scholarly journals ANALISIS NUMERIK PENGARUH MULTIBODY PADA KONFIGURASI TRANSFER LNG SECARA SIDE-BY-SIDE DENGAN VARIASI JARAK

MARLIN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Yuni Ari Wibowo ◽  
Anas Noor Firdaus
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Standing Wave ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Frequency Domain Analysis ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Floating Structure ◽  
Floating Structures ◽  
Global Industry

Kebutuhan akan energi bersih dalam satu dekade terakhir terus meningkat seiring dengan kesadaran user dan regulator untuk menjaga kelestarian lingkungan, sehingga dibutuhkan berbagai macam upaya untuk mengelola dan memperluas produksinya. Salah satu jenis clean energy yang akhir-akhir ini menyita perhatian industri global adalah Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). Asia Pasifik memiliki 9,4% dari cadangan gas dunia, dengan Indonesia menyumbang 1,53%. Kebanyakan cadangan LNG ditemukan pada laut lepas (offshore) dan terisolasi dari infrastruktur daratan. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut dibutuhkanlah fasilitas struktur bangunan apung, seperti FSRU. FSRU sendiri biasanya ditambatkan pada jetty/dermaga dengan sistem berthing. Dalam mendesain dermaga perlu dipertimbangkan gaya-gaya yang timbul akibat kondisi berthing dengan konfigurasi side-by-side. Konfigurasi ini menciptakan efek multibody dalam perilaku hidrodinamika, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji efek multibody antara FSRU dan LNGC dengan variasi jarak satu sama lain 2, 4, 6 dan 8 m. Gerakan FSRU ditinjau dalam penelitian ini dengan skenario pemodelan tanpa pengaruh dan terpengaruh LNGC. Hal ini penting dilakukan dalam perancangan jetty karena FSRU ditambatkan pada jetty. Berdasarkan simulasi numerik analisis dinamis frequency domain yang dihasilkan, didapatkan bahwa efek multibody terlihat pada model side-by-side. Efek multibody akibat propagasi gelombang dari arah head seas (= 180o) tidak menyebabkan dampak signifikan pada variasi jarak, kecuali pada jarak 2 m akibat fenomena standing wave. Pada gelombang yang berpropagasi arah seperempat haluan (= 225o)) dan arah samping (= 270o)  juga terlihat adanya efek multibody pada variasi jarak. Pada model dengan jarak 4 dan 8 m, karakter RAO cenderung lebih rendah atau sama dengan RAO pada model FSRU free floating. Namun pada jarak 2 dan 6 m, karakter RAO lebih tinggi dari dari RAO FSRU free floating. Selain menaikkan dan menurunkan harga RAO gerakan, efek multibody juga menggeser frekuensi natural (?) struktur bangunan apung dengan beda 0.1 – 0.3 rad/s. Hal ini penting diketahui karena posisi frekuensi natural dapat memicu magnifikasi gerakan jika terjadi resonansi.The demand of clean energy in the last decade continues to increase along with the awareness of users and regulators to preserve the environment, so that efforts are needed to manage and expand their production. A type of clean energy that has recently caught the attention of the global industry is Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). Asia Pacific has 9.4% of the world’s gas reserves, with Indonesia contributing 1.53%. Most LNG reserves are located in offshore and isolated from land infrastructure. To overcome these problems, floating structures, such as the FSRU, are needed. The FSRU is usually moored to the jetty / dock with the berthing system. In designing the jetty it is necessary to consider the forces that arise due to berthing condition with side-by-side configuration. This configuration create a multibody effect in hydrodynamic behavior, this study aims to examine the multibody effects between FSRU and LNGC with variations in distance 2, 4, 6 and 8 m. The FSRU movement was reviewed in this study with a modeling scenario without the influence and influence of the LNGC. This is important to evaluate in designing the jetty because the FSRU is moored to the jetty. According to the numerical simulation of the dynamic frequency domain analysis, it was found that the multibody effect was found in the side-by-side model. The multibody effect due to wave propagation from the direction of the head seas (= 180o)  does not cause a significant impact on the variation of the distance, except at a distance of 2 m due to the standing wave phenomenon. While the waves propagating in the direction of a quarter of the bow (= 225o) and the side direction (= 270o) a multibody effect is also found in the variation of distance. In models with a distance of 4 and 8 m, the RAO character tends to be lower or equal to RAO in the free floating FSRU model. Therefore at a distance of 2 and 6 m, the RAO character is higher than that of the RAO free floating FSRU. In addition to raising and lowering the RAO price of the movement, the multibody effect also shifts the natural frequency of the floating structure with a difference of 0.1 - 0.3 rad / s. This is important to investigate because the position of natural frequencies can trigger magnification of the movement in the event of resonance.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT OF ARCTIC LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS SUPPLIESTO THE ASIAN-PACIFIC REGION COUNTRIES UNDER THE END OF THE “TRADE WAR” BETWEEN THE USA AND CHINA

