boundary Layer Theory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Search Area ◽  
Floating Objects

Abstract. The trajectories prediction of the floating objects above the sea surface represents an important task in the search and rescue (SAR) operations. In this paper we show how may be possible estimate the most probable search area by means of a stocastic model, schematizing appropriately the shape of the object and evaluating the forces acting on it. The LEEWAY model, a Montecarlo-based ensemble trajectory model, has been used; here not only the statistical law to calculate the leeway is employed but also an almost deterministic law inspired by the boundary layer theory. The model is nested with the sub-regional hydrodynamic model TSCRM (Thyrrenian Sicily Channel Regional Model) developed in the framework of PON-TESSA (National Operative Programs-TEchnology for the Situational Sea Awareness) project. The principal objective of the work is to validate the new approach of leeway calculation relying on a real event of Person in Water (PIW), occurred on July 2013 in the Thyrrenian Sea. The results show that assimilating a human body to a cylinder and estimating either the transition from laminar to turbulent boundary layer and the drag coefficients, may be possible to solve a forces balance equation which permits to estimate with good approximation the search area. This new point of view leads to the possibility to check the same approach also on other different categories of targets, so as to overcome in the future the limitations associated with calculation of leeway by means of the standard statistical law.

scholarly journals Multi-UAV Coverage Path Planning Based on Hexagonal Grid Decomposition in Maritime Search and Rescue

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Sung-Won Cho ◽  
Jin-Hyoung Park ◽  
Hyun-Ji Park ◽  
Seongmin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Hexagonal Grid ◽  
Coverage Path Planning ◽  
Search Area ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Maritime Search And Rescue ◽  
Grid Based ◽  
Multi Uav

In the event of a maritime accident, surveying the maximum area efficiently in the least amount of time is crucial for rescuing survivors. Increasingly, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are being used in search and rescue operations. This study proposes a method to generate a search path that covers all generated nodes in the shortest amount of time with multiple heterogeneous UAVs. The proposed model, which is a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model based on a hexagonal grid-based decomposition method, was verified through a simulation analysis based on the performance of an actual UAV. This study presents both the optimization technique’s calculation time as a function of the search area size and the various UAV routes derived as the search area grows. The results of this study can have wide-ranging applications for emergency search and rescue operations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the search and rescue LEEWAY model in the Tyrrhenian Sea: a new point of view

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1979-1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Di Maio ◽  
Mathew V. Martin ◽  
Roberto Sorgente
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Force Balance ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Search Area ◽  
Real Person ◽  
Floating Objects ◽  
Force Balance Equation

Abstract. The trajectories' prediction of floating objects above the sea surface represents an important task in search and rescue (SAR) operations. In this paper we show how it is possible to estimate the most probable search area by means of a stochastic model, schematizing the shape of the object appropriately and evaluating the forces acting on it. The LEEWAY model,a Monte Carlo-based ensemble trajectory model, has been used; here, both statistical law to calculate the leeway and an almost deterministic law inspired by the boundary layer theory have been considered. The model is nested within the subregional hydrodynamic model TSCRM (Tyrrhenian Sicily Channel Regional Model) developed in the framework of PON-TESSA (Programma Operativo Nazionale; National Operative Program – TEchnology for the Situational Sea Awareness) project. The main objective of the work is to validate a new approach of leeway calculation that relies on a real person in water (PIW) event, which occurred in the Tyrrhenian Sea in July 2013. The results show that by assimilating a human body to a cylinder and estimating both the transition from laminar to turbulent boundary layer and the drag coefficients, it can be possible to solve a force balance equation, which allows the search area to be estimated with good approximation. This new point of view leads to the possibility of also testing the same approach for other different categories of targets, so as to overcome the limitations associated with the calculation of the leeway in the future by means of standard statistical law.

scholarly journals A GRASP-Based Approach for Planning UAV-Assisted Search and Rescue Missions

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Casper Bak Pedersen ◽  
Kasper Gaj Nielsen ◽  
Kasper Rosenkrands ◽  
Alex Elkjær Vasegaard ◽  
Peter Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Search Region ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Solution Approach ◽  
Missing Persons ◽  
Search Area ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Fast Solution

Search and Rescue (SAR) missions aim to search and provide first aid to persons in distress or danger. Due to the urgency of these situations, it is important to possess a system able to take fast action and effectively and efficiently utilise the available resources to conduct the mission. In addition, the potential complexity of the search such as the ruggedness of terrain or large size of the search region should be considered. Such issues can be tackled by using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with optical sensors. This can ensure the efficiency in terms of speed, coverage and flexibility required to conduct this type of time-sensitive missions. This paper centres on designing a fast solution approach for planning UAV-assisted SAR missions. The challenge is to cover an area where targets (people in distress after a hurricane or earthquake, lost vessels in sea, missing persons in mountainous area, etc.) can be potentially found with a variable likelihood. The search area is modelled using a scoring map to support the choice of the search sub-areas, where the scores represent the likelihood of finding a target. The goal of this paper is to propose a heuristic approach to automate the search process using scarce heterogeneous resources in the most efficient manner.

