10. Heroism

New Surveys in the Classics ◽

10.1017/s0533245118000111 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 81-87

Keyword(s):

Young Woman ◽

Older Men ◽

Female Characters ◽

Knowing That ◽

Same Gender

Antigone's defiant words might be regarded as an archetypal statement of tragic heroism. Faced with a human instruction to leave her dead brother unburied, she fulfils the rites owed to the corpse knowing that this will lead to her death; when the time comes, she treats the tyrant who menaces her, Creon, with disdain. She does this as a powerless young woman, facing an older man in a position of total authority; the contrast between the figures on stage, evident in their costumes and masks, will have accentuated the shocking nature of her response. The chorus show her no sympathy. They are even older men, which makes the female Antigone seem all the more alone; other female characters who challenge the power of males, such as Procne or Euripides’ Medea, at least have a supportive chorus of the same gender. So the circumstances in which Antigone finds herself emphasize the bravery evident in her speech, where she shows herself willing to give up her life to treat her brother's corpse as she believes the laws of the gods demand.

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Paying to play: an economic experiment examining children’s avatar preferences and their willingness to pay for them

Young Consumers Insight and Ideas for Responsible Marketers ◽

10.1108/yc-12-2018-0910 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 219-235

Author(s):

Amanda Brooke Jennings ◽

Madeline Messer

Keyword(s):

Willingness To Pay ◽

Video Game ◽

Role Playing ◽

Stated Preferences ◽

Female Characters ◽

Male And Female ◽

Content Type ◽

Same Gender ◽

The Cost ◽

Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this study is a formal experimental economics test of results found in a study designed and executed by a 12-year-old who was concerned about what she perceived to be bias in gaming applications (apps) that provided male avatar characters for no cost but required in-app purchases to access female characters. The present study was designed to test empirically whether children have a revealed preference for same-gendered characters and whether such preferences are dependent on the cost of the characters. Design/methodology/approach Children from 6 to 16 years of age were recruited to participate in a framed field economics experiment in which they would earn actual money and be given opportunities to spend it on in-game avatars they could then use to continue to play. Additionally, a survey gathered data on participants’ stated preferences and experiences playing game apps on mobile phones. Findings Children do prefer to play a character of the same gender; however, they are more likely to remain the default character if choosing a different character costs money. When asked to say why they picked their character, children report most often that it is based on either the characters’ appearance or gender, followed by perceived character abilities, liking the character and the cost of a character. A vast majority (90 per cent) of children felt both male and female characters should be free. Research limitations/implications This research was limited because the experiment simulated in-app purchases but could not offer the permanence of real-world in-app purchases. Players in the experiment could not “keep” the character if they chose to pay for it. The authors adjusted for this by making the cost to change character gender much lower than it would be in the game (25 cents in the study vs approximately $10 in the app). Future research could explore ways to make in-app purchases during the study permanent for players to test if the permanence of the purchase results in greater willingness to pay to switch character gender. Practical implications This research has practical implications for video game designers. As both male and female players prefer to play with characters of the same gender, and having a cost to play a character reduces switching behavior, it is possible that having a cost for female characters reduces the popularity of the game with female players. This is especially relevant for endless running games as these games are preferred more by women than men. By making female characters free, default character and developers may increase the popularity of these games with female players. Originality/value This study adds to the body of literature about gender and video game preferences because prior studies relied solely on stated preferences about characters (using surveys and self-reported behaviors) and not on revealed preferences (observed behaviors). Additionally, this study examines character gender preferences in a casual game, while most prior studies have examine preferences in massively multiplayer online role-playing games.

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Das Motiv der Grenzüberschreitung in Karpatendeutschen Autobiografien

Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philologia ◽

10.24193/subbphilo.2021.3.09 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 131-144

Author(s):

Diana Balogáčová ◽

Keyword(s):

Everyday Life ◽

Young Woman ◽

Life Story ◽

Rhetorical Figures ◽

Knowing That ◽

Prison Camp

"The Motif of Crossing Borders in Carpathian German Autobiographies. Josef Derx's Memories is the autobiography of a Wehrmacht soldier who becomes a banker after the war. Free of mythology and biblical references, but often with humorous-parodic undertones, the narrative focuses on spatial and temporal details of Derx's life story. In the description of everyday life in a prison camp and the escape from it, the transformation of the remembered self into a remembering self can be observed textually and stylistically by means of changes in tempo and rhetorical figures. Elisabeth Metzl's Ein Paradies verloren aber wir leben (A Lost Paradise but We Live) tells the story of a young woman who has to flee from Bratislava to Austria in her “travelling prison” before the war, without knowing that she will leave her homeland behind forever. The search for her lost sons becomes a personal odyssey. Keywords: autobiography, remembered self, remembering self, personal odyssey "

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Pursuit of the Perfect Mother: An Unusual Case of Stalking

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1046/j.1440-1614.2000.00682.x ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 164-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anthony H. Samuels ◽

Stephen Allnutt ◽

Eng-Kong Tan

Keyword(s):

Young Woman ◽

Clinical Picture ◽

Unusual Case ◽

Early Age ◽

Same Gender ◽

Legal Consequences ◽

Beneficial Outcome

Objective: To highlight issues of adoption and twinship in an unusual case of stalking. Clinical picture: An ususual case of same gender, serial stalking which began at an early age in a young woman who was one of a set of twins adopted at birth. Treatment: Insight orientated psychotherapy. Outcome: Beneficial outcome in context of clear boundaries, therapist selection and emphasis upon legal consequences of behaviour. Conclusions: Early disruptions to attachments including adoption and twinship may have relevance in some patterns of adult stalking behaviour.

