scholarly journals Phage type/biotype groups of Salmonella typhimurium in Scotland 1974–6: variation during spread of epidemic clones

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Barker D.C. Old ◽  
J. C. M. Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Combined Use

SUMMARYBiotyping by the scheme of Duguid et al. (1975) of 2010 cultures of Salmonella typhimurium received by the Scottish Salmonella Reference Laboratory in 1974–6, the definitive phage types of which were known, revealed 137 different phage type/biotype groups. Four major epidemic clones, comprising 52 % of the cultures, were recognized: 1/2a, 49/26a, 56/17g and 141/9f. The sources of each of these four groups of strains were primarily bovine (587 cultures) and human (361), suggesting a close association between infections in the two hosts.Epidermiological evidence showed that most of the outbreaks were caused by cultures of a single phage type/biotype, suggesting that both phage typing and biotyping characters were usually stable in the course of spread of epidemic strains.Thirty-two of the 63 phage types contained strains of more than one biotype. Cultures from 11 of the phage types were of two or more closely related biotypes and those from 21 others were of unrelated or distantly related biotypes. The combined use of phage typing and biotyping made it possible to detect occasional variations in the phage type or biotype in epidemic clones during their spread, e.g. phage type 49 to 204, 56 to 193, 141 to 193 and biotype 2a to lOa, 9f to 9bf, or 9cf, 26a to 26f.

scholarly journals Phage type and DNA plasmid profile ofSalmonella typhimuriumisolates in the area of Isernia, Italy

1990 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fantasia ◽  
N. Ricci ◽  
A. Manuppella ◽  
A. Martini ◽  
E. Filetici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Plasmid Content ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Plasmid Analysis ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Dna Plasmid

SUMMARYThirty-eightSalmonella typhimuriumstrains isolated from December 1987 to March 1988 in Isernia, Central Italy, were characterized on the basis of their phage type, resistance to antimicrobials and plasmid profiles. According to their phage types, the isolates could be assigned to one of six groups, the prevalent one being PT 195 which accounted for 73·6% of isolates.On the basis of their plasmid content, the isolates could be assigned to one of ten groups. The prevalent plasmid profile (60·0; 6·0; 4·3; 4·0; 3·2 megadaltons) was found in 60·4% of isolates.All the isolates from a particular food (salsicce), and as most of isolates from humans who had consumed this food belonged to phage type 195 and were of the same plasmid profile.The combined use of phage typing and DNA plasmid analysis proved to be a useful tool in identifying epidemiologically related isolates in this investigation.

An outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium DT191a associated with reptile feeder mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (8) ◽  
pp. 1254-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. HARKER ◽  
C. LANE ◽  
E. DE PINNA ◽  
G. K. ADAK
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
The Uk

SUMMARYIn December 2008 an increase of tetracycline-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium definitive phage-type 191a (DT191a) was identified in England and Wales by the reference laboratory. This was confirmed to have a phage-typing pattern that had not previously been seen. Strong statistical evidence for an association between illness and keeping reptiles was demonstrated by a matched case-case study (mOR 16·82, 95% CI 2·78–∞). Questionnaires revealed an association with frozen reptile feeder mice, and mice representing 80% of the UK supply lines were tested for the presence of Salmonella. DT191a was found in three pools of sampled mice, which were traced back to a single supplier in the USA. Imports from this supplier were halted, and tighter regulations are now in place. A leaflet detailing how to prevent contracting Salmonella from pet reptiles has been published as well as updated advice on the Health Protection Agency's website.

scholarly journals An outbreak of food poisoning caused by Salmonella typhi-murium, phage-type 12, probably spread by infected meat

1963 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. S. Harvey ◽  
T. H. Price ◽  
W. Bate ◽  
D. R. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Public Health Laboratory ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
The Public ◽  
Infected Meat

An outbreak of food poisoning caused by Salmonella typhi-murium, phage-type 12, in which 122 persons were infected, is described.Isolation of the same organism from the drains of two large abattoirs, from pig faeces at one abattoir, and from the floor drains of fifteen out of fifty-four butchers' shops and bakehouses examined, together with records showing that this organism had been recently isolated from pigs and cattle in the neighbourhood, suggested that meat was the vehicle of infection.We are indebted to Dr E. S. Anderson and the staff of the Central Enteric Reference Laboratory and Bureau, Colindale, for phage-typing the cultures of S. typhi-murium.We should like to thank Prof. Scott Thomson for his encouragement and advice in the preparation of this paper and Mr J. Morgan and Mr B. M. Jones of the Public Health Laboratory, Cardiff, for their technical assistance.

