Neutrino physics with an opaque detector

In 1956 Reines & Cowan discovered the neutrino using a liquid scintillator detector. The neutrinos interacted with the scintillator, producing light that propagated across transparent volumes to surrounding photo-sensors. This approach has remained one of the most widespread and successful neutrino detection technologies used since. This article introduces a concept that breaks with the conventional paradigm of transparency by confining and collecting light near its creation point with an opaque scintillator and a dense array of optical fibres. This technique, called LiquidO, can provide high-resolution imaging to enable efficient identification of individual particles event-by-event. A natural affinity for adding dopants at high concentrations is provided by the use of an opaque medium. With these and other capabilities, the potential of our detector concept to unlock opportunities in neutrino physics is presented here, alongside the results of the first experimental validation.

Development of a dynamics-based model for analyzing strategic water–environmental conflicts: systems thinking instead of linear thinking

A new evolvement in graph model for conflict resolution (GMCR), a robust methodology for conflict resolution, is presented in this research effort to incorporate the systems thinking concept into the conventional paradigm of GMCR so that the dynamic nature of water–environmental conflicts can be modeled, and better outcomes obtained. To achieve this objective, a methodology is developed in three phases: static, dynamic, and outcome-based analyses. To develop the methodology, the Tigris–Euphrates basin conflict in the Middle East over the past 30 years, as a real-life case study, is used to show the robustness and capabilities of the proposed approach. Finally, a sustainable resolution to the current conflict is proposed, and the results are discussed. The proposed methodology benefits from improving the existing and often static-based conflict resolution developments by considering the dynamic nature so that the true root causes of complex conflicts are addressed, better strategic insights achieved, and comprehensive resolution provided.

New Perspectives on Manila’s Chinese Community at the Turn of the Eighteenth Century

This article reexamines the political dynamic within Manila’s Parián (Chinatown) in the early eighteenth century, challenging the “conventional” paradigm of Christian Chinese monopolization of power. The centerpiece of my research focuses on a judicial case initiated by the Chinese community against Pedro Barredo, a Spanish official charged with committing a variety of sadistic crimes against Chinese merchants and their families in 1701. It also analyzes the psychological rationale undergirding Spain’s systemic racism against Chinese immigrants responsible for the colony’s economic prosperity. Utilizing unpublished documents from the Archivo General de Indias in Seville, Spain, and the National Archives of the Philippines in Manila, this new perspective fills in significant details missing from scholarly literature regarding the Chinese Overseas experience in Manila prior to 1800.

Chemotherapeutic drug-induced immunogenic cell death for nanomedicine-based cancer chemo-immunotherapy

Chemotherapy has been a conventional paradigm for cancer treatment, and multifarious chemotherapeutic drugs have been widely employed for decades with significant performances in suppressing tumors. Moreover, some of the antitumor...

Female Masculinity in Radclyffe Hall's Novel The Well of Loneliness

This paper aims to analyze Radclyffe Hall's novel The Well of Loneliness from the perspective of female masculinity. For that purpose, it uses the concept of female masculinity developed by Judith Halberstam. Seen from the angle of female masculinity forwarded by Habersham, the present paper comes to the conclusion that masculinity falls into crisis as we compare it to how it was defined and understood traditionally. Most of the female characters in the novel show boldness, strength and ability to face and tackle different situations filled with danger and hopelessness. A young woman named Stephen Gordon pursues her passions and embarks on her own subjective world. Her activities and choices are anomalous to the established mores concerning the role and position of women. This is what goes against the conventional paradigm of gender and supports the idea of subversive female masculinity.