scholarly journals Bacterial Foraging Algorithm for Optimal Joint-Force Searching Strategy of Multi – SAR Vessels at Sea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngoc Ha Pham ◽  
Minh Duc Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Median Filter ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Bacterial Foraging Optimization ◽  
Rescue Operation ◽  
Joint Force ◽  
Search Area ◽  
Bacterial Foraging ◽  
Searching Strategy ◽  
Bacterial Foraging Algorithm ◽  
Quick Search

Enhancing the effectiveness of search and rescue operation at sea is always a duty of utmost importance of the coastal states. The search area for distressed objects can be determined by using Monte Carlo simulation, combined with the Median-Filter. Once the search area has been identified, the success of search and rescue operations depends on the sweeping ability of search and rescue vessel at the probability area of the distress object with the minimum time. This is the important element to the success of the search and rescue operation as it minimizes the risk and cost for Search and rescue team. In this article, the authors study and propose the use of Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm (BFOA) to calculate the optimal search and co-ordination route for many search and rescue vessels in Vietnam sea. The simulation results show that it is quite consistent with reality and BFOA can be effectively applied to determine a quick search.

scholarly journals Network analysis for search areas in WiSAR operations

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-202
Author(s):  
Sebastian Drexel ◽  
Susanne Zimmermann-Janschitz ◽  
Robert J. Koester
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Network Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Search Area ◽  
Ring Model

Purpose A search and rescue incident is ultimately all about the location of the missing person; hence, geotechnical tools are critical in providing assistance to search planners. One critical role of Geographic Information Systems (GISs) is to define the boundaries that define the search area. The literature mostly focuses on ring- and area-based methods but lacks a linear/network approach. The purpose of this paper is to present a novel network approach that will benefit search planners by saving time, requires less data layers and provides better results. Design/methodology/approach The paper compares two existing models (Ring Model, Travel Time Cost Surface Model (TTCSM)) against a new network model (Travel Time Network Model) by using a case study from a mountainous area in Austria. Newest data from the International Search and Rescue Incident Database are used for all three models. Advantages and disadvantages of each model are evaluated. Findings Network analyses offer a fruitful alternative to the Ring Model and the TTCSM for estimating search areas, especially for regions with comprehensive trail/road networks. Furthermore, only few basic data are needed for quick calculation. Practical implications The paper supports GIS network analyses for wildland search and rescue operations to raise the survival chances of missing persons due to optimizing search area estimation. Originality/value The paper demonstrates the value of the novel network approach, which requires fewer GIS layers and less time to generate a solution. Furthermore, the paper provides a comparison between all three potential models.

scholarly journals Special methods for performing search operation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-35
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Romanovich Yapparov ◽  
Viktor Valerievich Alekseev
Keyword(s):  
Search Time ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Sequential Search ◽  
Search Range ◽  
Rescue Operation ◽  
Rescue Services ◽  
Search Area ◽  
Trained Personnel ◽  
Operation Rescue ◽  
Technical Measures

The article gives the analysis of planning measures for searching ship in distress as a tactical method of conducting a search and rescue operation. Rescue services of various ministries, departments and organizations, their search and rescue units equipped with the trained personnel and facilities for conducting rescue operations are involved in the search and rescue process. The specialized centers coordinate the actions of search and rescue operation participants maintaining reliable communication between the participants who ensure the operation. A search and rescue operation is a complex of organizational and technical measures that ensure determining the coordinates of people in distress at sea and their subsequent rescue. Special plans for surveying the search area for a ship in distress are considered in detail: search of a probable course, search by variable courses, search by a curtain, radial search. Schemes for determining the boundaries of the sector of probable movement of a ship in distress, calculating sequential search courses, building a search, calculating the time lying on the course, determining the search sector and the search range are illustrated. There has been stated a specific feature of the search for a ship in distress - the lack of necessary information about the object location. The main tasks are listed and substantiated, the solution of which on the site allows the responsible persons to prepare the maximum effective search and rescue operations. A specific example of solving the problem of the radial search is given, a diagram of the circle of encounters is constructed, the maximum meeting angle of the search range is determined, the maximum search range, the necessary data for search and rescue vessels and the required number of search and rescue vessels are calculated, the maximum possible search time is determined.

scholarly journals Survey of search area of ship in distress

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Romanovich Yapparov ◽  
Viktor Valerievich Alekseev
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Maximum Width ◽  
Rescue Operation ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Search Area ◽  
First Case ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Time Required

The article describes the different types of maneuvering and search methods that require a clear organization. The scheme of survey of the search area of a ship in distress is considered. There have been illustrated the tactical techniques of search and rescue operations at sea characterized by the fact that the exact location of the ship in distress is unknown. The necessary elements and quantities to be calculated during the search and rescue operation are listed: location of search courses; ratio of the speed and detection range at which a ship in distress can be detected in a specified area of a given width; maximum width of the area to be surveyed; time required to survey the area. The scheme of the survey of the search area is presented. Two survey methods are considered: by a single vessel and by a group of vessels. It is noted that in the first case, the survey will be carried out by the rescue vessel moving over the entire area by longitudinal and transverse tacks in turn; the calculations are given. In the second case, when searching by a group of vessels, the possibilities of surveying an area of greater or lesser width can change. Formulas are presented for calculating the required ratio at which a ship in distress can be detected; the size of the transverse and longitudinal tacks; the maximum width of the area that can be surveyed by a group of vessels involved in the search operation. Using a specific example, the elements of the search and rescue process are calculated.

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