Oxidant damage and deterioration of the blood-brain barrier in optic neuritis: A correlative study in the guinea pig by MRI and TEM

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-393
Author(s):  
E. Ann Ellis ◽  
John R. Guy ◽  
Jeffery R. Fitzsimmons ◽  
Barbara L. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Optic Chiasm ◽  
Cytochemical Localization ◽  
Gadolinium Dtpa ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Optic neuritis, a demyelinating autoimmune disease, is usually the initial site of multiple sclerosis (MS). Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), the experimental model for MS, is induced by injecting spinal cord emulsion in complete Freund’s Adjuvant into susceptible animals; clinical symptoms of ataxia and hind quarter paralysis develop 8 to 14 days later. Damage to the bloodbrain barrier (BBB) and free radical derived oxidants, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), have been implicated in the pathology of EAE and other inflammatory diseases. Cytochemical localization of H2O2 in the optic nerve head of animals with EAE corresponds to areas of extravasation of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) at later stages of EAE. Damage to the BBB is monitored clinically in human cases of MS by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA), contrast agent, leakage. Preliminary studies of EAE with MRI at 4 days post antigen sensitization showed leakage of Gd-DTPA in the optic nerve; light and electron microscopy (TEM) of sections from the same nerve showed substantial inflammation from the optic nerve head to the optic chiasm.

scholarly journals Effects of high dose prednisolone on optic nerve head blood flow in patients with acute optic neuritis

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. A30
Author(s):  
Hemma Resch ◽  
Günther Weigert ◽  
Gerhard Garhöfer ◽  
Karl Kircher ◽  
Guido T Dorner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Acute Optic Neuritis

scholarly journals Optic Nerve Head Changes in Patients with Optic Neuritis Secondary to Multiple Sclerosis: A Comparison of The Affected and Fellow Healthy Eyes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevcan Balcı ◽  
Merve Beyza Yıldız ◽  
Alev Özçelik Köse ◽  
Devran Süer ◽  
Ece Turan Vural ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Healthy Eyes

Imaging Features of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension in Children

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J. P. W. Hartmann ◽  
Bruno P. Soares ◽  
Beau B. Bruce ◽  
Amit M. Saindane ◽  
Nancy J. Newman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Empty Sella ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Sinus Stenosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signs of elevated intracranial pressure and idiopathic intracranial hypertension have been well characterized in adults but not in children. The MRIs of 50 children with idiopathic intracranial hypertension and 46 adults with idiopathic intracranial hypertension were reviewed for optic nerve head protrusion, optic nerve head enhancement, posterior scleral flattening, increased perioptic cerebrospinal fluid, optic nerve tortuosity, empty or partially empty sella, tonsillar herniation, enlargement of Meckel’s cave meningoceles, and transverse venous sinus stenosis(TSS). Compared to adolescents (11-17 years, n = 40) and adults (>17 years, n = 46), prepubescent children (<11 years, n = 10) had lower frequencies of scleral flattening (50% vs 89% and 85%, P = .02), increased perioptic cerebrospinal fluid (60% vs 84% and 89%, P = .08), optic nerve tortuosity (20% vs 46% and 59%, P = .07), empty or partially empty sella (56% vs 78% and 93%, P = .007), and TSS (67% vs 93% and 96%, P = .04). Children with idiopathic intracranial hypertension have similar MRI findings as adults, but they are less frequent in prepubescent children.

Effects of high-dose prednisolone on optic nerve head blood flow in patients with acute optic neuritis

2008 ◽  
Vol 246 (10) ◽  
pp. 1423-1427
Author(s):  
K. Kircher ◽  
G. Weigert ◽  
H. Resch ◽  
G. Garhöfer ◽  
G. T. Dorner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Acute Optic Neuritis

scholarly journals Molecular Profile of a Pituitary Rhabdomyosarcoma Arising From a Pituitary Macroadenoma: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinci Lu ◽  
Liam Chen
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
Optic Chiasm ◽  
Molecular Profile ◽  
Pituitary Macroadenoma ◽  
Incidental Discovery ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Pituitary sarcoma arising in association with pituitary adenoma is an uncommon finding. Most cases of secondary sarcoma have been noted to arise with a median interval of 10.5 years post radiation. In this case report, we describe a 77-year-old man with an incidental discovery of a pituitary macroadenoma on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and underwent radiotherapy. Three years after radiation treatment, there was an acute change in clinical symptoms and increase in tumor size and mass effect on the optic chiasm which prompted surgical resection. A pituitary adenoma along with a separate spindle-cell sarcomatous component was identified in histology. Immunohistochemical stain for muscle markers confirmed a development of pituitary rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). Molecular profiling of the tumor identified mutations in TP53, ATRX, LZTR1, and NF1. Despite its rarity, characterization of pituitary RMS with immunohistochemistry and molecular studies may provide an insight to its pathophysiological relationship with pituitary adenoma.

