Tradition and temerity: papal attitudes to deviants, 1159–1216

1972 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 79-91
Author(s):  
Brenda Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Christian Community ◽  
Positive Direction ◽  
Real Experiment ◽  
Social Patterns ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Fourth Lateran Council ◽  
The Church

The fourth Lateran council of 1215 represented a watershed in the official attitude towards heresy. It marked the end of a period of considerable flexibility and real experiment in dealing with dissident movements. For nearly sixty years, the Church had been seeking possible solutions to the problems posed by the formation of new religious groups which not only deviated in various ways from orthodox belief but which also failed to conform to accepted social patterns within the Christian community. Tradition and temerity were two elements in papal policy at this time. The tentative developments of the pontificate of Alexander III were given positive direction by the energetic actions of Innocent III who examined some of these groups to find a way by which they might be contained within the Church and thus allowed to fulfil their vocation. But at the same time, the Church was becoming institutionalised and its framework more rigid. The freedom of manoeuvre of the pope was limited. The episcopate and the regular orders saw Innocent’s actions as inimical to the hierarchical structure of the Church and, therefore, brought the whole weight of traditional opinion and influence to bear against the continuation of such policies.

Parafia unicka w Rachaniach do 1811 roku/ The Uniate Parish in Rachanie until 1811

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Adam Frykowski
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Holy Communion ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church ◽  
Ancillary Equipment

AbstractThe following paper depicts the history of Saint Simeon Stylites Uniate Parish in Rachanie since it became known in historical sources until 1811- that is the time it ceased to be an independent church unit. The introduction of the article contains the geographical location of the parish, its size and the position within the hierarchical structure of the Church. Having analysed post-visit inspection protocols left by Chelm Bishops, the appearance as well as fittings and ancillary equipment of the church in Rachanie in that particular period are reported. Moreover, the list of 4 local clergymen is recreated and their benefice is determined. As far as possible, both the number of worshipers and the number of Holy Communion receivers is determined.

scholarly journals Rechtvaardiging en recht in de kerk: Over de theologische achtergronden van het gereformeerde kerkrecht

1992 ◽  
Vol 48 (3/4) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Van ’t Spijker
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Reformed Church ◽  
Ordo Salutis ◽  
Christ Church ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Church Law ◽  
The Church

Justification and law in the church: The theological background of reformed church law In reformed church law there is a connection between ecclesiastical structure (disciplina) and ecclesiastical doctrine (doctrina). Luther’s doctrine of justification disrupted the hierarchical structure of the church. For him, whose conception of the church started from the principle of the unique priesthood of Christ, church law was ius divinum. The Calvinists paid more attention to the church and her organisation than Luther did. Because they related the church order to the ordo salutis, the church came to serve the true doctrine, which is her primary characteristic.

Default Logic Models of Certain Inheritance Systems with Exceptions

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 129-149
Author(s):  
Serge Garlatti
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Formal Semantics ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Nonmonotonic Reasoning ◽  
Default Logic ◽  
Representation Systems ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Structure Of Knowledge ◽  
Made In

Representation systems based on inheritance networks are founded on the hierarchical structure of knowledge. Such representation is composed of a set of objects and a set of is-a links between nodes. Objects are generally defined by means of a set of properties. An inheritance mechanism enables us to share properties across the hierarchy, called an inheritance graph. It is often difficult, even impossible to define classes by means of a set of necessary and sufficient conditions. For this reason, exceptions must be allowed and they induce nonmonotonic reasoning. Many researchers have used default logic to give them formal semantics and to define sound inferences. In this paper, we propose a survey of the different models of nonmonotonic inheritance systems by means of default logic. A comparison between default theories and inheritance mechanisms is made. In conclusion, the ability of default logic to take some inheritance mechanisms into account is discussed.

scholarly journals Stepwise collapse of a giant pore metal–organic framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (14) ◽  
pp. 5011-5022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam F. Sapnik ◽  
Duncan N. Johnstone ◽  
Sean M. Collins ◽  
Giorgio Divitini ◽  
Alice M. Bumstead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Pair Distribution Function ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Defect Engineering ◽  
Structural Collapse ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Organic Framework

Defect engineering is used to augment the porosity of MIL-100. Incorporation of defects leads to structural collapse and ultimately causes amorphisation. Pair distribution function analysis reveals a stepwise collapse of the hierarchical structure.

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