Consistent Transcription and Translation of Speech

The conventional paradigm in speech translation starts with a speech recognition step to generate transcripts, followed by a translation step with the automatic transcripts as input. To address various shortcomings of this paradigm, recent work explores end-to-end trainable direct models that translate without transcribing. However, transcripts can be an indispensable output in practical applications, which often display transcripts alongside the translations to users. We make this common requirement explicit and explore the task of jointly transcribing and translating speech. Although high accuracy of transcript and translation are crucial, even highly accurate systems can suffer from inconsistencies between both outputs that degrade the user experience. We introduce a methodology to evaluate consistency and compare several modeling approaches, including the traditional cascaded approach and end-to-end models. We find that direct models are poorly suited to the joint transcription/translation task, but that end-to-end models that feature a coupled inference procedure are able to achieve strong consistency. We further introduce simple techniques for directly optimizing for consistency, and analyze the resulting trade-offs between consistency, transcription accuracy, and translation accuracy. 1

A Radical Study of Energy Efficient Hierarchical Cluster-Based Routing Protocols for WSN

For many decades, researchers and vendors are continually developing and designing sensors and wireless network devices for countless applications. These low power wireless sensor network devices have designed to gather and propagate data for applications such as environment, industry, habitat, patient monitoring, and many more to excel humankind— however, these devices also inherent many challenges and drawbacks due to the default hardware design. Subsequently, to mitigate limitations and enhance the capability, authors and researchers have investigated and conferred that minor optimization in modeling or routing techniques gradually elevates the performance of WSN. One of the primary concerns which remain on top of the Domain for discussion is energy conservation in WSN devices. Our primary goal is to analyze and design a cluster-based routing protocol for WSN, An efficient way to elevate the network performance. Finally, the emanate results showcase that the performance of the proposed protocol is much more optimized and favorable when combined with soft-computing tactics when compared to the conventional paradigm.

PEMBELAJARAN PAI KONTEKSTUAL DI SMP AR-RAHMAT BOJONEGORO

This research focuses on the implementation of contextual Islamic Education learning at SMP Al-Rahmat Bojonegoro. The results of this study indicate: 1) The paradigm shift of Islamic Education teachers from the conventional paradigm (students as objects), to the new paradigm of students as learning subjects. Teachers have an understanding that learners' knowledge always develops according to experience; 2) Contextual learning activities are carried out in a conducive learning atmosphere, the assessment is carried out as a whole; cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. 3) Students have a good response to this contextual learning. With the perception and understanding of the importance of contextual learning from teachers, plus a positive response from students, the implementation of contextual Islamic Education learning can increase students' motivation to learn and improve learning outcomes and provide students with social life skillsFokus Penelitian ini adalah pelaksanaan pembelajaran PAI kontekstual di SMP Al-Rahmat Bojonegoro. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan: 1) Perubahan paradigma Guru PAI dari paradigma konvensional (peserta didik sebagai objek), kepada paradigma baru peserta didik sebagai subyek belajar. Guru memiliki pemahaman bahwa pengetahuan peserta didik selalu berkembang sesuai dengan pengalaman; 2) Kegiatan pembelajaran kontekstual dilaksanakan dengan suasana pembelajaran yang kondusif, penilaian dilakukan secara menyeluruh; kognitif, afektif dan psikomotor. 3) Peserta didik memiliki respon yang baik terhadap pembelajaran kontekstual ini. Dengan adanya persepsi dan pemahaman pentingnya pembelajaran kontekstual dari para guru, ditambah respon positif dari peserta didik, implementasi pembelajaran PAI kontekstual dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar peserta didik dan meningkatkan hasil akhir belajar serta memberi bekal peserta didik dengan sosial life skill.

Plotting Imperfections in La Galatea

As with Boccaccio’s tale in the previous chapter, the story of Silerio and Timbrio from Cervantes’s pastoral novel, La Galatea, circulates around the notion of the test of friendship. In contrast to Boccaccio, however, Cervantes revels in upending the formal pretentions of the conventional paradigm for writing perfect friendship. Hinting at the enhanced subjective complexity of modern novelistic discourse, the narrative repeatedly disrupts the determinism of the traditional tale of two friends, the scripting of narrative outcomes in the interest of preserving the conceptual purity of the Aristotelian ideal. Thus, while the narrative superficially complies with the basic structural requirements of the tale of two friends tradition, there persists a powerful awareness of the contrived basis of that tradition that undermines the credibility of the narrative’s plotting.