scholarly journals A population-based estimate of the burden of diarrhoeal illness in the United States: FoodNet, 1996–7

2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. HERIKSTAD ◽  
S. YANG ◽  
T. J. VAN GILDER ◽  
D. VUGIA ◽  
J. HADLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Burden Of Illness ◽  
Acute Diarrhoea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Foodborne Diseases ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
United States Today ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Significant Impairment

This study was performed to better understand and more precisely quantify the amount and burden of illness caused by acute diarrhoea in the United States today. A telephone-based population survey was conducted between 1 July, 1996, and 31 June, 1997, in sites of the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet). The overall prevalence of acute diarrhoea in the 4 weeks before interview was 11%, giving a rate of 1.4 episodes of diarrhoea per person per year. The rate of diarrhoeal illness defined as a diarrhoeal episode lasting longer than 1 day or which resulted in significant impairment of daily activities was 0.7 per person per year. It can be concluded that acute diarrhoea is common and represents a significant burden of illness in the United States. Our data on self-reported diarrhoea, when generalized to the entire nation, suggests 375 million episodes of acute diarrhoea each year in the United States. Many of these episodes are mild. However, our data also indicate that there are approximately 200 million episodes of diarrhoeal illness each year in the United States.

scholarly journals Bacterial Enteric Infections Among Older Adults in the United States: Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 1996–2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 492-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Scallan ◽  
Stacy M. Crim ◽  
Arthur Runkle ◽  
Olga L. Henao ◽  
Barbara E. Mahon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Active Surveillance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foodborne Diseases ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Enteric Infections

Continued Evidence of the Impact of Rotavirus Vaccine in Children Less Than 3 Years of Age From the United States New Vaccine Surveillance Network: A Multisite Active Surveillance Program, 2006–2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Allen Staat ◽  
Daniel C Payne ◽  
Natasha Halasa ◽  
Geoffrey A Weinberg ◽  
Stephanie Donauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination ◽  
Ed Visits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vaccine Surveillance

Abstract Background Since 2006, the New Vaccine Surveillance Network has conducted active, population-based surveillance for acute gastroenteritis (AGE) hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits in 3 United States counties. Trends in the epidemiology and disease burden of rotavirus hospitalizations and ED visits were examined from 2006 to 2016. Methods Children < 3 years of age hospitalized or visiting the ED with AGE were enrolled from January 2006 through June 2016. Bulk stool specimens were collected and tested for rotavirus. Rotavirus-associated hospitalization and ED visit rates were calculated annually with 2006–2007 defined as the prevaccine period and 2008–2016 as the postvaccine period. Rotavirus genotype trends were compared over time. Results Over 11 seasons, 6954 children with AGE were enrolled and submitted a stool specimen (2187 hospitalized and 4767 in the ED). Comparing pre- and postvaccine periods, the proportion of children with rotavirus dramatically declined for hospitalization (49% vs 10%) and ED visits (49% vs 8%). In the postvaccine era, a biennial pattern of rotavirus rates was observed, with a trend toward an older median age. G1P[8] (63%) was the predominant genotype in the prevaccine period with a significantly lower proportion (7%) in the postvaccine period (P < .001). G2P[4] remained stable (8% to 14%) in both periods, whereas G3P[8] and G12P[8] increased in proportion from pre- to postvaccine periods (1% to 25% and 17% to 40%), respectively. Conclusions The epidemiology and disease burden of rotavirus has been altered by rotavirus vaccination with a biennial disease pattern, sustained low rates of rotavirus in children < 3 years of age, and a shift in the residual genotypes from G1P[8] to other genotypes.

Incidence of Foodborne Illnesses Reported by the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet)—1997

2000 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 807-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID J. WALLACE ◽  
THOMAS VAN GILDER ◽  
SUE SHALLOW ◽  
TERRY FIORENTINO ◽  
SUZANNE D. SEGLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Active Surveillance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Foodborne Diseases ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
Surveillance Network

