Effect of Imazaquin and Chlorimuron Plus Metribuzin on Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) Interference in Soybean (Glycine max)

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Shaw ◽  
Marshall B. Wixson ◽  
Clyde A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Cassia Obtusifolia ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Herbicide Use

Three experiments evaluated sicklepod interference with soybean with and without preplant incorporated applications of chlorimuron plus metribuzin or imazaquin. Sicklepod density, weed-free period, and weedy period were examined. In the absence of herbicides, soybean seed yield was reduced with 2 sicklepod plants row m-1, whereas 8 plants row m-1were necessary to reduce yield when herbicides were used. Herbicide use also increased soybean yield at higher sicklepod densities. Chlorimuron plus metribuzin reduced sicklepod dry matter at 8 plants row m-1. To maintain soybean yield, a weed-free period of 4 wk after emergence was required, regardless of treatment. Both herbicide treatments resulted in increased soybean yield at the zero and two wk weed-free periods; however, they did not affect soybean yield when the weed-free period was 4 wk or more. Imazaquin reduced sicklepod density when plots were left weedy full-season, and further reductions were noted with chlorimuron plus metribuzin. A sicklepod weedy interval of 8 wk reduced soybean yield when untreated, but either herbicide treatment extended that interval to 16 wk.

Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Competition in Soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duane P. Rathmann ◽  
Stephen D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Soybean Yield

The effects of various densities and durations of wild oat (Avena fatuaL.) competition in soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Evans’] were determined in the field during a 2-yr period. Season-long competition by densities of 1, 3,9, and 30 wild oat plants/m of row reduced soybean seed yield an average of 6, 17, 32, and 51%, respectively. An infestation of 30 wild oat plants/m of row did not reduce soybean yield if the period of competition was limited to 4 weeks after crop emergence; however, yields were reduced 29, 50, 63, 58, and 63% when wild oat competed for 5, 6, 7, and 8 weeks, or season long, respectively. Wild oat competition reduced soybean pods per plant and seeds per plant more than seeds per pod or seed weight.

Interference Between Soybeans (Glycine max) and Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) Under Indiana Field Conditions

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 753-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Henry ◽  
Thomas T. Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Over Time

The effects of interference between soybeans and common cocklebur were investigated. Common cocklebur interference reduced soybean growth at each of four sample dates during the growing season. The area of interference surrounding individual common cocklebur plants within the soybean row fluctuated over time with respect to intensity and spatial distribution. Soybean growth was significantly reduced up to 10 cm away from individual cocklebur plants at 6 weeks after planting (WAP), 30 cm at 8 WAP, 20 to 30 cm at 10 WAP, and 40 cm at 12 WAP. The maximum possible distance of cocklebur influence, determined by regression analysis, also varied during the growing season. When areas of interference from adjacent cocklebur plants overlapped, the cumulative influence was found to be additive, especially late in the growing season. Soybean interference caused a 50 to 90% reduction in the size of common cocklebur plants grown within the soybean row compared to plants grown without interference. At harvest, soybean yield was reduced up to 40 to 50 cm within the row from individual cocklebur plants. The maximum distance of interference on one side of individual cocklebur plants was 75 cm. One cocklebur plant reduced soybean yield 16.0% within 1.5 m of soybean row as the result of full-season interference. Interference of common cocklebur plants spaced 60 cm apart within the row overlapped and caused an additive reduction in soybean seed yield. Across all cocklebur treatments, there was a consistent ratio of approximately 1 kg/ha loss in soybean seed yield for each 4 kg/ha of cocklebur herbage produced.

Comparison of Soybean (Glycine max) – Weed Interference from Large and Small Plots

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 836-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Patterson ◽  
Robert H. Walker ◽  
Daniel L. Colvin ◽  
Glenn Wehtje ◽  
John A. McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Soybean Field ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Weed Interference

Soybean field experiments were conducted to compare weed interference data obtained from small 2.7-m2plots to that obtained from large 11-m2plots. Soybean row spacings of 15, 30, 45, and 90 cm were used. Sicklepod, common cocklebur, and soybean biomass as dry matter were harvested from small plots 10 weeks after planting and were compared to weed biomass and soybean seed yield from the large plots. Sicklepod and common cocklebur biomass in small plots increased and soybean biomass decreased as soybean row spacing increased. Soybean biomass was not affected by row spacing when weeds were not present. Sicklepod and common cocklebur biomass in large plots increased and soybean seed yield decreased as soybean row spacing increased. Soybean seed yield was not affected by row spacing when weeds were not present. Comparison of regression coefficients for paired regression lines indicates that soybean biomass from small plots may be substituted for seed yield from large plots as a measure of sicklepod or common cocklebur interference if both size plots use the same soybean row spacing and are irrigated until harvest.

