scholarly journals Direction Indication Lights

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-253
Author(s):  
H. V. Anguish
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
English Channel ◽  
Southern North Sea ◽  
Centre Line ◽  
Light Flashes

A Recent Admiralty Notice to Mariners (No. 1555/1968) advises that a vessel trading the southern North Sea and the English Channel has been fitted with experimental direction indication lights in order to indicate to an approaching vessel the direction in which she is altering course and the duration of the alteration. The positioning of these lights are 10·5 ft. higher than the after masthead light and 4 ft. outboard on each side of the centre line, and they are coloured red to port and green to starboard. When altering course the appropriate light flashes until the vessel is steadied up on her new course.

scholarly journals Investigations Upon the Water Movements in the English Channel. Summer, 1924

1927 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Carruthers
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
English Channel ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Southern North Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Westerly Winds ◽  
The North Sea

In July, 1924, 250 floating, and an equal number of bottom-trailing, bottles were put out at selected places in the western English Channel. Fifty of each type were put out at each of the two routine Stations E2 and E3, and the same number was “liberated” at each of three selected stretches along the steamship route from Southampton to St. Malo. Those surface bottles, which did not strand locally, travelled rapidly up Channel towards the North Sea and across it. Many bottles arrived in the Skager-Rack after performing their journey of some 700 miles at the rate of 6 miles a day and more. An adequate study of wind conditions, as recorded at several stations along the length of the Channel and at one station in the southern North Sea, revealed the fact that there was, for some 5½ months (counting from the time of liberation of the bottles), an almost uninterrupted predominance of south-westerly winds—as recorded at all stations considered. The whole area of the Channel was swept by south-westerly winds of average speed of some 9 miles a day for at least 5½ months subsequent to the time of putting out of the bottles. July, 1924, had (according to the Falmouth Observatory records) the largest proportion of westerly winds experienced for 54 years; 20 days of this month had winds with westerly components. The association of the unusually persistent westerly winds with the rapid travel of surface bottles towards and across the North Sea is interesting.

Movements and distribution of cod (Gadus morhua) in the southern North Sea and English Channel: results from conventional and electronic tagging experiments

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 599-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Righton ◽  
Victoria Anne Quayle ◽  
Stuart Hetherington ◽  
Gary Burt
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
English Channel ◽  
Seasonal Movement ◽  
Southern North Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Fisheries Policy ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Electronic Tags

The sub-structure of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) stocks in the North Sea has important consequences for fisheries management as the Common Fisheries Policy moves towards a more regional approach. We investigated the movements, distribution and behaviour of cod in the southern North Sea (ICES IVc) and English Channel (ICES VIId) by re-analysing historic data from conventional tagging experiments, and by conducting new experiments with electronic tags. Cod tagged and released in IVc showed a northwards shift in distribution during the feeding season consistent with a homing migration away from spawning grounds along the coasts of the UK and the Netherlands. In contrast, cod tagged and released in VIId did not exhibit a consistent pattern of seasonal movement. Many cod released in VIId were subsequently recaptured close to their release position, although some moved out of the Channel and into the southern North Sea. Overlap between the recapture areas of cod released in the different management areas was no more than 25% in either the spawning or feeding season. Behavioural data from electronic tags suggest that cod in IVc make use of tidal streams to migrate northwards and eastwards in spring, whereas selective tidal stream transport was rarely exhibited by cod tagged and released in VIId. Overall, the evidence suggests that there are behavioural differences between cod in IVc and VIId that limit the mixing of cod from these two areas during the feeding and spawning seasons.

Winter zooplankton dynamics in the English Channel and southern North Sea: trends and drivers from 1991 to 2013

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Dudeck ◽  
Norbert Rohlf ◽  
Christian Möllmann ◽  
Marc Hufnagl
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Zooplankton Abundance ◽  
English Channel ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Chlorophyll A Concentration ◽  
Southern North Sea ◽  
Zooplankton Ecology ◽  
Zooplankton Size

Abstract Winter has long been regarded as a period of minor importance in marine zooplankton ecology with static, low concentrations and growth rates of organisms. Yet, there is growing evidence that winter conditions influence spring bloom strength. With rising water temperatures, growing importance of fish larvae survival during winter and the lack of data to parameterize ecosystem models for this period, research focus shifted on winter zooplankton ecology. To enable looking into past changes in winter zooplankton ecology, we established a new winter zooplankton time series based on samples collected in the eastern English Channel and southern North Sea by the International Herring Larvae Survey since 1988. Four areas of the study region were identified containing different congregations of zooplankton. Overall, zooplankton size decreased while total zooplankton abundance increased, reaching its maximum in 2011. Zooplankton abundance dynamics were mainly related to temperature, chlorophyll a concentration and North Atlantic Oscillation index. Depth and Atlantic water inflow strongly influenced zooplankton size. Increased chlorophyll a concentration and high abundances of small copepods indicated bottom-up controlled secondary production since 2010 and a possible winter bloom in 2011. Based on the analysed parameters, no relation between herring larvae abundance and zooplankton or environmental drivers was determined.

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