scholarly journals A novel system for the classification of diseased retinal ganglion cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES R. TRIBBLE ◽  
STEPHEN D. CROSS ◽  
PAULINA A. SAMSEL ◽  
FRANK SENGPIEL ◽  
JAMES E. MORGAN
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Primary Dendrite ◽  
Dendritic Tree ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Brown Norway ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Retinal Ganglion

AbstractRetinal ganglion cell (RGC) dendritic atrophy is an early feature of many forms of retinal degeneration, providing a challenge to RGC classification. The characterization of these changes is complicated by the possibility that selective labeling of any particular class can confound the estimation of dendritic remodeling. To address this issue we have developed a novel, robust, and quantitative RGC classification based on proximal dendritic features which are resistant to early degeneration. RGCs were labeled through the ballistic delivery of DiO and DiI coated tungsten particles to whole retinal explants of 20 adult Brown Norway rats. RGCs were grouped according to the Sun classification system. A comprehensive set of primary and secondary dendrite features were quantified and a new classification model derived using principal component (PCA) and discriminant analyses, to estimate the likelihood that a cell belonged to any given class. One-hundred and thirty one imaged RGCs were analyzed; according to the Sun classification, 24% (n = 31) were RGCA, 29% (n = 38) RGCB, 32% (n = 42) RGCC, and 15% (n = 20) RGCD. PCA gave a 3 component solution, separating RGCs based on descriptors of soma size and primary dendrite thickness, proximal dendritic field size and dendritic tree asymmetry. The new variables correctly classified 73.3% (n = 74) of RGCs from a training sample and 63.3% (n = 19) from a hold out sample indicating an effective model. Soma and proximal dendritic tree morphological features provide a useful surrogate measurement for the classification of RGCs in disease. While a definitive classification is not possible in every case, the technique provides a useful safeguard against sample bias where the normal criteria for cell classification may not be reliable.

Morphology, dendritic field size, somal size, density, and coverage of M and P retinal ganglion cells of dichromatic Cebus monkeys

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1011-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth S. Yamada ◽  
Luiz Carlos L. Silveira ◽  
V. Hugh Perry
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Dendritic Tree ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Retinal Eccentricity ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Dendritic Field ◽  
Retrograde Filling

AbstractMale Cebus monkeys are all dichromats, but about two thirds of the females are trichromats. M and P retinal ganglion cells were studied in the male Cebus monkey to investigate the relationship of their morphology to retinal eccentricity. Retinal ganglion cells were retrogradely labeled after optic nerve deposits of biocytin to reveal their entire dendritic tree. Cebus M and P ganglion cell morphology revealed by biocytin retrograde filling is similar to that described for macaque and human M and P ganglion cells obtained by in vitro intracellular injection of HRP and neurobiotin. We measured 264 and 441 M and P ganglion cells, respectively. M ganglion cells have larger dendritic field and cell body size than P ganglion cells at any comparable temporal or nasal eccentricity. Dendritic trees of both M and P ganglion cells are smaller in the nasal than in the temporal region at eccentricities greater than 5 mm and 2 mm for M and P ganglion cells, respectively. The depth of terminal dendrites allows identification of both inner and outer subclasses of M and P ganglion cells. The difference in dendritic tree size between inner and outer cells is small or absent. Comparison between Cebus and Macaca shows that M and P ganglion cells have similar sizes in the central retinal region. The results support the view that M and P pathways are similarly organized in diurnal dichromat and trichromat primates.

