Analyzing the modes of reasoning in design using the SAPPhIRE model of causality and the Extended Integrated Model of Designing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Apoorv Naresh Bhatt ◽  
Anubhab Majumder ◽  
Amaresh Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Abductive Reasoning ◽  
Empirical Validation ◽  
Design Synthesis

Abstract Literature suggests that people typically understand knowledge by induction and produce knowledge by synthesis. This paper revisits the various modes of reasoning – explanatory abduction, innovative abduction, deduction, and induction – that have been proposed by earlier researchers as crucial modes of reasoning underlying the design process. First, our paper expands earlier work on abductive reasoning – an essential mode of reasoning involved in the process of synthesis – by understanding its role with the help of the “SAPPhIRE” model of causality. The explanations of abductive reasoning in design using the SAPPhIRE model have been compared with those using existing models. Second, the paper captures and analyzes various modes of reasoning during design synthesis with the help of the “Extended Integrated Model of Designing”. The analysis of participants' verbal speech and outcomes shows the model's ability to explain the various modes of reasoning that occur in design. The results indicate the above models to provide a more extensive account of reasoning in design synthesis. Earlier empirical validation of both the models lends further support to the claim of their explanatory capacity.

scholarly journals Explicating concepts in reasoning from function to form by two-step innovative abductions

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehud Kroll ◽  
Lauri Koskela
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Abductive Reasoning ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Functional Aspect ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Design Processes ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Design Reasoning

AbstractThe mechanism of design reasoning from function to form is suggested to consist of a two-step inference of the innovative abduction type. First is an inference from a desired functional aspect to an idea, concept, or solution principle to satisfy the function. This is followed by a second innovative abduction, from the latest concept to form, structure, or mechanism. The intermediate entity in the logical reasoning, the concept, is thus made explicit, which is significant in following and understanding a specific design process, for educating designers, and to build a logic-based computational model of design. The idea of a two-step abductive reasoning process is developed from the critical examination of several propositions made by others. We use the notion of innovative abduction in design, as opposed to such abduction where the question is about selecting among known alternatives, and we adopt a previously proposed two-step process of abductive reasoning. However, our model is different in that the two abductions used follow the syllogistic pattern of innovative abduction. In addition to using a schematic example from the literature to demonstrate our derivation, we apply the model to an existing, empirically derived method of conceptual design called “parameter analysis” and use two examples of real design processes. The two synthetic steps of the method are shown to follow the proposed double innovative abduction scheme, and the design processes are presented as sequences of double abductions from function to concept and from concept to form, with a subsequent deductive evaluation step.

Design Synthesis of a Wave Energy Converter

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Beatty ◽  
Clayton Hiles ◽  
Ryan S. Nicoll ◽  
James E. Adamson ◽  
Bradley J. Buckham
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Wave Energy Converter ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
Energy Converter ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Linear Dynamics ◽  
Near Shore

A demonstration ocean wave energy project is planned for Hesquiaht Sound, British Columbia, Canada in 2010. This project is led by SyncWave Systems and involves the University of Victoria, Dynamic Systems Analysis Ltd. and Marinus Power. The design process for this demonstration wave energy converter (WEC) including site selection, linear dynamics, control system scheduling and non-linear dynamics modelling is presented. The WEC is a heaving point absorber that extracts energy through the relative motion between two axisymmetric bodies and utilizes an internally housed mechanical system with adjustable inertia characteristics for frequency response tuning. Site selection for the device was completed by using an established wave propagation model to translate off-shore sea conditions calculated from WAVEWATCHIII (WW3) into near-shore conditions. By analysis of the predicted near-shore conditions a suitable location with a frequently energetic sea state was chosen. The design process of the WEC consists of a linearized dynamics model to optimize the controller and a nonlinear dynamics model to analyze the mooring and hull components. The resulting unit effectively captures energy from the prevailing sea-states while ensuring adequate survival capability.