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Senile Masculinity: The Male Body in Crisis

Ageing in the Modern Arabic Novel ◽

10.3366/edinburgh/9781474466752.003.0005 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 104-132

Author(s):

Samira Aghacy

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Decline ◽

Older Men ◽

Physical Impairment ◽

Diverse Group ◽

Male Body ◽

Female Characters ◽

Sexual Performance ◽

Men And Women ◽

Younger Men

The novels in this chapter concentrate on works by al-Habib al-Salimi, Hassan Daoud and Rashid al-Daif that represent a diverse group of men who subvert stereotypes of manhood and view older men within a gendered perspective. It exposes images of men who are no longer certain of their autonomy and sexual performance. Unlike traditional female characters who generally avoid allusions to sexuality, men’s works are fraught with libido and complaints about sexual potency, cognitive decline, and physical impairment. In a world of shifting values, they come to the realization that they are gradually becoming more feminized, and more vulnerable to the youthful gaze of younger men and women.

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Critical Intersectionality, Ageism, and Intergenerational Supports Foregrounding Black SGL and Gay Older Men

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3108 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 847-847

Author(s):

Angela Perone ◽

Beth Glover Reed ◽

Danae Ross

Keyword(s):

Focus Groups ◽

Older Men ◽

Intergenerational Transfer ◽

Intergenerational Support ◽

Transfer Of Knowledge ◽

Hiv Status ◽

Collaborative Project ◽

Black And White ◽

Same Gender ◽

And Bisexual

Abstract Using critical intersectionality frameworks, this project foregrounds how Black same-gender-loving (SGL), gay, and bisexual older men navigate complexities of interacting positionalities (e.g. race, gender, sexual orientation, HIV-status, and class). This study employs and further develops intracategorical and intercategorical analytic methods with data from eight focus groups, conducted as part of a larger collaborative project in Detroit. Data from two intragroup focus groups with Black same-gender-loving older men and six subsequent intergroup focus groups with Black and white lesbian, gay, bisexual, SGL, and queer participants of various ages revealed concerns and responses to barriers and facilitators for intergenerational support and intergenerational transfer of knowledge. Building on intersectionality frameworks of power, this research provides new insights from a vastly underrepresented and understudied community about how shifting contexts shape how experiences of oppression like racism, ageism, and homophobia interact and reveal potential opportunities for intergenerational supports moving forward.

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Femme Fatale or Lesbian Femme

10.5406/illinois/9780252036613.003.0016 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Chris Straayer

Keyword(s):

Sexual Difference ◽

Film Noir ◽

Sex And Gender ◽

Femme Fatale ◽

Female Characters ◽

Male And Female ◽

Same Gender ◽

And Gender ◽

Creative Capacity ◽

Double Cross

This chapter analyzes the neo-noir Bound (1996). It shows how the splitting of sex from gender liberates generic conventions in the service of protagonists who, enacting a lesbian romance in film noir, avail themselves of generic formulas to double-cross the villains. Analyzing the creative capacity of noir gender “to turn cartwheels on both male and female characters within a system of sexual difference,” the chapter shows how Bound—self-consciously playing on the debated identities of butch, femme, and feminine—generates different-sex erotics through same-gender protagonists. Through such playful manipulations, the film opens up flexible reimaginings of sex and gender across the spectrum of gay and straight as alternatives to rigidifying heterosexual and homosexual binaries.

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Female Masculinity in Radclyffe Hall's Novel The Well of Loneliness

Molung Educational Frontier ◽

10.3126/mef.v10i1.34039 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 159-167

Author(s):

Shankar Subedi

Keyword(s):

Young Woman ◽

The Novel ◽

Female Characters ◽

Female Masculinity ◽

Conventional Paradigm ◽

The Well Of Loneliness

This paper aims to analyze Radclyffe Hall's novel The Well of Loneliness from the perspective of female masculinity. For that purpose, it uses the concept of female masculinity developed by Judith Halberstam. Seen from the angle of female masculinity forwarded by Habersham, the present paper comes to the conclusion that masculinity falls into crisis as we compare it to how it was defined and understood traditionally. Most of the female characters in the novel show boldness, strength and ability to face and tackle different situations filled with danger and hopelessness. A young woman named Stephen Gordon pursues her passions and embarks on her own subjective world. Her activities and choices are anomalous to the established mores concerning the role and position of women. This is what goes against the conventional paradigm of gender and supports the idea of subversive female masculinity.

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