scholarly journals Plasmid profile typing can be used to subdivide phage-type 49 ofSalmonella typhimuriumin outbreak investigations

1990 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Threlfall ◽  
J. A. Frost ◽  
L. R. Ward ◽  
B. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
Outbreak Investigations

SUMMARYPlasmid profile typing has been used to subdivide phage-type 49 ofSalmonella typhimurium, the most common phage type in humans in England and Wales since 1985. Twenty profile patterns have been identified in 350 strains examined.Four profile patterns have been identified in 143 isolates from patients infected in 33 epidemiologically unrelated incidents and two patterns have predominated, ST49:62 and ST49:62,1. These patterns were also common amongstS. typhimuriumphage-type 49 isolated from cattle and poultry; however ST49:62 was more common in bovines whereas ST49:62,1 predominated in poultry.S. typhimuriumphage-type 49 with a different profile pattern, ST49:62, 3, was responsible for a large outbreak in London in 1988 which was traced to mayonnaise made from eggs supplied by one producer. Plasmid profile typing can now be regarded as a method of supplementing phage typing in investigating outbreaks caused by this organism.

An outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium DT191a associated with reptile feeder mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (8) ◽  
pp. 1254-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. HARKER ◽  
C. LANE ◽  
E. DE PINNA ◽  
G. K. ADAK
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
The Uk

SUMMARYIn December 2008 an increase of tetracycline-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium definitive phage-type 191a (DT191a) was identified in England and Wales by the reference laboratory. This was confirmed to have a phage-typing pattern that had not previously been seen. Strong statistical evidence for an association between illness and keeping reptiles was demonstrated by a matched case-case study (mOR 16·82, 95% CI 2·78–∞). Questionnaires revealed an association with frozen reptile feeder mice, and mice representing 80% of the UK supply lines were tested for the presence of Salmonella. DT191a was found in three pools of sampled mice, which were traced back to a single supplier in the USA. Imports from this supplier were halted, and tighter regulations are now in place. A leaflet detailing how to prevent contracting Salmonella from pet reptiles has been published as well as updated advice on the Health Protection Agency's website.

scholarly journals Phage type and DNA plasmid profile ofSalmonella typhimuriumisolates in the area of Isernia, Italy

1990 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fantasia ◽  
N. Ricci ◽  
A. Manuppella ◽  
A. Martini ◽  
E. Filetici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Plasmid Content ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Plasmid Analysis ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Dna Plasmid

SUMMARYThirty-eightSalmonella typhimuriumstrains isolated from December 1987 to March 1988 in Isernia, Central Italy, were characterized on the basis of their phage type, resistance to antimicrobials and plasmid profiles. According to their phage types, the isolates could be assigned to one of six groups, the prevalent one being PT 195 which accounted for 73·6% of isolates.On the basis of their plasmid content, the isolates could be assigned to one of ten groups. The prevalent plasmid profile (60·0; 6·0; 4·3; 4·0; 3·2 megadaltons) was found in 60·4% of isolates.All the isolates from a particular food (salsicce), and as most of isolates from humans who had consumed this food belonged to phage type 195 and were of the same plasmid profile.The combined use of phage typing and DNA plasmid analysis proved to be a useful tool in identifying epidemiologically related isolates in this investigation.

scholarly journals Large ongoing outbreak of infection with Salmonella Typhimurium U292 in Denmark, February-July 2008

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (28) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ethelberg ◽  
A Wingstrand ◽  
T Jensen ◽  
G Sørensen ◽  
L Muller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Gastrointestinal Illness ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
Mlva Typing

Denmark is currently experiencing an unusually large outbreak of gastrointestinal illness caused by Salmonella Typhimurium, phage type U292. The outbreak was discovered in early April by molecular typing (MLVA typing) of S. Typhimurium isolates at the Statens Serum Institut (SSI); the first patients reported onset on illness in February, but the number of reported cases has been particularly high in May and June (Figure 1). There are currently (as of 7 July) 366 confirmed cases, effectively making this the largest outbreak of salmonella infections in Denmark since 1993 [1].

scholarly journals Use of plasmid profile typing for surveillance ofSalmonella enteritidisphage type 4 from humans, poultry and eggs

1994 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Threlfall ◽  
M. D. Hampton ◽  
H. Chart ◽  
B. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Profile Type ◽  
Single Plasmid ◽  
Common Profile

SummaryPlasmids were found in 1022 of 1089 (94%) of drug–sensitive strains ofSalmonella enteritidisphage type 4 from humans (sporadic and outbreak cases), poultry (chickens) and eggs in England and Wales in the 5-year period 1988–92 and 25 plasmid profile patterns were identified. Strains characterized by a single plasmid of 38 MDa predominated ( = plasmid profile type SE 38), comprising over 90% of isolates from humans, 70% from poultry and 92% from eggs. Eleven profile types were identified in strains from humans, 21 in strains from poultry and 3 in strains from eggs. Eight of the 11 patterns identified in human isolates were found in strains from poultry and 2 in strains from eggs. In contrast 15 patterns seen in poultry were not found in strains from humans. Four percent of strains from humans and 13% from poultry did not carry the 38 MDa plasmid but all strains from eggs were found to carry this plasmid. The second most common profile type in strains isolated between 1981 and 1988 was not identified in strains isolated from 1988–92. It is concluded that plasmid profile typing is a useful method for rapid differentiation within phage type 4 ofS. enteritidisbut that methods which can discriminate within the predominant profile type, SE 38, are now required.

