Comparison of Herbicide Programs and Cultivation for Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) Control in Soybean (Glycine max)

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donnie K. Miller ◽  
James L. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cassia Obtusifolia ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Ac 263,222 ◽  
Cultivated Soybean ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Sicklepod control mid-season in cultivated soybean was higher when imazaquin plus AC 263,222 or AC 263,222 alone was applied POST following pendimethalin plus imazaquin PPI compared with only the PPI treatment. Pendimethalin plus imazaquin PPI followed by imazaquin plus AC 263,222 at 36 + 18 g ai/ha or followed by AC 263,222 at 18 g ai/ha with cultivation controlled sicklepod equal to pendimethalin PPI followed by imazaquin plus AC 263,222 at 71 + 18 g ai/ha or followed by a sequential application of AC 263,222 at 13 g ai/ha early POST followed by 9 g ai/ha late POST. Control with these treatments was no higher than for the standard of pendimethalin plus metribuzin PPI followed by chlorimuron POST at 9 g ai/ha, which controlled 86% sicklepod. Averaged across herbicide treatments, cultivation reduced percent sicklepod seed in harvested soybean samples 33% and increased soybean yield 19% compared with no cultivation. Soybean yield was highest for the chlorimuron standard and greater than that for the other treatments when averaged across cultivation treatments.

Soybean (Glycine Max) Tolerance and Sicklepod (Cassia Obtusifolia) Control with AC 263,222

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Griffin ◽  
Daniel B. Reynolds ◽  
P. Roy Vidrine ◽  
Stacey A. Bruff
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Cassia Obtusifolia ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Ac 263,222

In field studies conducted under weed-free conditions, soybean yield was not adversely affected with POST applications of AC 263,222 at 18 g ha−1. At 36 g ha−1, soybean height at maturity was reduced in three of five studies and soybean yield in two of five studies. Application of 9 g ha−1of AC 263,222 to sicklepod at cotyledon to four-leaf (early POST) or at a maximum size of five-leaf (late POST) provided 30 to 48% control. Control was 54 to 73% with AC 263,222 at 9 g ha−1applied early POST followed by late POST. Regardless of application rate or timing, sicklepod control with AC 263,222 generally was inferior to the standard treatments of pendimethalin plus imazaquin PPI followed by imazaquin late POST or pendimethalin PPI and metribuzin PRE followed by chlorimuron late POST. Compared with the weed-free check, soybean yield was reduced when AC 263,222 was applied at 9 g ha−1early POST followed by late POST in one of two studies and in two of three studies when applied at 18 g ha−1early POST.

Effect of Imazaquin and Chlorimuron Plus Metribuzin on Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) Interference in Soybean (Glycine max)

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Shaw ◽  
Marshall B. Wixson ◽  
Clyde A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Cassia Obtusifolia ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Herbicide Use

Three experiments evaluated sicklepod interference with soybean with and without preplant incorporated applications of chlorimuron plus metribuzin or imazaquin. Sicklepod density, weed-free period, and weedy period were examined. In the absence of herbicides, soybean seed yield was reduced with 2 sicklepod plants row m-1, whereas 8 plants row m-1were necessary to reduce yield when herbicides were used. Herbicide use also increased soybean yield at higher sicklepod densities. Chlorimuron plus metribuzin reduced sicklepod dry matter at 8 plants row m-1. To maintain soybean yield, a weed-free period of 4 wk after emergence was required, regardless of treatment. Both herbicide treatments resulted in increased soybean yield at the zero and two wk weed-free periods; however, they did not affect soybean yield when the weed-free period was 4 wk or more. Imazaquin reduced sicklepod density when plots were left weedy full-season, and further reductions were noted with chlorimuron plus metribuzin. A sicklepod weedy interval of 8 wk reduced soybean yield when untreated, but either herbicide treatment extended that interval to 16 wk.

