Modelling liquefied natural gas ship traffic in port based on cellular automaton and multi-agent system

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Jingxian Liu ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Le Qi

Abstract Over the past few decades, the number of liquefied natural gas (LNG) ships and terminals has been increasing, playing an important role in global clean energy transportation. However, the traffic capacity of LNG shipping in port areas is limited because of its high safety requirements. In view of this problem, a novel model is proposed to study the ship traffic in a port area by combining cellular automaton (CA) and multi-agent methods. Taking the CNOOC Tianjin LNG Terminal as an example, the ship traffic in Tianjin Port is simulated. Based on the simulation results, the LNG ship traffic capacity and its impact on the general shipping traffic flow under different special traffic rules are obtained. This model can provide theoretical support for optimising the port traffic organisation for LNG ships.

Author(s):  
Peiwei Xin ◽  
Faisal Khan ◽  
Salim Ahmed

This paper presents a layout optimization methodology for the topside deck of a floating liquefied natural gas facility (FLNG) using inherent safety principles. Natural gas is emerging as a clean energy, and a large amount of natural gas exists in the proven offshore area, thus making it an energy source with huge potential in today's and the future market. FLNG facilities tap natural gas from an offshore well by floating, compressing it into liquefied natural gas (LNG), and offloading it to LNG carriers after temporary storage. In addition, FLNG facilities enable long-distance as well as multilocation transportation. The FLNG facility requires compact design due to limited space and high construction costs and thus faces a more challenging situation where the design has to concurrently guarantee economic profits and a safe operational environment. Therefore, the layout of the topside deck, which includes production, storage, and other functions, plays a paramount role in designing an FLNG facility. This paper optimizes the layout of an FLNG topside deck by implementing inherent safety principles. The objective is to design a topside deck layout which achieves the largest extent of inherent safety with optimal costs. The details of the principles and their application for layout optimization are also provided.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Peter Roberts

Abstract The concept of commercializing natural gas through liquefaction to give liquefied natural gas (LNG), with the capacity for that LNG to be shipped worldwide to meet the demand for clean energy, is well known. The options for, and the opportunities for evolution in, how LNG is priced (whether locally, regionally or even globally, with indexation to crude oil prices or to reported gas hub prices) have also been widely discussed in industry literature. But into the LNG pricing mix, we could soon be adding a new value measure which could have the capacity to shape the way in which LNG production projects are configured—tCO2e (or, to give it its full name, tCO2e/tLNG).


MARLIN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Yuni Ari Wibowo ◽  
Anas Noor Firdaus

Kebutuhan akan energi bersih dalam satu dekade terakhir terus meningkat seiring dengan kesadaran user dan regulator untuk menjaga kelestarian lingkungan, sehingga dibutuhkan berbagai macam upaya untuk mengelola dan memperluas produksinya. Salah satu jenis clean energy yang akhir-akhir ini menyita perhatian industri global adalah Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). Asia Pasifik memiliki 9,4% dari cadangan gas dunia, dengan Indonesia menyumbang 1,53%. Kebanyakan cadangan LNG ditemukan pada laut lepas (offshore) dan terisolasi dari infrastruktur daratan. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut dibutuhkanlah fasilitas struktur bangunan apung, seperti FSRU. FSRU sendiri biasanya ditambatkan pada jetty/dermaga dengan sistem berthing. Dalam mendesain dermaga perlu dipertimbangkan gaya-gaya yang timbul akibat kondisi berthing dengan konfigurasi side-by-side. Konfigurasi ini menciptakan efek multibody dalam perilaku hidrodinamika, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji efek multibody antara FSRU dan LNGC dengan variasi jarak satu sama lain 2, 4, 6 dan 8 m. Gerakan FSRU ditinjau dalam penelitian ini dengan skenario pemodelan tanpa pengaruh dan terpengaruh LNGC. Hal ini penting dilakukan dalam perancangan jetty karena FSRU ditambatkan pada jetty. Berdasarkan simulasi numerik analisis dinamis frequency domain yang dihasilkan, didapatkan bahwa efek multibody terlihat pada model side-by-side. Efek multibody akibat propagasi gelombang dari arah head seas (= 180o) tidak menyebabkan dampak signifikan pada variasi jarak, kecuali pada jarak 2 m akibat fenomena standing wave. Pada gelombang yang berpropagasi arah seperempat haluan (= 225o)) dan arah samping (= 270o)  juga terlihat adanya efek multibody pada variasi jarak. Pada model dengan jarak 4 dan 8 m, karakter RAO cenderung lebih rendah atau sama dengan RAO pada model FSRU free floating. Namun pada jarak 2 dan 6 m, karakter RAO lebih tinggi dari dari RAO FSRU free floating. Selain menaikkan dan menurunkan harga RAO gerakan, efek multibody juga menggeser frekuensi natural (?) struktur bangunan apung dengan beda 0.1 – 0.3 rad/s. Hal ini penting diketahui karena posisi frekuensi natural dapat memicu magnifikasi gerakan jika terjadi resonansi.The demand of clean energy in the last decade continues to increase along with the awareness of users and regulators to preserve the environment, so that efforts are needed to manage and expand their production. A type of clean energy that has recently caught the attention of the global industry is Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). Asia Pacific has 9.4% of the world’s gas reserves, with Indonesia contributing 1.53%. Most LNG reserves are located in offshore and isolated from land infrastructure. To overcome these problems, floating structures, such as the FSRU, are needed. The FSRU is usually moored to the jetty / dock with the berthing system. In designing the jetty it is necessary to consider the forces that arise due to berthing condition with side-by-side configuration. This configuration create a multibody effect in hydrodynamic behavior, this study aims to examine the multibody effects between FSRU and LNGC with variations in distance 2, 4, 6 and 8 m. The FSRU movement was reviewed in this study with a modeling scenario without the influence and influence of the LNGC. This is important to evaluate in designing the jetty because the FSRU is moored to the jetty. According to the numerical simulation of the dynamic frequency domain analysis, it was found that the multibody effect was found in the side-by-side model. The multibody effect due to wave propagation from the direction of the head seas (= 180o)  does not cause a significant impact on the variation of the distance, except at a distance of 2 m due to the standing wave phenomenon. While the waves propagating in the direction of a quarter of the bow (= 225o) and the side direction (= 270o) a multibody effect is also found in the variation of distance. In models with a distance of 4 and 8 m, the RAO character tends to be lower or equal to RAO in the free floating FSRU model. Therefore at a distance of 2 and 6 m, the RAO character is higher than that of the RAO free floating FSRU. In addition to raising and lowering the RAO price of the movement, the multibody effect also shifts the natural frequency of the floating structure with a difference of 0.1 - 0.3 rad / s. This is important to investigate because the position of natural frequencies can trigger magnification of the movement in the event of resonance.


2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Girdis ◽  
Stratos Tavoulareas ◽  
Ray Tomkins

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