scholarly journals Lysotypes and plasmidial profile of Salmonella Serovar Typhimurium isolated from children with enteric processes in the cities of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, and Salvador, BA - Brazil

1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marise Dutra Asensi ◽  
Arudy Penna Costa ◽  
Eliane Moura Falavina dos Reis ◽  
Ernesto Hofer
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Combined Analysis ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium

The lysotypes, plasmidial profiles, and profiles of resistance to antimicrobial agents were determined in 111 Salmonella Typhimurium strains isolated from feces and blood of children treated in Rio de Janeiro and in Salvador. Six distinct lysotypes (19, 41, 97, 105, 120 and 193) were recognized, with a predominance of lysotype 193 (59.7%) in Rio de Janeiro and of phage type 105 (38.4) in Salvador. Approximately 86.7% of the lysotype 193 strains presented multiple resistance to more than six antimicrobial agents, whereas 93% of lysotype 105 strains were fully susceptible. More than 90% of the strains presented plasmids distributed into 36 different profiles in Rio de Janeiro and into 10 profiles in Salvador. A 40 MDa plasmid was the most frequent (47%) in the strains from Rio de Janeiro, whereas a 61 MDa plasmid predominated (14.5%) in Salvador. Combined analysis of plasmid profile and classification into lysotypes (especially those belonging to types 105 and 103, proved to be more discriminatory than the other methods applied).

scholarly journals The epidemiology of salmonella infection of calves: the role of dealers

1990 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Wray ◽  
N. Todd ◽  
I. McLaren ◽  
Y. Beedell ◽  
B. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Plasmid Profiles ◽  
Salmonella Serotypes ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection ◽  
Marketing Chain

SUMMARYSalmonellas were detected in the environment of 10 of the 12 calf dealers' premises studied. The cleaning and disinfection routines were often ineffective and salmonellas were isolated from 7·6 % and 5·3 % of the wall and floor samples before disinfection and 6·8% and 7·6% afterwards. Eight different salmonella serotypes were detected, of which the commonest wereSalmonella typhimurium, predominantly phage type DT204C, andS. dublin. Plasmid profiles were used to fingerprintS. typhimuriumDT204C and the results indicated that with the exception of one of the premises, prolonged salmonella-persistence in the environment was not occurring.Three separate epidemics of salmonellosis in calves were studied by use of plasmid profile analysis. The results illustrated the role of dealers, and their subcontractors, in the dissemination of salmonellas. The study concludes with suggestions for methods to reduce the spread of salmonellas in the calf marketing chain.

scholarly journals Phage type/biotype groups of Salmonella typhimurium in Scotland 1974–6: variation during spread of epidemic clones

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Barker D.C. Old ◽  
J. C. M. Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Combined Use

SUMMARYBiotyping by the scheme of Duguid et al. (1975) of 2010 cultures of Salmonella typhimurium received by the Scottish Salmonella Reference Laboratory in 1974–6, the definitive phage types of which were known, revealed 137 different phage type/biotype groups. Four major epidemic clones, comprising 52 % of the cultures, were recognized: 1/2a, 49/26a, 56/17g and 141/9f. The sources of each of these four groups of strains were primarily bovine (587 cultures) and human (361), suggesting a close association between infections in the two hosts.Epidermiological evidence showed that most of the outbreaks were caused by cultures of a single phage type/biotype, suggesting that both phage typing and biotyping characters were usually stable in the course of spread of epidemic strains.Thirty-two of the 63 phage types contained strains of more than one biotype. Cultures from 11 of the phage types were of two or more closely related biotypes and those from 21 others were of unrelated or distantly related biotypes. The combined use of phage typing and biotyping made it possible to detect occasional variations in the phage type or biotype in epidemic clones during their spread, e.g. phage type 49 to 204, 56 to 193, 141 to 193 and biotype 2a to lOa, 9f to 9bf, or 9cf, 26a to 26f.

scholarly journals Old and new techniques together resolve a problem of infection bySalmonella typhimurium

1987 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Platt ◽  
D. J. Brown ◽  
D. C. Old ◽  
R. M. Barker ◽  
D. S. Munro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Restriction Enzyme ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Recurrent Infections ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Single Strain

SUMMARYIsolates ofSalmonella typhimurium, recovered over a 9-month period from a child with gastroenteritis, were characterized by biotyping, phage-typing and plasmid-profile analysis. Because the data from the different methods were discrepant, it was difficult to establish whether her infection was due to a single strain that had changed characterin vivoor was due to recurrent infections with different, unrelated strains. Restriction-enzyme fingerprinting of the plasmids from the different isolates provided an explanation for the initial discrepancy and highlighted a source of potential confusion in epidemiological studies.

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