scholarly journals Transmissible drug resistance in an epidemic strain ofSalmonella typhimurium

1962 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Datta
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Broth Culture ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Epidemic Strain ◽  
No Elimination

Among 309 cultures ofSalmonella typhimurium, phage-type 27, fifteen, isolated from eight patients, were found to be resistant to the three drugs, streptomycin, tetracycline and sulphathiazole. This triple resistance could be transferred by growth in mixed broth culture to a strain ofSkigella sonneiand back again to sensitive cultures ofS. typhimurium. In whole cultures the resistance was stable, but spontaneous loss could be demonstrated in a small proportion of the organisms in such cultures. No elimination of resistance was demonstrated after treatment with acriflavine. Resemblances to the multiple drug resistance in enteric bacteria reported from Japan are noted.The author is most grateful to Dr E. S. Anderson, Director of the Enteric Reference Laboratory, Colindale, N.W. 9, for phage-typing the cultures ofSalmonella typhimurium, and to Dr K. Patricia Carpenter, Director of the Dysentery Reference Laboratory, for supplying cultures ofSh. sonneiwhich were essential for the experimental work.

scholarly journals Diversity of Phage Types among Archived Cultures of the Demerec Collection of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium Strains

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 664-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Rabsch ◽  
R. Allen Helm ◽  
Abraham Eisenstark
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Phage Receptor ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Restriction Modification

ABSTRACT The existence of several thousand Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2 and LT7 cultures originally collected by M. Demerec and sealed in agar stab vials for 33 to 46 years is a resource for evolutionary and mutational studies. Cultures from 74 of these vials, descendants of cells sealed and stored in nutrient agar stabs several decades ago, were phage typed by the Callow and Felix, Lilleengen, and Anderson systems. Among 53 LT2 archived strains, 16 had the same phage type as the nonarchival sequenced LT2 strain. The other 37 archived cultures differed in phage typing pattern from the sequenced strain. These 37 strains were divided into 10 different phage types. Among the 19 LT7 strains, only one was similar to the parent by phage typing, while 18 were different. These 18 strains fell into eight different phage types. The typing systems were developed to track epidemics from source to consumer, as well as geographic spread. The value of phage typing is dependent upon the stability of the phage type of any given strain throughout the course of the investigation. Thus, the variation over time observed in these archived cultures is particularly surprising. Possible mechanisms for such striking diversity may include loss of prophages, prophage mosaics as a result of recombination events, changes in phage receptor sites on the bacterial cell surface, or mutations in restriction-modification systems.

scholarly journals A biochemical subdivision of one phage type of Salmonella typhimurium

1971 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Lewis ◽  
B. A. D. Stocker
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Sugar Fermentation ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Solid Media

SUMMARYA total of 1537 strains of Salmonella typhimurium belonging to seven prevalent phage types were examined on solid media for their ability to ferment rhamnose, xylose and inositol, for colicine production and for nutritional requirements. Most of the strains in each phage type were almost completely homogeneous, especially in their sugar fermentation reactions. However, strains of phage type 1a/2 were not homogeneous, but could be assigned to one of four subgroups on the basis of ability to ferment inositol, inhibition of growth by meso-tartrate and auxotrophy for nicotinic acid. The subdivision proved to have epidemiological value. The inhibition of growth by meso-tartrate was observed on a denned medium containing citrate as the energy source. Inhibition did not occur if glucose, casein hydrolysate or aspartic acid were added to the medium.

Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in Poultry

2000 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. RAJASHEKARA ◽  
E. HAVERLY ◽  
D. A. HALVORSON ◽  
K. E. FERRIS ◽  
D. C. LAUER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Geographical Locations

Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from feed ingredients or poultry sources isolated during 1995 to 1997 from different geographical locations within Minnesota were examined for the presence of Salmonella Typhimurium definitive type 104 (DT104). Antibiotic susceptibility studies indicated that 15 of 50 isolates of Salmonella Typhimurium had an antibiotic resistance pattern (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline) that is usually observed with multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104. Of the 15 isolates showing the antibiotic resistance pattern, 8 isolates were phage type 104, 3 isolates were typed as phage type 104 complex, and the remaining 4 isolates belonged to phage types 193, 81, and 126. DT104 was recovered from both feed ingredients and poultry samples. Of the seven feed ingredient–associated Salmonella Typhimurium isolates, four were DT104, whereas only 7 of 43 poultry-associated Salmonella Typhimurium isolates were DT104. A repetitive sequence–based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) of 50 isolates of Salmonella Typhimurium representing 13 phage types identified seven distinct fingerprint profiles. No correlation between phage type and rep-PCR type was noticed. Eleven Salmonella Typhimurium isolates belonging to DT104 and its complex were grouped into two closely related rep-PCR types.

scholarly journals Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Supports the Presence of Host-Adapted Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Typhimurium Strains in the British Garden Bird Population

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (22) ◽  
pp. 8139-8144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Becki Lawson ◽  
Laura A. Hughes ◽  
Tansy Peters ◽  
Elizabeth de Pinna ◽  
Shinto K. John ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium

ABSTRACTSalmonellosis is a frequently diagnosed infectious disease of passerine birds in garden habitats within Great Britain with potential implications for human and domestic animal health. Postmortem examinations were performed on 1,477 garden bird carcasses of circa 50 species from England and Wales, 1999 to 2007 inclusive. Salmonellosis was confirmed in 263 adult birds of 10 passerine species in this 11-year longitudinal study. A subset of 124 fully biotypedSalmonella entericasubsp.entericaserovar Typhimurium isolates was examined using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to investigate the hypothesis that these strains are host adapted and to determine whether this molecular technique offers greater resolution in understanding the epidemiology ofSalmonellaTyphimurium infection than phage typing alone. For the two most common phage types, definitive type (DT) 40 and DT56v, which together accounted for 97% (120/124) of isolates, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis groupings closely correlated with phage type with remarkably few exceptions. A high degree of genetic similarity (>90%) was observed within and between the two most common pulsed-field gel electrophoresis groups. No clustering or variation was found in the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis groupings by bird species, year, or geographical region beyond that revealed by phage typing. These findings support the hypothesis that there are currently two host-adaptedSalmonellaphage types,S. Typhimurium DT40 and DT56v, circulating widely in British garden birds and that the reservoir of infection is maintained within wild bird populations. Large-scale multilocus sequence typing studies are required to further investigate the epidemiology of this infection.

Multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis for discriminating withinSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium definitive types and investigation of outbreaks

2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (7) ◽  
pp. 1050-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. DYET ◽  
E. TURBITT ◽  
P. E. CARTER
Keyword(s):  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Multiple Locus ◽  
Repeat Analysis ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium

SUMMARYThe discriminatory power of multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) needs to be evaluated for allSalmonella entericasubspeciesentericaserovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) phage types so that the power of this methodology is understood and results can be interpreted correctly during outbreak investigations. We evaluated the ability of MLVA to characterize four definitive phage types (DT) problematic in New Zealand. MLVA discriminated between DT104 isolates although there was very limited variation in the MLVA profiles for isolates with an RDNC phage type (reacts but does not conform to a recognized Typhimurium phage pattern) first observed in New Zealand's Enteric Reference Laboratory in May 2006. Most DT101 isolates had indistinguishable MLVA profiles or profiles that differed at one or two loci. This was also observed in DT160 isolates. MLVA may not identify all common-source outbreaks although it provided valuable data when applied to case isolates from twoS. Typhimurium outbreaks.

scholarly journals Phage Types of multidrug resistant Salmonella species in a rural area of Maharashtra, India

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
ST Sabiha ◽  
SL Nilekar
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Objective: The aim of the present study is to know Phage typing and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella species. Methods: A total of 32 Salmonella species isolated from stool and blood specimen were included in the study. They were sent for phage typing to Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi. Antimicrobial susceptibility was done by using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Majority of Salmonella typhi belongs to phage type E1 and biotype I. Decreased susceptibility of the isolate was observed to Ampicillin, Cotrimoxazole, Cephalexin and Gentamicin. Majority of the isolates were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: Predominant phage type was E1. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern is changing and resistant cases are emerging due to inappropriate use of antibiotics. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i1.9821 BJMS 2012; 11(1): 37-39

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