Use of AC 263,222 for Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) Control in Soybean (Glycine max)

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall B. Wixson ◽  
David R. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Cassia Obtusifolia ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Height Reduction ◽  
Ac 263,222

Field experiments were established in 1989 and 1990 to determine the effects of application rate and timing on sicklepod control and soybean tolerance to POST applications of AC 263,222 and chlorimuron. When applied to 3-, 6-, or 10-leaf sicklepod, 35 g ai ha-1or more AC 263,222 controlled more than 85% of sicklepod early in the season, and season-long when applied to 3- or 6-leaf sicklepod. At all timings, 70 g ha-1or more AC 263,222 resulted in better control than a PRE application of 420 g ai ha-1metribuzin followed by 9 g ai ha-1chlorimuron applied POST. At 35 g ha-1or more AC 263,222, application timing did not affect sicklepod control. However, control was reduced with 18 g ha-1when applications were delayed from 3- or 6-leaf to 10-leaf sicklepod. At the 10-leaf sicklepod growth stage, a PRE application of imazaquin increased both sicklepod control and soybean yield with 35 g ha-1AC 263,222 as compared with AC 263,222 applied alone. Soybean injury and height reductions with AC 263,222 at 35 g ha-1and above were greater than with chlorimuron; however, increased soybean injury or height reduction was not reflected in pod numbers or yield.

Herbicide Programs for Red Rice (Oryza sativa) Control in Soybean (Glycine max)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn D. Askew ◽  
Joe E. Street ◽  
David R. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
High Activity ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Natural Infestation ◽  
Ac 263,222 ◽  
Herbicide Programs

A study was conducted in 1994 and 1995 at two Mississippi locations to evaluate preplant incorporated (PPI) and preemergence (PRE) applications of alachlor, clomazone, SAN 582, metolachlor, pendimethalin, and trifluralin, and postemergence (POST) applications of AC 263,222 and imazethapyr alone or followed by clethodim late postemergence (LPOST) for red rice control in soybean. Applications of 110 g ai/ha clethodim increased red rice control when following any earlier herbicide application at one location that harbored a high natural infestation. In 1 yr at one location, red rice seedhead suppression from PPI and PRE herbicide applications alone was greater than 95% due to high activity from herbicides and drought conditions during red rice seedhead development. Early postemergence (EPOST) applications of 30 g ae/ha AC 263,222 suppressed at least 95% of red rice seedheads, regardless of year, location, or clethodim LPOST application. At one location, any treatment where 110 g/ha clethodim followed an earlier herbicide application suppressed red rice seedheads at least 95%. Compared to the nontreated control, only AC 263,222 injured soybean (30%) and reduced soybean yield (200 kg/ha).

Effect of Herbicides on Soybean Thrips (Sericothrips variabilis) in Soybeans (Glycine max)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Huckaba ◽  
H. D. Coble
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Soybean Thrips

Field studies were conducted to determine the effect of several herbicides on soybean thrips numbers in soybean. Adult soybean thrips numbers in the preplant-incorporated and preemergent herbicide treatments were observed to be either greater than or equal to, but never less than, numbers in the control plots. Larval soybean thrips numbers were not observed to be affected by the preplant-incorporated or preemergent treatments. The postemergence herbicide treatment of naptalam plus dinoseb consistently reduced both adult and larval soybean thrips numbers. The other postemergent treatments did not affect numbers consistently.

Comparison of Graminicides Applied at Equivalent Costs in Soybean (Glycine max)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 804-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Jordan ◽  
James L. Griffin ◽  
P. Roy Vidrine ◽  
David R. Shaw ◽  
Daniel B. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Cost Differences

Eleven field experiments were conducted during 1994 and 1995 to compare rhizomatous johnsongrass control and soybean yield with single POST applications of quizalofop-P, fluazifop-P, clethodim, and sethoxydim at costs of $9.88, 19.76, 29.64, and 39.52/ha for each graminicide. Cost of the manufacturer's suggested use rate for these graminicides was approximately $29.64/ha, which corresponded to 0.09, 0.22, 0.14, and 0.27 kg ai/ha for these respective graminicides. When applied at a cost of $9.88/ha, quizalofop-P controlled rhizomatous johnsongrass more effectively than the other graminicides in five of 11 experiments. Quizalofop-P and fluazifop-P controlled johnsongrass similarly when applied at higher costs per hectare in 10 of 11 experiments. Sethoxydim was less effective than quizalofop-P or fluazifop-P in most instances, especially when graminicides were applied at costs of $9.88 or $19.76/ha. Clethodim was generally more effective than sethoxydim. Fluazifop-P and clethodim controlled rhizomatous johnsongrass similarly in six of 11 experiments regardless of cost. Differences in rhizomatous johnsongrass control among graminicides did not always translate into differences in soybean yield, although graminicides increased yield over the nontreated control in most experiments regardless of the graminicide cost. In several experiments, soybean treated with clethodim or sethoxydim applied at a cost of $9.88/ha yielded lower than when applied at higher costs.