scholarly journals Preclinical stress originates in the rat optic nerve head during development of autoimmune optic neuritis

Glia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Stojic ◽  
Jovana Bojcevski ◽  
Sarah K. Williams ◽  
Carlos Bas-Orth ◽  
Stefan Nessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Optic Nerve Head

scholarly journals Optic chiasm involvement in AQP-4 antibody–positive NMO and MOG antibody–associated disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 135245852110114
Author(s):  
Deena Tajfirouz ◽  
Tanyatuth Padungkiatsagul ◽  
Shannon Beres ◽  
Heather E Moss ◽  
Sean Pittock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Optic Chiasm ◽  
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein ◽  
Nerve Lesion ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Optic Nerve Lesion ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Demyelinating Disorders

Background: Optic neuritis (ON) is often the presenting symptom in inflammatory central nervous system demyelinating disorders. Objective: To compare the frequency and pattern of optic chiasm involvement in patients with aquaporin-4-immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG)-associated ON to patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-immunoglobulin G (MOG-IgG)-associated ON. Methods: Retrospective review of all patients evaluated at Mayo Clinic, Stanford University and Ramathibodi Hospital who were found to have: (1) ON, (2) either MOG-IgG or AQP4-IgG by cell-based assay, and (3) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the time of ON. MRI was reviewed for contrast enhancement of the optic chiasm and the pattern of involvement. Results: One hundred and fifty-four patients (74 AQP4-IgG and 80 MOG-IgG) were included. Among patients with AQP4-IgG-ON, 20% had chiasmal involvement, compared with 16% of patients with MOG-IgG-ON ( p = 0.66). In patients with chiasmal involvement, longitudinally extensive optic nerve enhancement (from orbit extending to chiasm) was identified in 54% of MOG-IgG-ON patients, compared with 7% of AQP4-IgG-ON patients ( p = 0.01). Conclusion: Chiasmal involvement of MOG-IgG-ON and AQP4-IgG-ON occur at more similar frequencies than previously reported. Furthermore, MOG-IgG-ON chiasmal involvement is more likely to be part of a longitudinally extensive optic nerve lesion.

scholarly journals Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in 18 Dogs With Presumed Optic Neuritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Muñiz Moris ◽  
Giunio Bruto Cherubini ◽  
Abby Caine
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Optic Chiasm ◽  
Optic Nerve Sheath ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Low Field ◽  
Nerve Sheath

Canine optic neuritis has been attributed to a focal or disseminated form of granulomatous meningoencephalitis (GME) amongst other etiologies. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been proven to help differentiate the structures within the optic nerve sheath and therefore could aid the diagnosis of optic neuritis in dogs. The objectives of this study were to describe and compare the MRI abnormalities affecting the optic nerve sheath complex and optic chiasm in dogs with clinically suspected optic neuritis as a component of meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology (MUE) or as an isolated form (I-ON). Retrospective evaluation of patient details, clinical signs, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, and MRI findings of dogs with clinically suspected optic neuritis between January 2011 and May 2018 was performed. Eighteen dogs met the inclusion criteria. MRI findings included contrast enhancement of both optic nerves (11/18) and optic chiasm (6/18), changes within the CSF volume surrounding the optic nerve (10/18), changes to the optic disc (10/18), changes of size or signal affecting the optic chiasm (10/18), changes in the Short TI inversion recovery (STIR) signal of the optic nerve (7/15), retrobulbar changes (3/18), and concurrent brain lesions (13/18). A variety of subtle MRI features may indicate optic nerve involvement and low-field MRI is a sensitive method to detect changes within the optic nerve sheath complex in dogs with optic neuritis as an isolated form (I-ON) or as an extension of MUE.

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