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2/2020) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
M. V. Ulchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
South Korea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region

Currently, the Asia-Pacific market is a priority goal for almost all major producers of liquefied natural gas(LNG). This is due to the relatively high price that local consumers are willing to pay, as well as the accelerated growth rate of natural gas consumption. At the same time, China is the main driver of growth in demand for LNGin the world, has concluded a trade agreement with the United States, which involves the purchase of energy resources worth more than $ 52 billion over two years. Given the decline in LNG prices, as well as increased competition, the issue of the prospects for sales of Russian Arctic gas on the market of the Asia-Pacific region becomes particularly relevant.The study provides a generalized assessment of the needs of the main importers of LNG ––China, South Korea and Japan, with a planning horizon of 4–5 years. The relatively high growth rates of the economy, partial rejection of nuclear energy, struggle to improve the environmental situation, as well as the desire to diversify supply routes explain the needs of the countries in the Asia-Pacific region for additional volumes of LNGin the near future. The analysis showed that both Japan and South Korea are interested in increasing the volume of imports of Russian arctic LNG, whose key advantages over most competitors are the price and relative proximity of sales markets. At the same time, the reduction in the number of operating gas drilling rigs in the United States indicates that it will not be possible to maintain the growth rate of LNG production at the level of 2018 and 2019.

Layout Optimization of a Floating Liquefied Natural Gas Facility Using Inherent Safety Principles

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peiwei Xin ◽  
Faisal Khan ◽  
Salim Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Layout Optimization ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Future Market ◽  
Inherent Safety ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Offshore Area ◽  
Compact Design

This paper presents a layout optimization methodology for the topside deck of a floating liquefied natural gas facility (FLNG) using inherent safety principles. Natural gas is emerging as a clean energy, and a large amount of natural gas exists in the proven offshore area, thus making it an energy source with huge potential in today's and the future market. FLNG facilities tap natural gas from an offshore well by floating, compressing it into liquefied natural gas (LNG), and offloading it to LNG carriers after temporary storage. In addition, FLNG facilities enable long-distance as well as multilocation transportation. The FLNG facility requires compact design due to limited space and high construction costs and thus faces a more challenging situation where the design has to concurrently guarantee economic profits and a safe operational environment. Therefore, the layout of the topside deck, which includes production, storage, and other functions, plays a paramount role in designing an FLNG facility. This paper optimizes the layout of an FLNG topside deck by implementing inherent safety principles. The objective is to design a topside deck layout which achieves the largest extent of inherent safety with optimal costs. The details of the principles and their application for layout optimization are also provided.

Passive trapped modes in the water-wave problem for a floating structure

2010 ◽  
Vol 657 ◽  
pp. 456-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. FITZGERALD ◽  
P. MCIVER
Keyword(s):  
Water Wave ◽  
Finite Energy ◽  
Frequency Domain Analysis ◽  
Trapped Modes ◽  
Wave Problem ◽  
Floating Structure ◽  
Water Wave Problem ◽  
Floating Structures ◽  
Trapped Mode ◽  
Motion Modes

Trapped modes in the linearized water-wave problem are free oscillations of an unbounded fluid with a free surface that have finite energy. It is known that such modes may be supported by particular fixed structures, and also by certain freely floating structures in which case there is, in general, a coupled motion of the fluid and structure; these two types of mode are referred to respectively as sloshing and motion trapped modes, and the corresponding structures are known as sloshing and motion trapping structures. Here a trapped mode is described that shares characteristics with both sloshing and motion modes. These ‘passive trapped modes’ are such that the net force on the structure exerted by the fluid oscillation is zero and so, in the absence of any forcing, the structure does not move even when it is allowed to float freely. In the paper, methods are given for the construction of passive trapping structures, a mechanism for exciting the modes is outlined using frequency-domain analysis, and the existence of the passive trapped modes is confirmed by numerical time-domain simulations of the excitation process.

tCO2e—a new pricing model for LNG?

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Peter Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Pricing Model ◽  
Crude Oil Prices ◽  
Value Measure ◽  
The Way

Abstract The concept of commercializing natural gas through liquefaction to give liquefied natural gas (LNG), with the capacity for that LNG to be shipped worldwide to meet the demand for clean energy, is well known. The options for, and the opportunities for evolution in, how LNG is priced (whether locally, regionally or even globally, with indexation to crude oil prices or to reported gas hub prices) have also been widely discussed in industry literature. But into the LNG pricing mix, we could soon be adding a new value measure which could have the capacity to shape the way in which LNG production projects are configured—tCO2e (or, to give it its full name, tCO2e/tLNG).