Response of Soybean (Glycine max) and Rice (Oryza sativa) in Rotation to AC 263,222

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles F. Grymes ◽  
James M. Chandler ◽  
Paul R. Nester
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Ac 263,222

Field studies were conducted in 1991 and 1992 to evaluate the response of soybean and the subsequent rice crop to AC 263,222 applied alone and in tank mixtures with imazethapyr or imazaquin. In 1991, 18, 36, and 70 g ai/ha of AC 263,222 visibly stunted soybean 9, 19, and 35%, respectively. Adding imazethapyr at 36 g/ha or imazaquin at 70 g/ha to AC 263,222 in a tank mixture did not increase soybean response compared to AC 263,222 alone. Soybean yield was not reduced by any treatment. In 1992, 14 g/ha of AC 263,222 alone or in tank mixtures damaged soybean 38% or greater. In one study, rice was injured the year following application of AC 263,222 alone and in tank mixtures. Rice yield was reduced by 70 g/ha of AC 263,222 alone and by 36 g/ha of AC 263,222 when tank mixed with 36 g/ha of imazethapyr.

Broadleaf Weed Control with Trifluralin Plus Flumetsulam in Soybean (Glycine max)

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Reynolds ◽  
David L. Jordan ◽  
P. Roy Vidrine ◽  
James L. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Hemp Sesbania ◽  
Herbicide Programs

In 12 trials in Louisiana, sicklepod, entireleaf morningglory, pitted morningglory, and hemp sesbania control 4 wk after planting was greater with trifluralin applied PPI followed by chlorimuron plus metribuzin applied PRE than with trifluralin plus flumetsulam applied PPI. Sicklepod control with these herbicides was similar 6 wk after application. No differences in soybean yield were noted. Chlorimuron applied POST following trifluralin applied PPI and metribuzin applied PRE or trifluralin plus flumetsulam applied PPI improved weed control and soybean yield compared with soil-applied herbicides alone. Excellent barnyardgrass control was obtained with all herbicide programs.

Nodulation and Nodulin Gene Expression in an Interspecific Hybrid Between Glycine max and Glycine tomentella

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 693 ◽  
Author(s):  
BH Shen ◽  
LC Davis
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Xanthine Dehydrogenase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rhizobial Strain ◽  
Glycine Species ◽  
Glycine Tomentella ◽  
Cultivated Soybean ◽  
Nodulation Specificity

When the genome of a wild species, Glycine tomentella, is combined with that of the cultivated soybean, Glycine max in a hybrid, nodulation specificity is altered. Two strains of Rhizobium fredii that nodulate the G. rnax parent fail to nodulate the hybrid, indicating the presence of a restriction gene, while three Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains that nodulate G. max are highly effective on the hybrid. Some strains of (Brady)rhizobium, originally isolated from wild Australian Glycine species, nodulate only one of the two parental species. One strain ineffective on G. max is effective on the hybrid. Two other strains, while effective on one parent, appear more effective on the hybrid. In three fully examined cases in which effective nodules are produced on the hybrid, the late nodulins leg-hemoglobin, glutamine synthetase, and xanthine dehydrogenase are expressed from both genomes. Thus, although a rhizobial strain may nodulate only one or the other of the parental types, if it successfully nodulates the hybrid, the nodulation process provides signals or internal conditions that lead to expression of late nodulins from both genomes.

Tolerance of Soybean Cultivars to Weed Competition and Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. C. Burnside
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Residual Properties ◽  
Cultivar Selection ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Percentage Yield

The competitiveness of 10 soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] cultivars to weeds, their tolerance to twice normal rates of commonly used soybean herbicides, and the soil residual properties of these herbicides were studied during 4 years at Lincoln, Nebraska. Three soybean cultivars showing the least percentage yield loss from weeds were ‘Harosoy 63′, ‘Amsoy’, and ‘Corsoy’; whereas cultivars showing the greatest yield loss were ‘Hawkeye 63′, ‘Shelby’, and ‘Lindarin 63′. The two herbicide treatments causing the greatest average soybean yield loss were 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea (linuron) at 4.5 kg/ha and α,α,α-trifluro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin) at 2.2 kg/ha. Cultivar selection was important in reducing soybean yield loss from herbicides as linuron at 4.5 kg/ha reduced yields 5% for ‘Harosoy 63’ to as much as 31% for ‘Ford’. ‘Neal’ oat(Avena salivaL.) yields showed 4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylaniline (nitralin) to be the most persistent herbicide in soil in this study followed by trifluralin. Plowing the soil eliminated the phytotoxicity of nitralin and trifluralin to subsequently planted oats.

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