scholarly journals Epidemiology of hospitalised paediatric community-acquired pneumonia and bacterial pneumonia following the introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the national immunisation programme in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Takeuchi ◽  
S. Naito ◽  
M. Ohkusu ◽  
K. Abe ◽  
K. Shizuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Bacterial Pneumonia ◽  
Pneumococcal Pneumonia ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Immunisation Programme ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
National Immunisation Programme ◽  
National Immunisation

Abstract Studies on community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and pneumococcal pneumonia (PP) related to the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) introduction in Asia are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological and microbiological determinants of hospitalised CAP and PP after PCV13 was introduced in Japan. This observational hospital-based surveillance study included children aged ⩽15 years, admitted to hospitals in and around Chiba City, Japan. Participants had bacterial pneumonia based on a positive blood or sputum culture for bacterial pathogens. Serotype and antibiotic-susceptibility testing of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae isolates from patients with bacterial pneumonia were assessed. The CAP hospitalisation rate per 1000 child-years was 17.7, 14.3 and 9.7 in children aged <5 years and 1.18, 2.64 and 0.69 in children aged 5–15 years in 2008, 2012 and 2018, respectively. There was a 45% and 41% reduction in CAP hospitalisation rates, between the pre-PCV7 and PCV13 periods, respectively. Significant reductions occurred in the proportion of CAP due to PP and PCV13 serotypes. Conversely, no change occurred in the proportion of CAP caused by H. influenzae. The incidence of hospitalised CAP in children aged ⩽15 years was significantly reduced after the introduction of PCV13 in Japan. Continuous surveillance is necessary to detect emerging PP serotypes.

scholarly journals Introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine into the Dutch national immunisation programme

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
M van Oosten ◽  
S de Greeff ◽  
L Spanjaard ◽  
L M Schouls
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Immunisation Programme ◽  
National Immunisation Programme ◽  
National Immunisation

Seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) has been added to the Dutch national immunisation programme

The impact of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on the incidence of childhood community-acquired pneumonia and bacteriologically confirmed pneumococcal pneumonia in Japan

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. NAITO ◽  
J. TANAKA ◽  
K. NAGASHIMA ◽  
B. CHANG ◽  
H. HISHIKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Pneumococcal Pneumonia ◽  
Incidence Rate Ratio ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYHeptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced to Japan in 2010. We investigated the impact of PCV7 on childhood community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and pneumococcal pneumonia (PP). Children aged <5 years living in Chiba city, Japan, who were admitted to hospitals were enrolled to estimate the incidence of CAP based on the mid-year population. PP was determined by the presence of Streptococcus pneumoniae in cultured blood and/or sputum samples of CAP patients. The incidence of CAP and S. pneumoniae isolated from PP patients was compared before (April 2008–March 2009) and after (April 2012–March 2013) the introduction of PCV7 immunization. The annual incidence of CAP was reduced [incidence rate ratio 0·81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·73–0·90]. When comparing post-vaccine with pre-vaccine periods, the odds ratio for PP incidence was 0·60 (95% CI 0·39–0·93, P = 0·024). PCV7-covered serotypes markedly decreased (66·6% in pre-vaccine vs. 15·6% in post-vaccine, P < 0·01), and serotypes 6C, 15A, 15C and 19A increased. Multidrug-resistant international clones in the pre-vaccine period (Spain6B-2/ST90, Taiwan19F-14/ST236) decreased, while Sweden15A-25/ST63 was the dominant clone in the post-vaccine period. A significant reduction in the incidence of both CAP hospitalizations and culture-confirmed PP of vaccine serotypes was observed at 2 years after PCV7 vaccination.

scholarly journals Pneumococcal pneumonia and carriage in Africa before and after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, 2000–2019: protocol for systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e030981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Newton L. Kalata ◽  
Tinashe K. Nyazika ◽  
Todd D. Swarthout ◽  
Dean Everett ◽  
Neil French ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Pneumonia ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Published Data ◽  
National Immunisation Programme ◽  
Pneumococcal Carriage ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionAfrica harbours a high burden of pneumococcal disease, with associated high mortality rates. Despite 34 countries introducing the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, which reduces the risk of pneumococcal carriage (a prerequisite for disease) of some of the most pathogenic pneumococcal serotypes, it remains uncertain whether they will achieve the sustained direct or indirect protection necessary to reduce pneumococcal carriage to levels sufficient to interrupt transmission and disease. We will therefore summarise the available data on the impact of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in reducing vaccine serotype carriage and pneumococcal pneumonia in Africa between 2000 and 2019.Methods and analysisUsing a predetermined search strategy, we will conduct a comprehensive search of PubMed, MEDLINE database, the Excerpta Medica Database, the ISI Web of Science (Science Citation Index), Scopus and the African Index Medicus to identify published studies reporting the prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage (vaccine type and non-vaccine type), incidence rates of pneumococcal pneumonia and mortality among children, adults and HIV-infected (all-ages) pre-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) and post-PCV introduction (published between 1st January 2000 and 31st December 2019) in African countries that have introduced PCVs (PCV7/PCV10/PCV13) in their routine national immunisation programme. The studies retained and data extracted will be assessed for bias using prevalidated tools and checklists. Heterogeneity across studies will be assessed using the χ2 test on Cochrane Q statistic. A random effect meta-analysis will be used to estimate the overall prevalence of pneumococcal carriage and incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia across studies with similar characteristics. Results will be reported in compliance with the Meta-Analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. The protocol has been prepared in accordance to the 2015 guidelines on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review will not require ethical approval as we will be using already published data. The final manuscript will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019130976.

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