Frequency-Domain Calculations of Moored Vessel Motion Including Low Frequency Effect

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Le Cunff ◽  
Sam Ryu ◽  
Jean-Michel Heurtier ◽  
Arun S. Duggal
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Drag Force ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Frequency Domain Analysis ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Wave Frequency ◽  
Diffraction Radiation ◽  
Floating Structure ◽  
Low Frequency Motion

Frequency-domain analysis can be used to evaluate the motions of the FPSO with its mooring and riser. The main assumption of the frequency-domain analysis is that the coupling is essentially linear. Calculations are performed taking into account first order wave loads on the floating structure. Added mass and radiation damping terms are frequency dependent, and can be easily considered in this formulation. The major non-linearity comes from the drag force both on lines and the floating structure. Linearization of the non-linear drag force acting on the lines is applied. The calculations can be extended to derive the low frequency motion of the floating structure. Second order low frequency quadratic transfer function is computed with a diffraction/radiation method. Given a wave spectrum, the second order force spectrum can then be derived. At the same time frequency-domain analysis is used to derive the low frequency motion and wave frequency motion of the floating system. As an example case, an FPSO is employed. Comparison is performed with time domain simulation to show the robustness of the frequency-domain analysis. Some calculations are also performed with either low frequency terms only or wave frequency terms only in order to check the effect of modeling low and wave frequency terms, separately. In the case study it is found that the low frequency motion is reduced by the wave frequency motion while the wave frequency motion is not affected by the low frequency motion.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF LNG MARKET TRENDS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RUSSIAN ARCTIC LNG PROJECTS.

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1/2021) ◽  
pp. 83-99
Author(s):  
Michael V. Ulchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
Near Future

Currently, natural gas is considered by most countries as the main source of energy, since it is the cleanest of all hydrocarbon fuels. So, the countries of the European Union have already announced their intention to completely abandon coal, in the production of electricity, in favor of natural gas by 2030. A similar policy is being pursued by the countries of the Asia-Pacific region, although they do not specify any specific deadlines. At the same time, natural gas is transported in two ways — using a pipeline and in liquefied form. The main advantage of the second method is that after liquefaction, the gas can be delivered to any point of the planet where there is a demand for it. Currently, the growth rate of the liquefied natural gas market is such that in 15–20 years it will not only catch up with the pipeline market, but also surpass it The paper identifies the key producers and exporters of liquefied natural gas, as well as assesses their potential opportunities in terms of increasing the volume of natural gas production and LNG production. The analysis showed that at the beginning of 2021, the main LNG exporters are Australia, Algeria, Indonesia, Malaysia, Qatar, Nigeria, Russia and the United States. At the same time, Qatar, Russia and the United States have real opportunities to increase export volumes. Australia is also able to increase production volumes, as it has reserves and spare production capacity, but due to the significantly increased domestic demand for LNG, it is likely that it will not be able to do this in the near future.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF RUSSIAN PROJECTS OF LNG EXPORT TO THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION’S COUNTRIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 232-239
Author(s):  
Nikita Ignatyev ◽  
Irina Provornaya
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
The Monte Carlo Method

In this work, the Monte Carlo method is used to determine the effectiveness of investments of Russian projects of the export of liquefied natural gas to the countries of the Asia-Pacific region, namely Japan, China and South Korea. The volumes of capital costs for the construction of the facility, operating costs for the operation of the facility, the price of liquefied natural gas were chosen as free parameters in the application of the Monte Carlo method. To perform the work, a forecast of prices for liquefied natural gas in the Asia-Pacific region was made based on the forecast of prices for Brent crude oil. Furthermore, the paper presents a forecast of operating costs for the operation of the project until 2035. The result is to determine the economic efficiency of the Yamal LNG project. The application of the Monte Carlo method showed that the net present value of the project by 2035 is most likely to be about $ 22 billion. Such an excellent result was possible due to the significant tax benefits provided by the state in accordance with the program of development of the oil and gas industry in the Arctic part of Russia.

Assessing the Possibility of a Gas Hub Emergence in East Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 136-141
Author(s):  
Maxim Yu. Shevyrenkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pricing System ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Gas Market

The article examines the problem of emergence in East Asia of a regional trading center (hub) for liquefied natural gas (LNG) with its own independent price index, which can become the basis for pricing in long-term contracts for supplying gas to the countries of this region. The author identifies the main factors stimulating Asian players in the gas market to pass to a new pricing system while signing gas purchase contracts. The countries — the main candidates for creating their own LNG hub — are considered. The article analyzes current situation and the prospects for developing regional LNG hubs in such countries as China, Japan and Singapore. The paper also identifies the main obstacles to creating developed exchange trade of LNG in the Asia-Pacific countries and estimates the most likely places for the emergence of a gas hub.

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