In 1997, the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Program (FoodNet) conducted active surveillance for culture-confirmed cases of Campylobacter, Escherichia coli O157, Listeria, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio, Yersinia, Cyclospora, and Cryptosporidium in five Emerging Infections Program sites. FoodNet is a collaborative effort of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Infectious Diseases, the United States Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service, the Food and Drug Administration's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, and state health departments in California, Connecticut, Georgia, Minnesota, and Oregon. The population under active surveillance for food-borne infections was approximately 16.1 million persons or roughly 6% of the United States Population. Through weekly or monthly contact with all clinical laboratories in these sites, 8,576 total isolations were recorded: 2,205 cases of salmonellosis, 1,273 cases of shigellosis, 468 cases of cryptosporidiosis, 340 of E. coli O157:H7 infections, 139 of yersiniosis, 77 of listeriosis, 51 of Vibrio infections, and 49 of cyclosporiasis. Results from 1997 demonstrate that while there are regional and seasonal differences in reported incidence rates of certain bacterial and parasitic diseases, and that some pathogens showed a change in incidence from 1996, the overall incidence of illness caused by pathogens under surveillance was stable. More data over more years are needed to assess if observed variations in incidence reflect yearly fluctuations or true changes in the burden of foodborne illness.

scholarly journals Population-Based Active Surveillance for Cyclospora Infection—United States, Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet), 1997–2009

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. S411-S417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Hall ◽  
Jeffrey L. Jones ◽  
Sharon Hurd ◽  
Glenda Smith ◽  
Barbara E. Mahon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Foodborne Diseases ◽  
Surveillance Network

scholarly journals Travel-Associated Enteric Infections Diagnosed After Return to the United States, Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet), 2004–2009

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. S480-S487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena E. Kendall ◽  
Stacy Crim ◽  
Kathleen Fullerton ◽  
Pauline V. Han ◽  
Alicia B. Cronquist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Active Surveillance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foodborne Diseases ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Enteric Infections

scholarly journals Initial estimates of COVID-19 infections in hospital workers in the United States during the first wave of pandemic

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0242589
Author(s):  
Junaid A. Razzak ◽  
Junaid A. Bhatti ◽  
Muhammad Ramzan Tahir ◽  
Omrana Pasha-Razzak
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Burden Of Illness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Direct Patient Care ◽  
Hospital Workers ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

Objective We estimated the number of hospital workers in the United States (US) that might be infected or die during the COVID-19 pandemic based on the data in the early phases of the pandemic. Methods We calculated infection and death rates amongst US hospital workers per 100 COVID-19-related deaths in the general population based on observed numbers in Hubei, China, and Italy. We used Monte Carlo simulations to compute point estimates with 95% confidence intervals for hospital worker (HW) infections in the US based on each of these two scenarios. We also assessed the impact of restricting hospital workers aged ≥ 60 years from performing patient care activities on these estimates. Results We estimated that about 53,000 hospital workers in the US could get infected, and 1579 could die due to COVID19. The availability of PPE for high-risk workers alone could reduce this number to about 28,000 infections and 850 deaths. Restricting high-risk hospital workers such as those aged ≥ 60 years from direct patient care could reduce counts to 2,000 healthcare worker infections and 60 deaths. Conclusion We estimate that US hospital workers will bear a significant burden of illness due to COVID-19. Making PPE available to all hospital workers and reducing the exposure of hospital workers above the age of 60 could mitigate these risks.

Violence, Social Movements, and Black Freedom Struggles

Contention ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
AK Thompson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Today ◽  
Black Freedom ◽  
Current Events ◽  
Research Agendas ◽  
Ambivalent Relationship ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Freedom Struggles

George Floyd’s murder by police on 26 May 2020 set off a cycle of struggle that was notable for its size, intensity, and rate of diffusion. Starting in Minneapolis, the uprising quickly spread to dozens of other major cities and brought with it a repertoire that included riots, arson, and looting. In many places, these tactics coexisted with more familiar actions like public assemblies and mass marches; however, the inflection these tactics gave to the cycle of contention is not easily reconciled with the protest repertoire most frequently mobilized during movement campaigns in the United States today. This discrepancy has led to extensive commentary by scholars and movement participants, who have often weighed in by considering the moral and strategic efficacy of the chosen tactics. Such considerations should not be discounted. Nevertheless, I argue that both the dynamics of contention witnessed during the uprising and their ambivalent relationship to the established protest repertoire must first be understood in historical terms. By considering the relationship between violence, social movements, and Black freedom struggles in this way, I argue that scholars can develop a better understanding of current events while anticipating how the dynamics of contention are likely to develop going forward. Being attentive to these dynamics should in turn inform our research agendas, and it is with this aim in mind that I offer the following ten theses.

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