Design synthesis of non-symmetrically loaded high-performance disc brakes Part 1

2001 ◽  
Vol 215 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Tirovic ◽  
G Ali
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Finite Element Analyses ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Critical Design ◽  
Disc Brakes ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Manufacturing Methods

Wheel-mounted disc brakes are exposed to severe non-symmetrical mechanical and thermal loads. The paper describes the design process for two high-performance, hub-mounted discs of different size and duty. The development has resulted in two very successful but fundamentally different hub designs and manufacturing methods. Initially, finite element analyses used in the design optimization were mainly concentrated on bulk thermal effects. Recently, in order further to improve the design process, analyses have included macro thermal effects, providing valuable results, particularly related to the prediction of disc permanent coning, one of the most critical design requirements.

Issues in Integration of Design and Manufacturing for Mechatronics

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Dong ◽  
William H. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
System Level ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Design For Manufacture ◽  
Early Design ◽  
Overall Design ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Integrated Design Process

Design for manufacture (DfM) has made significant strides by recommending incremental changes to design details. As DfM is pushed further upstream in the design process, it becomes an integral part of design. In the earliest stages of design, designers must consider the manufacturing implications of all of their decisions and trade them against other aspects of design performance. We present a decision-based framework for system-level DfM that focuses on the entire design process. To examine this methodology, we present issues arising from the development of an integrated design process for mechatronic products that includes both DfM evaluations and heuristic DfM design practices as ways to shape the early design process. Integrating DfM into design search must happen at the system level, doing so requires improving the overall design synthesis process.

Independence Measure (IM) Using Independence Priority Number (IPN) in Axiomatic Design Framework

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Hee Do
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Axiomatic Design ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Independence Axiom ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Alternative Solutions

Axiomatic Design is becoming a preferred system design process tool for insuring the quality and efficiency of design processes for products and services. One aspect of Axiomatic Design is modeling and analyzing the functional independence of proposed solutions. Axiomatic Design provides for comparing and ranking solutions by three categories of functional coupling: Uncoupled, Decoupled and Coupled (1). However, given two potential solutions within the same functional coupling category, Axiomatic Design technology cannot further rank these solutions without additional information. This paper proposes that the degree of functional coupling can be assessed to provide further discrimination between solutions within the same coupling category. Using complexity concepts, this paper proposes two additional metrics, the Independence Priority Number (IPN) and the Independence Measure (IM) to further rank the potential robustness of alternative solutions using the Independence Axiom of the Axiomatic Design process. With IPN and IM metrics, design professionals can better assess the functional robustness of their proposal at the earliest phase of design, conceptual design synthesis.

scholarly journals Evaluating the feasibility and acceptability of a co-design approach to developing an integrated model of care for people with multi-morbid COPD in rural Nepal: a qualitative study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e045175
Author(s):  
Uday Narayan Yadav ◽  
Jane Lloyd ◽  
Kedar Prasad Baral ◽  
Narendra Bhatta ◽  
Suresh Mehata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Secondary Outcome Measure ◽  
Model Of Care ◽  
Rural Nepal

ObjectiveTo understand the feasibility and acceptability of a co-design approach to developing an integrated model of healthcare for people with multi-morbid chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in rural Nepal.SettingsA rural setting of Nepal.ParticipantsData collection included five video recordings, five key informant interviews and observation notes from a final co-design workshop that involved a total of 68 stakeholders: persons with COPD and their family members; healthcare providers, including respiratory physicians; local community leaders; representatives from local, provincial and federal government; academics; and representatives from non-government organisations.Primary and secondary outcome measure(s)Feasibility and acceptability of using a co-design approach to develop an integrated model of care for people with multi-morbid COPD in rural Nepal.ResultsOur qualitative evaluation of the Hasso Plattner’s co-design process found that all stakeholders (including people with COPD/community members, primary care practitioners and local government/senior health officials) were actively engaged in and significantly contributed to the process of co-design. Four main themes were identified which determined the feasibility and acceptability of the resulting integrated model of care: engagement of stakeholders, factors contributing to the co-design, consequences of the co-design process, and challenges and opportunities learnt by the researchers and participants in the co-design process. Based on the relationship between the four main themes emerging from this research, we developed an evaluation framework to guide the co-design of a health service innovation.ConclusionOur study demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of the Hasso Plattner’s co-design process. Our findings suggest that this co-design approach can be useful and acceptable to local communities and government agencies. It enabled the meaningful contribution of a diverse group of stakeholders in the design and delivery of health services in low-income and middle-income countries.

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