Influence of Residual Herbicides on Rate of Paraquat and Glyphosate in Stale Seedbed Soybean (Glycine max)

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 960-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Lanie ◽  
James L. Griffin ◽  
Daniel B. Reynolds ◽  
P. Roy Vidrine
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Hemp Sesbania ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Residual Herbicide ◽  
Control Tank

Field studies were conducted to evaluate weed control with paraquat and glyphosate applied at various rates alone and in combination with residual herbicides. Morningglory, prickly sida, and hemp sesbania control 28 d after treatment was similar regardless of herbicide treatment. In contrast, barnyardgrass control when paraquat was tank mixed with pendimethalin plus imazaquin was equal to that of paraquat alone but less than that for tank mixtures with metolachlor plus metribuzin plus chlorimuron or metolachlor plus metribuzin. Barnyardgrass control and soybean yield when paraquat was applied at 1050 g ai/ha in combination with metolachlor plus metribuzin plus chlorimuron or metolachlor plus metribuzin was greater than when the same residual herbicide treatments were applied with paraquat at 350 g/ha. Yield following glyphosate at 840 and 1120 g ai/ha in combination with residual herbicides was no greater than when glyphosate was applied alone, which was reflective of barnyardgrass control. Tank mixtures of glyphosate at 1680 g/ha with metolachlor plus metribuzin plus chlorimuron or metolachlor plus metribuzin resulted in soybean yield higher than for glyphosate alone. Regardless of the glyphosate and residual herbicide combination, soybean yield was no greater than when paraquat was applied at 350 g/ha in combination with metolachlor plus metribuzin plus chlorimuron.

Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) Interference in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry A. Baysinger ◽  
Barry D. Sims
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Critical Duration ◽  
Ambrosia Trifida ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Giant Ragweed

Field experiments were established near Portageville, MO, to determine the effects of giant ragweed interference in soybeans. Threshold densities of giant ragweed that reduced soybean yield were less than two plants 9 m−1of soybean row. This density reduced soybean seed yield 46 and 50% in 1988 and 1989, respectively, after full-season interference. The critical duration of giant ragweed interference in soybeans was between 4 and 6 weeks after emergence (WAE) in 1988 and between 2 and 4 WAE in 1989. Full-season giant ragweed interference at densities of 220 000 and 360 000 plants ha−1in 1988 and 1989, respectively, resulted in almost complete soybean yield loss. Eight to 10 weeks after emergence of giant ragweed-free conditions were required to prevent soybean yield reductions.

Interference of Certain Broadleaf Weed Species in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 654-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet L. Shurtleff ◽  
Harold D. Coble
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Redroot Pigweed

Field experiments were conducted in 1979, 1980, and 1981 to determine the level of interference five broadleaf weed species exert on soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]. Weed species studied were common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr. ♯ XANST), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemesiifoliaL. ♯ AMBEL), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL. ♯ CHEAL), sicklepod (Cassia obtusifoliaL. ♯ CASOB), and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL. ♯ AMARE). The following soybean seed yield reductions were observed with a density of 16 weeds/10-m row: redroot pigweed 22%, common lambsquarters 15%, common ragweed 12%, and sicklepod 5%, respectively. At a density of 8 weeds/10-m row, common cocklebur reduced soybean yield 11%. No single weed growth parameter predicted soybean seed yield reduction for all weed species. Soybean height was reduced by sicklepod competition; was not affected by competition from common lambsquarters, common ragweed, or common cocklebur; and was increased in the presence of redroot pigweed at 12 weeks after planting, when measured 30 cm from the weeds. Leaf area of soybean was higher at greater distances from the weed for all weed species. The range of soybean leaf area reductions occasioned by proximity to individual weed species corresponded fairly well with differences in soybean yield reduction.

Comparison of Herbicide Programs and Cultivation for Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) Control in Soybean (Glycine max)

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donnie K. Miller ◽  
James L. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cassia Obtusifolia ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Ac 263,222 ◽  
Cultivated Soybean ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Sicklepod control mid-season in cultivated soybean was higher when imazaquin plus AC 263,222 or AC 263,222 alone was applied POST following pendimethalin plus imazaquin PPI compared with only the PPI treatment. Pendimethalin plus imazaquin PPI followed by imazaquin plus AC 263,222 at 36 + 18 g ai/ha or followed by AC 263,222 at 18 g ai/ha with cultivation controlled sicklepod equal to pendimethalin PPI followed by imazaquin plus AC 263,222 at 71 + 18 g ai/ha or followed by a sequential application of AC 263,222 at 13 g ai/ha early POST followed by 9 g ai/ha late POST. Control with these treatments was no higher than for the standard of pendimethalin plus metribuzin PPI followed by chlorimuron POST at 9 g ai/ha, which controlled 86% sicklepod. Averaged across herbicide treatments, cultivation reduced percent sicklepod seed in harvested soybean samples 33% and increased soybean yield 19% compared with no cultivation. Soybean yield was highest for the chlorimuron standard and greater than that for the other treatments when averaged across cultivation treatments.

