Salmon as a food-poisoning vehicle-two successive salmonella outbreaks

SUMMARYGastroenteritis due to Salmonella montevideo occurred amongst guests attending two social functions held within 24 h, food for both having been provided by the same catering firm. Salmon was the most likely vehicle of infection in each case, although cross-contamination of other foods occurred. There were no deaths; four patients were admitted to hospital, one of whom underwent appendicectomy.A review of salmon-associated food-poisoning outbreaks suggests that fresh salmon is an infrequent cause of food poisoning in the United Kingdom. The two outbreaks described here resulted from a failure of simple kitchen hygiene measures at a time of high ambient temperatures. Some current cooking instructions for salmon are inadequate.

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Staphylococcal food poisoning in the United Kingdom, 1969–90

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268800050949 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 110 (3) ◽

pp. 519-531 ◽

Cited By ~ 161

Author(s):

A. A. Wieneke ◽

D. Roberts ◽

R. J. Gilbert

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

United Kingdom ◽

Food Poisoning ◽

Food Hygiene ◽

Milk Products ◽

Group Iii ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Sporadic Cases ◽

Fish And Shellfish

SUMMARYBetween 1969 and 1990 strains ofStaphylococcus aureusfrom 359 outbreaks and sporadic cases of staphylococcal food poisoning in the United Kingdom were examined in the PHLS Food Hygiene Laboratory for the production of enterotoxin. In a number of instances the incriminated foods were also examined for the presence of enterotoxin. Strains from 79% of incidents produced enterotoxin A alone or together with another enterotoxin. The level ofS. aureuspresent in the foods ranged from no viableS. aureusdetected to 1.5 × 1010c.f.u./g with a median of 3.0 × 107c.f.u./g. Enterotoxin was detected in foods in the absence of viableS. aureusin only two outbreaks and in both cheese was the implicated food. Meat. poultry or their products were the vehicle in 75% of incidents with ham and chicken most frequently implicated. Other foods included fish and shellfish (7%) and milk and milk products (8%). Most contamination took place in the home followed by restaurants and shops. Seventy-one percent of the incident strains were lysed by phages of group III or I/III.

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Application of serological typing to the investigation of outbreaks ofClostridium perfringensfood poisoning, 1970–1978

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s002217240002698x ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 84 (3) ◽

pp. 443-456 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

M. F. Stringer ◽

P. C. B. Turnbull ◽

R. J. Gilbert

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Clostridium Perfringens ◽

Food Poisoning ◽

Cross Reaction ◽

Food Hygiene ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Serological Typing ◽

Epidemiological Tool ◽

History Of ◽

Type Strains

SUMMARYSerological typing was used as an epidemiological tool in the investigation of 524 outbreakes ofClostridium perfringensfood poisoning in the United Kingdom and 37 outbreaks in other countries.Five thousand five hundred and fifty-four (77%) of 7245 strains ofC. perfringensassociation 561 outbreaks were typable with the 75 Food Hygiene Laboratory antisera; in 354 (63%) of these outbreaks were typable with the 75 Food Hygiene Laboratory antisera; in 354 (63%) of these outbreaks a specific serotype was established as being responsible for the outbreak.An assessment is made of the ability of two additional sets of antisera, prepared against 34 American and 34 Japanese strains ofC. perfringens, to increase the number of strains which can be typed. The extent of cross-reaction between the three sets of antisera was determined and the results are discussed in relation to the source and history of the type strains.

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The molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in inner London

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268801006690 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 128 (2) ◽

pp. 175-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

A. C. HAYWARD ◽

S. GOSS ◽

F. DROBNIEWSKI ◽

N. SAUNDERS ◽

R. J. SHAW ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

United Kingdom ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Molecular Epidemiology ◽

Dna Fingerprint ◽

Inverse Pcr ◽

Cross Contamination ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Local Transmission

The study used DNA fingerprint typing (spoligotyping and Heminested-Inverse-PCR) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from all culture-confirmed inner London patients over a 12-month period to describe transmission. The methodology was evaluated by comparison with standard IS6110 typing and by examining its ability to identify known household clusters of cases. Isolates sharing indistinguishable typing patterns using both techniques were defined as clustered. Clusters were investigated to identify epidemiological links. The methodology showed good discriminatory power and identified known household clusters of cases. Of 694 culture-confirmed cases, 563 (81%) were typed. Eleven (2%) were due to laboratory cross-contamination and were excluded. Of the remaining 552 isolates 148 (27%) were clustered. Multivariate analysis indicated that clustering was more common in those with pulmonary smear positive disease (P<0·02); those born in the United Kingdom (P<0·0003) and in patients living in south London (P = 0·02). There was also a trend towards clustering being more common in those not known to have HIV infection (P = 0·051). The results suggest that in inner London, recent local transmission makes an important contribution to notification rates.

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How have after-school clubs adapted in the United Kingdom post-March lockdown?

Journal of Childhood, Education & Society ◽

10.37291/2717638x.202122100 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 106-116

Author(s):

Pete King

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

After School ◽

Number Of Children ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Play Behaviour ◽

Hygiene Measures ◽

Different Ages ◽

School Day ◽

Financial Concern ◽

Play Space

After-school clubs have provided an important childcare service for parents and carers where children are provided with an environment to play once the school day has finished. When the United Kingdom went into lockdown in March 2020, all children’s services closed that included the childcare provision of after-school clubs. When they re-opened in between July and September 2020, changes had to be implemented to meet Government restrictions. This study from 54 respondents working in the childcare sector identified changes within four themes: maintain service; bubbles; play space and play behaviour. This has resulted in an increase hygiene measures, staffing and amount of space for individual children, however, there is a decreased in the number of children attending, the resources and activities on offer and movement within the place space. Although after-school childcare is still being offered, there is financial concern on their viability and sustainability as parental demand may drop which has implications in providing a unique environment where children of different ages and abilities mix.

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