Quantitative morphology of rabbit retinal ganglion cells

1983 ◽  
Vol 217 (1208) ◽  
pp. 341-355 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Dendritic Tree ◽  
Dendritic Morphology ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Retinal Eccentricity ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Dendritic Fields

Intraretinal (extracellular) injections of horseradish peroxidase were used to stain rabbit retinal ganglion cells. Five basic morphological ganglion cell classes were identified by quantitative analysis of dendritic branching patterns and computer reconstruction of dendritic ramification levels. Type 1 cells are characterized by a unistratified, radial dendritic morphology. The dendritic fields are of medium to large size. Subgroups ramify in either the outer or the inner part of the inner plexiform layer (i. p. l.). Type 2 cells have complex intricately branched dendritic morphologies with wide branch angles. They are comparable with type 1 cells in dendritic field size. Subgroups of this class include unistratified cells ramifying in the outer or inner part of the i. p. l. as well as cells with more complicated i. p. l. ramification schemes. Type 3 cells are somewhate similar to type 1 cells. A particular distinction is that they are much larger than type 1 cells at the same retinal eccentricity. Type 4 cells have a thin elliptical soma and a lobulate dendritic tree structure. Type 5 cells are a somewhat heterogeneous group with very small intricately branched dendritic fields. Since the number of anatomical groups is comparable with the number of physiological classes, it is tenable that the major physiological cell classes are associated with distinct dendritic morphologies.

Morphogenesis of retinal ganglion cells during formation of the fovea in the Rhesus macaque

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 603-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Kirby ◽  
Thomas C. Steineke
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Primary Dendrite ◽  
Dendritic Arbor ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Comparative Neurology ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Central Retina ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThe morphology of retinal ganglion cells within the central retina during formation of the fovea was examined in retinal explants with horseradish-peroxidase histochemistry. A foveal depression was first apparent in retinal wholemounts at embryonic day 112 (El 12; gestational term is approximately 165 days). At earlier fetal ages, the site of the future fovea was identified by several criteria that included peak density of ganglion cells, lack of blood vessels in the inner retinal layers, arcuate fiber bundles, and the absence of rod outer segments in the photoreceptor layer. Prior to E112, the terminal dendritic arbor of retinal ganglion cells within the central retina extended into the inner plexiform layer and were located directly beneath their somas of origin or at most were slightly displaced from it. For example, at E90 the mean horizontal displacement of the geometric center of the dendritic arbor from the somas of cells within 600 μm of the estimated center of the future fovea was 4.1 μm (S.D. 2.7, range 1.0-10.0, n = 97). Following formation of the foveal depression the dendritic arbors of cells were significantly displaced from their somas. For example, at E138 the mean displacement was 41.2 μm (S.D. 12.2, range 12.0-56.0, n = 97). The displacement of the dendritic arbor which occurred during this period was not accounted for by areal growth of the dendritic arbor, the somas, or the retina, but was produced by the lengthening of the primary dendritic trunk. Moreover, no significant displacement was observed within the remaining 1.5–6.5 mm of the central retina. These observations provide evidence supporting early speculations that the formation of the foveal pit occurs, in part, by the radial migration of ganglion cells from the center of the fovea during its formation. Our analyses suggest that this migration occurs by the lengthening of the primary dendrite presumably by the addition of membrane. This migration is in a direction opposite to the inward movement of photoreceptors that occurs during late fetal and early postnatal periods (Packer et al., 1990, Journal of Comparative Neurology 298, 472–493).

Biomimetic Pattern Recognition for Classification of Proteomic Profile

2013 ◽  
Vol 791-793 ◽  
pp. 1961-1964
Author(s):  
Xiao Li Yang ◽  
Qiong He
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Proteomic Profile ◽  
Satisfactory Model ◽  
Over Time

We propose a biomimetic pattern recognition (BPR) approach for classification of proteomic profile. The proposed approach preprocess profile using iterative minimum in adaptive setting window (IMASW) method for baseline correction, discrete wavelet transform (DWT) for fitting and smoothing, and average total ion normalization (ATIN) for remove the influence of vary amount of sample and degradation over time. Then principal component analysis (PCA) and BPR build classification model. With an optimization of the parameters involved in the modeling, we obtain a satisfactory model for cancer diagnosis in three proteomic profile datasets. The predicted results show that BPR technique is more reliable and efficient than support vector machine (SVM) method.

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