scholarly journals Soybean yield, biological N2 fixation and seed composition responses to additional inoculation in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter D. Carciochi ◽  
Luiz H. Moro Rosso ◽  
Mario A. Secchi ◽  
Adalgisa R. Torres ◽  
Seth Naeve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
The United States ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Seed Composition ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Soil Inoculation ◽  
Seed Inoculation

AbstractIt is unclear if additional inoculation with Bradyrhizobia at varying soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] growth stages can impact biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), increase yield and improve seed composition [protein, oil, and amino acid (AA) concentrations]. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of different soybean inoculation strategies (seed coating and additional soil inoculation at V4 or R1) on: (i) seed yield, (ii) seed composition, and (iii) BNF traits [nodule number and relative abundance of ureides (RAU)]. Soybean field trials were conducted in 11 environments (four states of the US) to evaluate four treatments: (i) control without inoculation, (ii) seed inoculation, (iii) seed inoculation + soil inoculation at V4, and (iv) seed inoculation + soil inoculation at R1. Results demonstrated no effect of seed or additional soil inoculation at V4 or R1 on either soybean seed yield or composition. Also, inoculation strategies produced similar values to the non-inoculated control in terms of nodule number and RAU, a reflection of BNF. Therefore, we conclude that in soils with previous history of soybean and under non-severe stress conditions (e.g. high early-season temperature and/or saturated soils), there is no benefit to implementing additional inoculation on soybean yield and seed composition.

Use of Infrared Thermometry in Determining Critical Stress Periods Induced by Quackgrass (Agropyron repens) in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 784-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Sikkema ◽  
Jack Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Infrared Thermometry ◽  
Agropyron Repens

Field experiments were conducted during 1981 and 1982 in Ontario, Canada, on the effects of quackgrass [Agropyron repens(L.) Beauv. # AGRRE] interference in soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] and the usefulness of infrared thermometry in predicting critical periods of weed interference. Soybean seed yield, dry weight, number of leaves, height, and number of pods were substantially reduced due to quackgrass interference. High levels of P and K fertility did not overcome the quackgrass interference. Part of the competitive effects of quackgrass was alleviated by irrigation. Infrared thermometry successfully detected the first occurrence of quackgrass-induced stress during the early soybean flowering stage, when the quackgrass was in the four-leaf gtowth stage. This coincided with the onset of the first significant soybean yield loss. No additional soybean yield loss occurred after quackgrass reached the five-leaf growth stage. There was an inverse relation between accumulated stress degree days and soybean yield reductions due to quackgrass interference. The use of the stress degree day concept may be a valuable tool in predicting soybean yield losses due to quackgrass interference.

Effects of Insecticide, Weed-Free Period, and Row Spacing on Soybean (Glycine max) and Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) Growth

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 702-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Walker ◽  
Michael G. Patterson ◽  
Ellis Hauser ◽  
David J. Isenhour ◽  
James W. Todd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Cassia Obtusifolia ◽  
Insecticide Treatment ◽  
Weed Interference

Results from identical experiments conducted at Headland, AL, and Plains, GA, from 1980 through 1982 show insecticide treatment had little effect on soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Coker 237′] growth and morphology. Maximum insecticide applications increased soybean seed weight in two of five trials. Soybeans maintained free of sicklepod (Cassia obtusifoliaL. ♯3CASOB) for 4 weeks after emergence produced yields equal to those receiving season-long control in all trials, and 2-week control was equal to season-long maintenance in three trials. Length of weed interference-free maintenance did not affect soybean height. The number of pods per plant and seed weight were decreased when there was no control. Sicklepod shoot fresh weight and numbers decreased as the weed-free period increased from 0 weeks through the season. Row spacing had no effect on soybean height or seed size; however, the number of pods per plant was higher in 80- than in 40-cm rows. Row spacing influenced yield in only one trial where 20-cm rows outyielded 40-cm rows. A significant interaction occurred between the weed-free period and row spacing in two trials. Soybeans in 20-cm rows outyielded those in 40- and 80-cm rows when sicklepod was not controlled (i.e., 0 weeks interference-free maintenance).

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